This file is indexed.

/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/feedparser.py is in python3-feedparser 5.1.3-3.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
"""Universal feed parser

Handles RSS 0.9x, RSS 1.0, RSS 2.0, CDF, Atom 0.3, and Atom 1.0 feeds

Visit https://code.google.com/p/feedparser/ for the latest version
Visit http://packages.python.org/feedparser/ for the latest documentation

Required: Python 2.4 or later
Recommended: iconv_codec <http://cjkpython.i18n.org/>
"""

__version__ = "5.1.3"
__license__ = """
Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Kurt McKee <contactme@kurtmckee.org>
Copyright (c) 2002-2008 Mark Pilgrim
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 'AS IS'
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."""
__author__ = "Mark Pilgrim <http://diveintomark.org/>"
__contributors__ = ["Jason Diamond <http://injektilo.org/>",
                    "John Beimler <http://john.beimler.org/>",
                    "Fazal Majid <http://www.majid.info/mylos/weblog/>",
                    "Aaron Swartz <http://aaronsw.com/>",
                    "Kevin Marks <http://epeus.blogspot.com/>",
                    "Sam Ruby <http://intertwingly.net/>",
                    "Ade Oshineye <http://blog.oshineye.com/>",
                    "Martin Pool <http://sourcefrog.net/>",
                    "Kurt McKee <http://kurtmckee.org/>",
                    "Bernd Schlapsi <https://github.com/brot>",]

# HTTP "User-Agent" header to send to servers when downloading feeds.
# If you are embedding feedparser in a larger application, you should
# change this to your application name and URL.
USER_AGENT = "UniversalFeedParser/%s +https://code.google.com/p/feedparser/" % __version__

# HTTP "Accept" header to send to servers when downloading feeds.  If you don't
# want to send an Accept header, set this to None.
ACCEPT_HEADER = "application/atom+xml,application/rdf+xml,application/rss+xml,application/x-netcdf,application/xml;q=0.9,text/xml;q=0.2,*/*;q=0.1"

# List of preferred XML parsers, by SAX driver name.  These will be tried first,
# but if they're not installed, Python will keep searching through its own list
# of pre-installed parsers until it finds one that supports everything we need.
PREFERRED_XML_PARSERS = ["drv_libxml2"]

# If you want feedparser to automatically run HTML markup through HTML Tidy, set
# this to 1.  Requires mxTidy <http://www.egenix.com/files/python/mxTidy.html>
# or utidylib <http://utidylib.berlios.de/>.
TIDY_MARKUP = 0

# List of Python interfaces for HTML Tidy, in order of preference.  Only useful
# if TIDY_MARKUP = 1
PREFERRED_TIDY_INTERFACES = ["uTidy", "mxTidy"]

# If you want feedparser to automatically resolve all relative URIs, set this
# to 1.
RESOLVE_RELATIVE_URIS = 1

# If you want feedparser to automatically sanitize all potentially unsafe
# HTML content, set this to 1.
SANITIZE_HTML = 1

# If you want feedparser to automatically parse microformat content embedded
# in entry contents, set this to 1
PARSE_MICROFORMATS = 1

# ---------- Python 3 modules (make it work if possible) ----------
try:
    import rfc822
except ImportError:
    from email import _parseaddr as rfc822

try:
    # Python 3.1 introduces bytes.maketrans and simultaneously
    # deprecates string.maketrans; use bytes.maketrans if possible
    _maketrans = bytes.maketrans
except (NameError, AttributeError):
    import string
    _maketrans = string.maketrans

# base64 support for Atom feeds that contain embedded binary data
try:
    import base64, binascii
except ImportError:
    base64 = binascii = None
else:
    # Python 3.1 deprecates decodestring in favor of decodebytes
    _base64decode = getattr(base64, 'decodebytes', base64.decodestring)

# _s2bytes: convert a UTF-8 str to bytes if the interpreter is Python 3
# _l2bytes: convert a list of ints to bytes if the interpreter is Python 3
try:
    if bytes is str:
        # In Python 2.5 and below, bytes doesn't exist (NameError)
        # In Python 2.6 and above, bytes and str are the same type
        raise NameError
except NameError:
    # Python 2
    def _s2bytes(s):
        return s
    def _l2bytes(l):
        return ''.join(map(chr, l))
else:
    # Python 3
    def _s2bytes(s):
        return bytes(s, 'utf8')
    def _l2bytes(l):
        return bytes(l)

# If you want feedparser to allow all URL schemes, set this to ()
# List culled from Python's urlparse documentation at:
#   http://docs.python.org/library/urlparse.html
# as well as from "URI scheme" at Wikipedia:
#   https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/URI_scheme
# Many more will likely need to be added!
ACCEPTABLE_URI_SCHEMES = (
    'file', 'ftp', 'gopher', 'h323', 'hdl', 'http', 'https', 'imap', 'magnet',
    'mailto', 'mms', 'news', 'nntp', 'prospero', 'rsync', 'rtsp', 'rtspu',
    'sftp', 'shttp', 'sip', 'sips', 'snews', 'svn', 'svn+ssh', 'telnet',
    'wais',
    # Additional common-but-unofficial schemes
    'aim', 'callto', 'cvs', 'facetime', 'feed', 'git', 'gtalk', 'irc', 'ircs',
    'irc6', 'itms', 'mms', 'msnim', 'skype', 'ssh', 'smb', 'svn', 'ymsg',
)
#ACCEPTABLE_URI_SCHEMES = ()

# ---------- required modules (should come with any Python distribution) ----------
import cgi
import codecs
import copy
import datetime
import re
import struct
import time
import types
import urllib.request, urllib.parse, urllib.error
import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse
import urllib.parse
import warnings

from html.entities import name2codepoint, codepoint2name, entitydefs

try:
    from io import BytesIO as _StringIO
except ImportError:
    try:
        from io import StringIO as _StringIO
    except ImportError:
        from io import StringIO as _StringIO

# ---------- optional modules (feedparser will work without these, but with reduced functionality) ----------

# gzip is included with most Python distributions, but may not be available if you compiled your own
try:
    import gzip
except ImportError:
    gzip = None
try:
    import zlib
except ImportError:
    zlib = None

# If a real XML parser is available, feedparser will attempt to use it.  feedparser has
# been tested with the built-in SAX parser and libxml2.  On platforms where the
# Python distribution does not come with an XML parser (such as Mac OS X 10.2 and some
# versions of FreeBSD), feedparser will quietly fall back on regex-based parsing.
try:
    import xml.sax
    from xml.sax.saxutils import escape as _xmlescape
except ImportError:
    _XML_AVAILABLE = 0
    def _xmlescape(data,entities={}):
        data = data.replace('&', '&amp;')
        data = data.replace('>', '&gt;')
        data = data.replace('<', '&lt;')
        for char, entity in entities:
            data = data.replace(char, entity)
        return data
else:
    try:
        xml.sax.make_parser(PREFERRED_XML_PARSERS) # test for valid parsers
    except xml.sax.SAXReaderNotAvailable:
        _XML_AVAILABLE = 0
    else:
        _XML_AVAILABLE = 1

# sgmllib is not available by default in Python 3; if the end user doesn't have
# it available then we'll lose illformed XML parsing, content santizing, and
# microformat support (at least while feedparser depends on BeautifulSoup).
_SGML_AVAILABLE = 0
try:
    import sgmllib
except ImportError:
    # Debian installs the upstream sgmllib3.py into this location.
    try:
        import feedparser_sgmllib3 as sgmllib
    except ImportError:
        # This is probably Python 3, which doesn't include sgmllib anymore
        _SGML_AVAILABLE = 0

        # Mock sgmllib enough to allow subclassing later on
        class sgmllib(object):
            class SGMLParser(object):
                def goahead(self, i):
                    pass
                def parse_starttag(self, i):
                    pass
    else:
        _SGML_AVAILABLE = 1
else:
    _SGML_AVAILABLE = 1

if _SGML_AVAILABLE:
    # sgmllib defines a number of module-level regular expressions that are
    # insufficient for the XML parsing feedparser needs. Rather than modify
    # the variables directly in sgmllib, they're defined here using the same
    # names, and the compiled code objects of several sgmllib.SGMLParser
    # methods are copied into _BaseHTMLProcessor so that they execute in
    # feedparser's scope instead of sgmllib's scope.
    charref = re.compile('&#(\d+|[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+);')
    tagfind = re.compile('[a-zA-Z][-_.:a-zA-Z0-9]*')
    attrfind = re.compile(
        r'\s*([a-zA-Z_][-:.a-zA-Z_0-9]*)[$]?(\s*=\s*'
        r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*"|[][\-a-zA-Z0-9./,:;+*%?!&$\(\)_#=~\'"@]*))?'
    )

    # Unfortunately, these must be copied over to prevent NameError exceptions
    entityref = sgmllib.entityref
    incomplete = sgmllib.incomplete
    interesting = sgmllib.interesting
    shorttag = sgmllib.shorttag
    shorttagopen = sgmllib.shorttagopen
    starttagopen = sgmllib.starttagopen

    class _EndBracketRegEx:
        def __init__(self):
            # Overriding the built-in sgmllib.endbracket regex allows the
            # parser to find angle brackets embedded in element attributes.
            self.endbracket = re.compile('''([^'"<>]|"[^"]*"(?=>|/|\s|\w+=)|'[^']*'(?=>|/|\s|\w+=))*(?=[<>])|.*?(?=[<>])''')
        def search(self, target, index=0):
            match = self.endbracket.match(target, index)
            if match is not None:
                # Returning a new object in the calling thread's context
                # resolves a thread-safety.
                return EndBracketMatch(match)
            return None
    class EndBracketMatch:
        def __init__(self, match):
            self.match = match
        def start(self, n):
            return self.match.end(n)
    endbracket = _EndBracketRegEx()


# iconv_codec provides support for more character encodings.
# It's available from http://cjkpython.i18n.org/
try:
    import iconv_codec
except ImportError:
    pass

# chardet library auto-detects character encodings
# Download from http://chardet.feedparser.org/
try:
    import chardet
except ImportError:
    chardet = None

# BeautifulSoup is used to extract microformat content from HTML
# feedparser is tested using BeautifulSoup 3.2.0
# http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
try:
    import BeautifulSoup
except ImportError:
    BeautifulSoup = None
    PARSE_MICROFORMATS = False

# ---------- don't touch these ----------
class ThingsNobodyCaresAboutButMe(Exception): pass
class CharacterEncodingOverride(ThingsNobodyCaresAboutButMe): pass
class CharacterEncodingUnknown(ThingsNobodyCaresAboutButMe): pass
class NonXMLContentType(ThingsNobodyCaresAboutButMe): pass
class UndeclaredNamespace(Exception): pass

SUPPORTED_VERSIONS = {'': 'unknown',
                      'rss090': 'RSS 0.90',
                      'rss091n': 'RSS 0.91 (Netscape)',
                      'rss091u': 'RSS 0.91 (Userland)',
                      'rss092': 'RSS 0.92',
                      'rss093': 'RSS 0.93',
                      'rss094': 'RSS 0.94',
                      'rss20': 'RSS 2.0',
                      'rss10': 'RSS 1.0',
                      'rss': 'RSS (unknown version)',
                      'atom01': 'Atom 0.1',
                      'atom02': 'Atom 0.2',
                      'atom03': 'Atom 0.3',
                      'atom10': 'Atom 1.0',
                      'atom': 'Atom (unknown version)',
                      'cdf': 'CDF',
                      }

class FeedParserDict(dict):
    keymap = {'channel': 'feed',
              'items': 'entries',
              'guid': 'id',
              'date': 'updated',
              'date_parsed': 'updated_parsed',
              'description': ['summary', 'subtitle'],
              'description_detail': ['summary_detail', 'subtitle_detail'],
              'url': ['href'],
              'modified': 'updated',
              'modified_parsed': 'updated_parsed',
              'issued': 'published',
              'issued_parsed': 'published_parsed',
              'copyright': 'rights',
              'copyright_detail': 'rights_detail',
              'tagline': 'subtitle',
              'tagline_detail': 'subtitle_detail'}
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if key == 'category':
            try:
                return dict.__getitem__(self, 'tags')[0]['term']
            except IndexError:
                raise KeyError("object doesn't have key 'category'")
        elif key == 'enclosures':
            norel = lambda link: FeedParserDict([(name,value) for (name,value) in list(link.items()) if name!='rel'])
            return [norel(link) for link in dict.__getitem__(self, 'links') if link['rel']=='enclosure']
        elif key == 'license':
            for link in dict.__getitem__(self, 'links'):
                if link['rel']=='license' and 'href' in link:
                    return link['href']
        elif key == 'updated':
            # Temporarily help developers out by keeping the old
            # broken behavior that was reported in issue 310.
            # This fix was proposed in issue 328.
            if not dict.__contains__(self, 'updated') and \
                dict.__contains__(self, 'published'):
                warnings.warn("To avoid breaking existing software while "
                    "fixing issue 310, a temporary mapping has been created "
                    "from `updated` to `published` if `updated` doesn't "
                    "exist. This fallback will be removed in a future version "
                    "of feedparser.", DeprecationWarning)
                return dict.__getitem__(self, 'published')
            return dict.__getitem__(self, 'updated')
        elif key == 'updated_parsed':
            if not dict.__contains__(self, 'updated_parsed') and \
                dict.__contains__(self, 'published_parsed'):
                warnings.warn("To avoid breaking existing software while "
                    "fixing issue 310, a temporary mapping has been created "
                    "from `updated_parsed` to `published_parsed` if "
                    "`updated_parsed` doesn't exist. This fallback will be "
                    "removed in a future version of feedparser.",
                    DeprecationWarning)
                return dict.__getitem__(self, 'published_parsed')
            return dict.__getitem__(self, 'updated_parsed')
        else:
            realkey = self.keymap.get(key, key)
            if isinstance(realkey, list):
                for k in realkey:
                    if dict.__contains__(self, k):
                        return dict.__getitem__(self, k)
            elif dict.__contains__(self, realkey):
                return dict.__getitem__(self, realkey)
        return dict.__getitem__(self, key)

    def __contains__(self, key):
        if key in ('updated', 'updated_parsed'):
            # Temporarily help developers out by keeping the old
            # broken behavior that was reported in issue 310.
            # This fix was proposed in issue 328.
            return dict.__contains__(self, key)
        try:
            self.__getitem__(key)
        except KeyError:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    has_key = __contains__

    def get(self, key, default=None):
        try:
            return self.__getitem__(key)
        except KeyError:
            return default

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        key = self.keymap.get(key, key)
        if isinstance(key, list):
            key = key[0]
        return dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)

    def setdefault(self, key, value):
        if key not in self:
            self[key] = value
            return value
        return self[key]

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        # __getattribute__() is called first; this will be called
        # only if an attribute was not already found
        try:
            return self.__getitem__(key)
        except KeyError:
            raise AttributeError("object has no attribute '%s'" % key)

    def __hash__(self):
        return id(self)

_cp1252 = {
    128: chr(8364), # euro sign
    130: chr(8218), # single low-9 quotation mark
    131: chr( 402), # latin small letter f with hook
    132: chr(8222), # double low-9 quotation mark
    133: chr(8230), # horizontal ellipsis
    134: chr(8224), # dagger
    135: chr(8225), # double dagger
    136: chr( 710), # modifier letter circumflex accent
    137: chr(8240), # per mille sign
    138: chr( 352), # latin capital letter s with caron
    139: chr(8249), # single left-pointing angle quotation mark
    140: chr( 338), # latin capital ligature oe
    142: chr( 381), # latin capital letter z with caron
    145: chr(8216), # left single quotation mark
    146: chr(8217), # right single quotation mark
    147: chr(8220), # left double quotation mark
    148: chr(8221), # right double quotation mark
    149: chr(8226), # bullet
    150: chr(8211), # en dash
    151: chr(8212), # em dash
    152: chr( 732), # small tilde
    153: chr(8482), # trade mark sign
    154: chr( 353), # latin small letter s with caron
    155: chr(8250), # single right-pointing angle quotation mark
    156: chr( 339), # latin small ligature oe
    158: chr( 382), # latin small letter z with caron
    159: chr( 376), # latin capital letter y with diaeresis
}

_urifixer = re.compile('^([A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+-.]*://)(/*)(.*?)')
def _urljoin(base, uri):
    uri = _urifixer.sub(r'\1\3', uri)
    #try:
    if not isinstance(uri, str):
        uri = uri.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
    uri = urllib.parse.urljoin(base, uri)
    if not isinstance(uri, str):
        return uri.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
    return uri
    #except:
    #    uri = urlparse.urlunparse([urllib.quote(part) for part in urlparse.urlparse(uri)])
    #    return urlparse.urljoin(base, uri)

class _FeedParserMixin:
    namespaces = {
        '': '',
        'http://backend.userland.com/rss': '',
        'http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss': '',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/': '',
        'http://my.netscape.com/rdf/simple/0.9/': '',
        'http://example.com/newformat#': '',
        'http://example.com/necho': '',
        'http://purl.org/echo/': '',
        'uri/of/echo/namespace#': '',
        'http://purl.org/pie/': '',
        'http://purl.org/atom/ns#': '',
        'http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom': '',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/rss091#': '',

        'http://webns.net/mvcb/':                                'admin',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/aggregation/':          'ag',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/annotate/':             'annotate',
        'http://media.tangent.org/rss/1.0/':                     'audio',
        'http://backend.userland.com/blogChannelModule':         'blogChannel',
        'http://web.resource.org/cc/':                           'cc',
        'http://backend.userland.com/creativeCommonsRssModule':  'creativeCommons',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/company':               'co',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/':              'content',
        'http://my.theinfo.org/changed/1.0/rss/':                'cp',
        'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/':                      'dc',
        'http://purl.org/dc/terms/':                             'dcterms',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/email/':                'email',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/event/':                'ev',
        'http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0':            'feedburner',
        'http://freshmeat.net/rss/fm/':                          'fm',
        'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/':                            'foaf',
        'http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#':              'geo',
        'http://postneo.com/icbm/':                              'icbm',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/image/':                'image',
        'http://www.itunes.com/DTDs/PodCast-1.0.dtd':            'itunes',
        'http://example.com/DTDs/PodCast-1.0.dtd':               'itunes',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/link/':                 'l',
        'http://search.yahoo.com/mrss':                          'media',
        # Version 1.1.2 of the Media RSS spec added the trailing slash on the namespace
        'http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/':                         'media',
        'http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/pingback/':  'pingback',
        'http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/':        'prism',
        'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#':           'rdf',
        'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#':                 'rdfs',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/reference/':            'ref',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/richequiv/':            'reqv',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/search/':               'search',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/':                'slash',
        'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/':             'soap',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/servicestatus/':        'ss',
        'http://hacks.benhammersley.com/rss/streaming/':         'str',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/subscription/':         'sub',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/':          'sy',
        'http://schemas.pocketsoap.com/rss/myDescModule/':       'szf',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/':             'taxo',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/threading/':            'thr',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/textinput/':            'ti',
        'http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/': 'trackback',
        'http://wellformedweb.org/commentAPI/':                  'wfw',
        'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/wiki/':                 'wiki',
        'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml':                          'xhtml',
        'http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink':                          'xlink',
        'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace':                  'xml',
    }
    _matchnamespaces = {}

    can_be_relative_uri = set(['link', 'id', 'wfw_comment', 'wfw_commentrss', 'docs', 'url', 'href', 'comments', 'icon', 'logo'])
    can_contain_relative_uris = set(['content', 'title', 'summary', 'info', 'tagline', 'subtitle', 'copyright', 'rights', 'description'])
    can_contain_dangerous_markup = set(['content', 'title', 'summary', 'info', 'tagline', 'subtitle', 'copyright', 'rights', 'description'])
    html_types = ['text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml']

    def __init__(self, baseuri=None, baselang=None, encoding='utf-8'):
        if not self._matchnamespaces:
            for k, v in list(self.namespaces.items()):
                self._matchnamespaces[k.lower()] = v
        self.feeddata = FeedParserDict() # feed-level data
        self.encoding = encoding # character encoding
        self.entries = [] # list of entry-level data
        self.version = '' # feed type/version, see SUPPORTED_VERSIONS
        self.namespacesInUse = {} # dictionary of namespaces defined by the feed

        # the following are used internally to track state;
        # this is really out of control and should be refactored
        self.infeed = 0
        self.inentry = 0
        self.incontent = 0
        self.intextinput = 0
        self.inimage = 0
        self.inauthor = 0
        self.incontributor = 0
        self.inpublisher = 0
        self.insource = 0
        self.sourcedata = FeedParserDict()
        self.contentparams = FeedParserDict()
        self._summaryKey = None
        self.namespacemap = {}
        self.elementstack = []
        self.basestack = []
        self.langstack = []
        self.baseuri = baseuri or ''
        self.lang = baselang or None
        self.svgOK = 0
        self.title_depth = -1
        self.depth = 0
        if baselang:
            self.feeddata['language'] = baselang.replace('_','-')

        # A map of the following form:
        #     {
        #         object_that_value_is_set_on: {
        #             property_name: depth_of_node_property_was_extracted_from,
        #             other_property: depth_of_node_property_was_extracted_from,
        #         },
        #     }
        self.property_depth_map = {}

    def _normalize_attributes(self, kv):
        k = kv[0].lower()
        v = k in ('rel', 'type') and kv[1].lower() or kv[1]
        # the sgml parser doesn't handle entities in attributes, nor
        # does it pass the attribute values through as unicode, while
        # strict xml parsers do -- account for this difference
        if isinstance(self, _LooseFeedParser):
            v = v.replace('&amp;', '&')
            if not isinstance(v, str):
                v = v.decode('utf-8')
        return (k, v)

    def unknown_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        # increment depth counter
        self.depth += 1

        # normalize attrs
        attrs = list(map(self._normalize_attributes, attrs))

        # track xml:base and xml:lang
        attrsD = dict(attrs)
        baseuri = attrsD.get('xml:base', attrsD.get('base')) or self.baseuri
        if not isinstance(baseuri, str):
            baseuri = baseuri.decode(self.encoding, 'ignore')
        # ensure that self.baseuri is always an absolute URI that
        # uses a whitelisted URI scheme (e.g. not `javscript:`)
        if self.baseuri:
            self.baseuri = _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(self.baseuri, baseuri) or self.baseuri
        else:
            self.baseuri = _urljoin(self.baseuri, baseuri)
        lang = attrsD.get('xml:lang', attrsD.get('lang'))
        if lang == '':
            # xml:lang could be explicitly set to '', we need to capture that
            lang = None
        elif lang is None:
            # if no xml:lang is specified, use parent lang
            lang = self.lang
        if lang:
            if tag in ('feed', 'rss', 'rdf:RDF'):
                self.feeddata['language'] = lang.replace('_','-')
        self.lang = lang
        self.basestack.append(self.baseuri)
        self.langstack.append(lang)

        # track namespaces
        for prefix, uri in attrs:
            if prefix.startswith('xmlns:'):
                self.trackNamespace(prefix[6:], uri)
            elif prefix == 'xmlns':
                self.trackNamespace(None, uri)

        # track inline content
        if self.incontent and not self.contentparams.get('type', 'xml').endswith('xml'):
            if tag in ('xhtml:div', 'div'):
                return # typepad does this 10/2007
            # element declared itself as escaped markup, but it isn't really
            self.contentparams['type'] = 'application/xhtml+xml'
        if self.incontent and self.contentparams.get('type') == 'application/xhtml+xml':
            if tag.find(':') != -1:
                prefix, tag = tag.split(':', 1)
                namespace = self.namespacesInUse.get(prefix, '')
                if tag=='math' and namespace=='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML':
                    attrs.append(('xmlns',namespace))
                if tag=='svg' and namespace=='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg':
                    attrs.append(('xmlns',namespace))
            if tag == 'svg':
                self.svgOK += 1
            return self.handle_data('<%s%s>' % (tag, self.strattrs(attrs)), escape=0)

        # match namespaces
        if tag.find(':') != -1:
            prefix, suffix = tag.split(':', 1)
        else:
            prefix, suffix = '', tag
        prefix = self.namespacemap.get(prefix, prefix)
        if prefix:
            prefix = prefix + '_'

        # special hack for better tracking of empty textinput/image elements in illformed feeds
        if (not prefix) and tag not in ('title', 'link', 'description', 'name'):
            self.intextinput = 0
        if (not prefix) and tag not in ('title', 'link', 'description', 'url', 'href', 'width', 'height'):
            self.inimage = 0

        # call special handler (if defined) or default handler
        methodname = '_start_' + prefix + suffix
        try:
            method = getattr(self, methodname)
            return method(attrsD)
        except AttributeError:
            # Since there's no handler or something has gone wrong we explicitly add the element and its attributes
            unknown_tag = prefix + suffix
            if len(attrsD) == 0:
                # No attributes so merge it into the encosing dictionary
                return self.push(unknown_tag, 1)
            else:
                # Has attributes so create it in its own dictionary
                context = self._getContext()
                context[unknown_tag] = attrsD

    def unknown_endtag(self, tag):
        # match namespaces
        if tag.find(':') != -1:
            prefix, suffix = tag.split(':', 1)
        else:
            prefix, suffix = '', tag
        prefix = self.namespacemap.get(prefix, prefix)
        if prefix:
            prefix = prefix + '_'
        if suffix == 'svg' and self.svgOK:
            self.svgOK -= 1

        # call special handler (if defined) or default handler
        methodname = '_end_' + prefix + suffix
        try:
            if self.svgOK:
                raise AttributeError()
            method = getattr(self, methodname)
            method()
        except AttributeError:
            self.pop(prefix + suffix)

        # track inline content
        if self.incontent and not self.contentparams.get('type', 'xml').endswith('xml'):
            # element declared itself as escaped markup, but it isn't really
            if tag in ('xhtml:div', 'div'):
                return # typepad does this 10/2007
            self.contentparams['type'] = 'application/xhtml+xml'
        if self.incontent and self.contentparams.get('type') == 'application/xhtml+xml':
            tag = tag.split(':')[-1]
            self.handle_data('</%s>' % tag, escape=0)

        # track xml:base and xml:lang going out of scope
        if self.basestack:
            self.basestack.pop()
            if self.basestack and self.basestack[-1]:
                self.baseuri = self.basestack[-1]
        if self.langstack:
            self.langstack.pop()
            if self.langstack: # and (self.langstack[-1] is not None):
                self.lang = self.langstack[-1]

        self.depth -= 1

    def handle_charref(self, ref):
        # called for each character reference, e.g. for '&#160;', ref will be '160'
        if not self.elementstack:
            return
        ref = ref.lower()
        if ref in ('34', '38', '39', '60', '62', 'x22', 'x26', 'x27', 'x3c', 'x3e'):
            text = '&#%s;' % ref
        else:
            if ref[0] == 'x':
                c = int(ref[1:], 16)
            else:
                c = int(ref)
            text = chr(c).encode('utf-8')
        self.elementstack[-1][2].append(text)

    def handle_entityref(self, ref):
        # called for each entity reference, e.g. for '&copy;', ref will be 'copy'
        if not self.elementstack:
            return
        if ref in ('lt', 'gt', 'quot', 'amp', 'apos'):
            text = '&%s;' % ref
        elif ref in self.entities:
            text = self.entities[ref]
            if text.startswith('&#') and text.endswith(';'):
                return self.handle_entityref(text)
        else:
            try:
                name2codepoint[ref]
            except KeyError:
                text = '&%s;' % ref
            else:
                text = chr(name2codepoint[ref]).encode('utf-8')
        self.elementstack[-1][2].append(text)

    def handle_data(self, text, escape=1):
        # called for each block of plain text, i.e. outside of any tag and
        # not containing any character or entity references
        if not self.elementstack:
            return
        if escape and self.contentparams.get('type') == 'application/xhtml+xml':
            text = _xmlescape(text)
        self.elementstack[-1][2].append(text)

    def handle_comment(self, text):
        # called for each comment, e.g. <!-- insert message here -->
        pass

    def handle_pi(self, text):
        # called for each processing instruction, e.g. <?instruction>
        pass

    def handle_decl(self, text):
        pass

    def parse_declaration(self, i):
        # override internal declaration handler to handle CDATA blocks
        if self.rawdata[i:i+9] == '<![CDATA[':
            k = self.rawdata.find(']]>', i)
            if k == -1:
                # CDATA block began but didn't finish
                k = len(self.rawdata)
                return k
            self.handle_data(_xmlescape(self.rawdata[i+9:k]), 0)
            return k+3
        else:
            k = self.rawdata.find('>', i)
            if k >= 0:
                return k+1
            else:
                # We have an incomplete CDATA block.
                return k

    def mapContentType(self, contentType):
        contentType = contentType.lower()
        if contentType == 'text' or contentType == 'plain':
            contentType = 'text/plain'
        elif contentType == 'html':
            contentType = 'text/html'
        elif contentType == 'xhtml':
            contentType = 'application/xhtml+xml'
        return contentType

    def trackNamespace(self, prefix, uri):
        loweruri = uri.lower()
        if not self.version:
            if (prefix, loweruri) == (None, 'http://my.netscape.com/rdf/simple/0.9/'):
                self.version = 'rss090'
            elif loweruri == 'http://purl.org/rss/1.0/':
                self.version = 'rss10'
            elif loweruri == 'http://www.w3.org/2005/atom':
                self.version = 'atom10'
        if loweruri.find('backend.userland.com/rss') != -1:
            # match any backend.userland.com namespace
            uri = 'http://backend.userland.com/rss'
            loweruri = uri
        if loweruri in self._matchnamespaces:
            self.namespacemap[prefix] = self._matchnamespaces[loweruri]
            self.namespacesInUse[self._matchnamespaces[loweruri]] = uri
        else:
            self.namespacesInUse[prefix or ''] = uri

    def resolveURI(self, uri):
        return _urljoin(self.baseuri or '', uri)

    def decodeEntities(self, element, data):
        return data

    def strattrs(self, attrs):
        return ''.join([' %s="%s"' % (t[0],_xmlescape(t[1],{'"':'&quot;'})) for t in attrs])

    def push(self, element, expectingText):
        self.elementstack.append([element, expectingText, []])

    def pop(self, element, stripWhitespace=1):
        if not self.elementstack:
            return
        if self.elementstack[-1][0] != element:
            return

        element, expectingText, pieces = self.elementstack.pop()

        if self.version == 'atom10' and self.contentparams.get('type', 'text') == 'application/xhtml+xml':
            # remove enclosing child element, but only if it is a <div> and
            # only if all the remaining content is nested underneath it.
            # This means that the divs would be retained in the following:
            #    <div>foo</div><div>bar</div>
            while pieces and len(pieces)>1 and not pieces[-1].strip():
                del pieces[-1]
            while pieces and len(pieces)>1 and not pieces[0].strip():
                del pieces[0]
            if pieces and (pieces[0] == '<div>' or pieces[0].startswith('<div ')) and pieces[-1]=='</div>':
                depth = 0
                for piece in pieces[:-1]:
                    if piece.startswith('</'):
                        depth -= 1
                        if depth == 0:
                            break
                    elif piece.startswith('<') and not piece.endswith('/>'):
                        depth += 1
                else:
                    pieces = pieces[1:-1]

        # Ensure each piece is a str for Python 3
        for (i, v) in enumerate(pieces):
            if not isinstance(v, str):
                pieces[i] = v.decode('utf-8')

        output = ''.join(pieces)
        if stripWhitespace:
            output = output.strip()
        if not expectingText:
            return output

        # decode base64 content
        if base64 and self.contentparams.get('base64', 0):
            try:
                output = _base64decode(output)
            except binascii.Error:
                pass
            except binascii.Incomplete:
                pass
            except TypeError:
                # In Python 3, base64 takes and outputs bytes, not str
                # This may not be the most correct way to accomplish this
                output = _base64decode(output.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')

        # resolve relative URIs
        if (element in self.can_be_relative_uri) and output:
            output = self.resolveURI(output)

        # decode entities within embedded markup
        if not self.contentparams.get('base64', 0):
            output = self.decodeEntities(element, output)

        # some feed formats require consumers to guess
        # whether the content is html or plain text
        if not self.version.startswith('atom') and self.contentparams.get('type') == 'text/plain':
            if self.lookslikehtml(output):
                self.contentparams['type'] = 'text/html'

        # remove temporary cruft from contentparams
        try:
            del self.contentparams['mode']
        except KeyError:
            pass
        try:
            del self.contentparams['base64']
        except KeyError:
            pass

        is_htmlish = self.mapContentType(self.contentparams.get('type', 'text/html')) in self.html_types
        # resolve relative URIs within embedded markup
        if is_htmlish and RESOLVE_RELATIVE_URIS:
            if element in self.can_contain_relative_uris:
                output = _resolveRelativeURIs(output, self.baseuri, self.encoding, self.contentparams.get('type', 'text/html'))

        # parse microformats
        # (must do this before sanitizing because some microformats
        # rely on elements that we sanitize)
        if PARSE_MICROFORMATS and is_htmlish and element in ['content', 'description', 'summary']:
            mfresults = _parseMicroformats(output, self.baseuri, self.encoding)
            if mfresults:
                for tag in mfresults.get('tags', []):
                    self._addTag(tag['term'], tag['scheme'], tag['label'])
                for enclosure in mfresults.get('enclosures', []):
                    self._start_enclosure(enclosure)
                for xfn in mfresults.get('xfn', []):
                    self._addXFN(xfn['relationships'], xfn['href'], xfn['name'])
                vcard = mfresults.get('vcard')
                if vcard:
                    self._getContext()['vcard'] = vcard

        # sanitize embedded markup
        if is_htmlish and SANITIZE_HTML:
            if element in self.can_contain_dangerous_markup:
                output = _sanitizeHTML(output, self.encoding, self.contentparams.get('type', 'text/html'))

        if self.encoding and not isinstance(output, str):
            output = output.decode(self.encoding, 'ignore')

        # address common error where people take data that is already
        # utf-8, presume that it is iso-8859-1, and re-encode it.
        if self.encoding in ('utf-8', 'utf-8_INVALID_PYTHON_3') and isinstance(output, str):
            try:
                output = output.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('utf-8')
            except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
                pass

        # map win-1252 extensions to the proper code points
        if isinstance(output, str):
            output = output.translate(_cp1252)

        # categories/tags/keywords/whatever are handled in _end_category
        if element == 'category':
            return output

        if element == 'title' and -1 < self.title_depth <= self.depth:
            return output

        # store output in appropriate place(s)
        if self.inentry and not self.insource:
            if element == 'content':
                self.entries[-1].setdefault(element, [])
                contentparams = copy.deepcopy(self.contentparams)
                contentparams['value'] = output
                self.entries[-1][element].append(contentparams)
            elif element == 'link':
                if not self.inimage:
                    # query variables in urls in link elements are improperly
                    # converted from `?a=1&b=2` to `?a=1&b;=2` as if they're
                    # unhandled character references. fix this special case.
                    output = re.sub("&([A-Za-z0-9_]+);", "&\g<1>", output)
                    self.entries[-1][element] = output
                    if output:
                        self.entries[-1]['links'][-1]['href'] = output
            else:
                if element == 'description':
                    element = 'summary'
                old_value_depth = self.property_depth_map.setdefault(self.entries[-1], {}).get(element)
                if old_value_depth is None or self.depth <= old_value_depth:
                    self.property_depth_map[self.entries[-1]][element] = self.depth
                    self.entries[-1][element] = output
                if self.incontent:
                    contentparams = copy.deepcopy(self.contentparams)
                    contentparams['value'] = output
                    self.entries[-1][element + '_detail'] = contentparams
        elif (self.infeed or self.insource):# and (not self.intextinput) and (not self.inimage):
            context = self._getContext()
            if element == 'description':
                element = 'subtitle'
            context[element] = output
            if element == 'link':
                # fix query variables; see above for the explanation
                output = re.sub("&([A-Za-z0-9_]+);", "&\g<1>", output)
                context[element] = output
                context['links'][-1]['href'] = output
            elif self.incontent:
                contentparams = copy.deepcopy(self.contentparams)
                contentparams['value'] = output
                context[element + '_detail'] = contentparams
        return output

    def pushContent(self, tag, attrsD, defaultContentType, expectingText):
        self.incontent += 1
        if self.lang:
            self.lang=self.lang.replace('_','-')
        self.contentparams = FeedParserDict({
            'type': self.mapContentType(attrsD.get('type', defaultContentType)),
            'language': self.lang,
            'base': self.baseuri})
        self.contentparams['base64'] = self._isBase64(attrsD, self.contentparams)
        self.push(tag, expectingText)

    def popContent(self, tag):
        value = self.pop(tag)
        self.incontent -= 1
        self.contentparams.clear()
        return value

    # a number of elements in a number of RSS variants are nominally plain
    # text, but this is routinely ignored.  This is an attempt to detect
    # the most common cases.  As false positives often result in silent
    # data loss, this function errs on the conservative side.
    @staticmethod
    def lookslikehtml(s):
        # must have a close tag or an entity reference to qualify
        if not (re.search(r'</(\w+)>',s) or re.search("&#?\w+;",s)):
            return

        # all tags must be in a restricted subset of valid HTML tags
        if [t for t in re.findall(r'</?(\w+)',s) if t.lower() not in _HTMLSanitizer.acceptable_elements]:
            return

        # all entities must have been defined as valid HTML entities
        if [e for e in re.findall(r'&(\w+);', s) if e not in list(entitydefs.keys())]:
            return

        return 1

    def _mapToStandardPrefix(self, name):
        colonpos = name.find(':')
        if colonpos != -1:
            prefix = name[:colonpos]
            suffix = name[colonpos+1:]
            prefix = self.namespacemap.get(prefix, prefix)
            name = prefix + ':' + suffix
        return name

    def _getAttribute(self, attrsD, name):
        return attrsD.get(self._mapToStandardPrefix(name))

    def _isBase64(self, attrsD, contentparams):
        if attrsD.get('mode', '') == 'base64':
            return 1
        if self.contentparams['type'].startswith('text/'):
            return 0
        if self.contentparams['type'].endswith('+xml'):
            return 0
        if self.contentparams['type'].endswith('/xml'):
            return 0
        return 1

    def _itsAnHrefDamnIt(self, attrsD):
        href = attrsD.get('url', attrsD.get('uri', attrsD.get('href', None)))
        if href:
            try:
                del attrsD['url']
            except KeyError:
                pass
            try:
                del attrsD['uri']
            except KeyError:
                pass
            attrsD['href'] = href
        return attrsD

    def _save(self, key, value, overwrite=False):
        context = self._getContext()
        if overwrite:
            context[key] = value
        else:
            context.setdefault(key, value)

    def _start_rss(self, attrsD):
        versionmap = {'0.91': 'rss091u',
                      '0.92': 'rss092',
                      '0.93': 'rss093',
                      '0.94': 'rss094'}
        #If we're here then this is an RSS feed.
        #If we don't have a version or have a version that starts with something
        #other than RSS then there's been a mistake. Correct it.
        if not self.version or not self.version.startswith('rss'):
            attr_version = attrsD.get('version', '')
            version = versionmap.get(attr_version)
            if version:
                self.version = version
            elif attr_version.startswith('2.'):
                self.version = 'rss20'
            else:
                self.version = 'rss'

    def _start_channel(self, attrsD):
        self.infeed = 1
        self._cdf_common(attrsD)

    def _cdf_common(self, attrsD):
        if 'lastmod' in attrsD:
            self._start_modified({})
            self.elementstack[-1][-1] = attrsD['lastmod']
            self._end_modified()
        if 'href' in attrsD:
            self._start_link({})
            self.elementstack[-1][-1] = attrsD['href']
            self._end_link()

    def _start_feed(self, attrsD):
        self.infeed = 1
        versionmap = {'0.1': 'atom01',
                      '0.2': 'atom02',
                      '0.3': 'atom03'}
        if not self.version:
            attr_version = attrsD.get('version')
            version = versionmap.get(attr_version)
            if version:
                self.version = version
            else:
                self.version = 'atom'

    def _end_channel(self):
        self.infeed = 0
    _end_feed = _end_channel

    def _start_image(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        if not self.inentry:
            context.setdefault('image', FeedParserDict())
        self.inimage = 1
        self.title_depth = -1
        self.push('image', 0)

    def _end_image(self):
        self.pop('image')
        self.inimage = 0

    def _start_textinput(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('textinput', FeedParserDict())
        self.intextinput = 1
        self.title_depth = -1
        self.push('textinput', 0)
    _start_textInput = _start_textinput

    def _end_textinput(self):
        self.pop('textinput')
        self.intextinput = 0
    _end_textInput = _end_textinput

    def _start_author(self, attrsD):
        self.inauthor = 1
        self.push('author', 1)
        # Append a new FeedParserDict when expecting an author
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('authors', [])
        context['authors'].append(FeedParserDict())
    _start_managingeditor = _start_author
    _start_dc_author = _start_author
    _start_dc_creator = _start_author
    _start_itunes_author = _start_author

    def _end_author(self):
        self.pop('author')
        self.inauthor = 0
        self._sync_author_detail()
    _end_managingeditor = _end_author
    _end_dc_author = _end_author
    _end_dc_creator = _end_author
    _end_itunes_author = _end_author

    def _start_itunes_owner(self, attrsD):
        self.inpublisher = 1
        self.push('publisher', 0)

    def _end_itunes_owner(self):
        self.pop('publisher')
        self.inpublisher = 0
        self._sync_author_detail('publisher')

    def _start_contributor(self, attrsD):
        self.incontributor = 1
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('contributors', [])
        context['contributors'].append(FeedParserDict())
        self.push('contributor', 0)

    def _end_contributor(self):
        self.pop('contributor')
        self.incontributor = 0

    def _start_dc_contributor(self, attrsD):
        self.incontributor = 1
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('contributors', [])
        context['contributors'].append(FeedParserDict())
        self.push('name', 0)

    def _end_dc_contributor(self):
        self._end_name()
        self.incontributor = 0

    def _start_name(self, attrsD):
        self.push('name', 0)
    _start_itunes_name = _start_name

    def _end_name(self):
        value = self.pop('name')
        if self.inpublisher:
            self._save_author('name', value, 'publisher')
        elif self.inauthor:
            self._save_author('name', value)
        elif self.incontributor:
            self._save_contributor('name', value)
        elif self.intextinput:
            context = self._getContext()
            context['name'] = value
    _end_itunes_name = _end_name

    def _start_width(self, attrsD):
        self.push('width', 0)

    def _end_width(self):
        value = self.pop('width')
        try:
            value = int(value)
        except ValueError:
            value = 0
        if self.inimage:
            context = self._getContext()
            context['width'] = value

    def _start_height(self, attrsD):
        self.push('height', 0)

    def _end_height(self):
        value = self.pop('height')
        try:
            value = int(value)
        except ValueError:
            value = 0
        if self.inimage:
            context = self._getContext()
            context['height'] = value

    def _start_url(self, attrsD):
        self.push('href', 1)
    _start_homepage = _start_url
    _start_uri = _start_url

    def _end_url(self):
        value = self.pop('href')
        if self.inauthor:
            self._save_author('href', value)
        elif self.incontributor:
            self._save_contributor('href', value)
    _end_homepage = _end_url
    _end_uri = _end_url

    def _start_email(self, attrsD):
        self.push('email', 0)
    _start_itunes_email = _start_email

    def _end_email(self):
        value = self.pop('email')
        if self.inpublisher:
            self._save_author('email', value, 'publisher')
        elif self.inauthor:
            self._save_author('email', value)
        elif self.incontributor:
            self._save_contributor('email', value)
    _end_itunes_email = _end_email

    def _getContext(self):
        if self.insource:
            context = self.sourcedata
        elif self.inimage and 'image' in self.feeddata:
            context = self.feeddata['image']
        elif self.intextinput:
            context = self.feeddata['textinput']
        elif self.inentry:
            context = self.entries[-1]
        else:
            context = self.feeddata
        return context

    def _save_author(self, key, value, prefix='author'):
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault(prefix + '_detail', FeedParserDict())
        context[prefix + '_detail'][key] = value
        self._sync_author_detail()
        context.setdefault('authors', [FeedParserDict()])
        context['authors'][-1][key] = value

    def _save_contributor(self, key, value):
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('contributors', [FeedParserDict()])
        context['contributors'][-1][key] = value

    def _sync_author_detail(self, key='author'):
        context = self._getContext()
        detail = context.get('%s_detail' % key)
        if detail:
            name = detail.get('name')
            email = detail.get('email')
            if name and email:
                context[key] = '%s (%s)' % (name, email)
            elif name:
                context[key] = name
            elif email:
                context[key] = email
        else:
            author, email = context.get(key), None
            if not author:
                return
            emailmatch = re.search(r'''(([a-zA-Z0-9\_\-\.\+]+)@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.)|(([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(\]?))(\?subject=\S+)?''', author)
            if emailmatch:
                email = emailmatch.group(0)
                # probably a better way to do the following, but it passes all the tests
                author = author.replace(email, '')
                author = author.replace('()', '')
                author = author.replace('<>', '')
                author = author.replace('&lt;&gt;', '')
                author = author.strip()
                if author and (author[0] == '('):
                    author = author[1:]
                if author and (author[-1] == ')'):
                    author = author[:-1]
                author = author.strip()
            if author or email:
                context.setdefault('%s_detail' % key, FeedParserDict())
            if author:
                context['%s_detail' % key]['name'] = author
            if email:
                context['%s_detail' % key]['email'] = email

    def _start_subtitle(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('subtitle', attrsD, 'text/plain', 1)
    _start_tagline = _start_subtitle
    _start_itunes_subtitle = _start_subtitle

    def _end_subtitle(self):
        self.popContent('subtitle')
    _end_tagline = _end_subtitle
    _end_itunes_subtitle = _end_subtitle

    def _start_rights(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('rights', attrsD, 'text/plain', 1)
    _start_dc_rights = _start_rights
    _start_copyright = _start_rights

    def _end_rights(self):
        self.popContent('rights')
    _end_dc_rights = _end_rights
    _end_copyright = _end_rights

    def _start_item(self, attrsD):
        self.entries.append(FeedParserDict())
        self.push('item', 0)
        self.inentry = 1
        self.guidislink = 0
        self.title_depth = -1
        id = self._getAttribute(attrsD, 'rdf:about')
        if id:
            context = self._getContext()
            context['id'] = id
        self._cdf_common(attrsD)
    _start_entry = _start_item

    def _end_item(self):
        self.pop('item')
        self.inentry = 0
    _end_entry = _end_item

    def _start_dc_language(self, attrsD):
        self.push('language', 1)
    _start_language = _start_dc_language

    def _end_dc_language(self):
        self.lang = self.pop('language')
    _end_language = _end_dc_language

    def _start_dc_publisher(self, attrsD):
        self.push('publisher', 1)
    _start_webmaster = _start_dc_publisher

    def _end_dc_publisher(self):
        self.pop('publisher')
        self._sync_author_detail('publisher')
    _end_webmaster = _end_dc_publisher

    def _start_published(self, attrsD):
        self.push('published', 1)
    _start_dcterms_issued = _start_published
    _start_issued = _start_published
    _start_pubdate = _start_published

    def _end_published(self):
        value = self.pop('published')
        self._save('published_parsed', _parse_date(value), overwrite=True)
    _end_dcterms_issued = _end_published
    _end_issued = _end_published
    _end_pubdate = _end_published

    def _start_updated(self, attrsD):
        self.push('updated', 1)
    _start_modified = _start_updated
    _start_dcterms_modified = _start_updated
    _start_dc_date = _start_updated
    _start_lastbuilddate = _start_updated

    def _end_updated(self):
        value = self.pop('updated')
        parsed_value = _parse_date(value)
        self._save('updated_parsed', parsed_value, overwrite=True)
    _end_modified = _end_updated
    _end_dcterms_modified = _end_updated
    _end_dc_date = _end_updated
    _end_lastbuilddate = _end_updated

    def _start_created(self, attrsD):
        self.push('created', 1)
    _start_dcterms_created = _start_created

    def _end_created(self):
        value = self.pop('created')
        self._save('created_parsed', _parse_date(value), overwrite=True)
    _end_dcterms_created = _end_created

    def _start_expirationdate(self, attrsD):
        self.push('expired', 1)

    def _end_expirationdate(self):
        self._save('expired_parsed', _parse_date(self.pop('expired')), overwrite=True)

    def _start_cc_license(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        value = self._getAttribute(attrsD, 'rdf:resource')
        attrsD = FeedParserDict()
        attrsD['rel'] = 'license'
        if value:
            attrsD['href']=value
        context.setdefault('links', []).append(attrsD)

    def _start_creativecommons_license(self, attrsD):
        self.push('license', 1)
    _start_creativeCommons_license = _start_creativecommons_license

    def _end_creativecommons_license(self):
        value = self.pop('license')
        context = self._getContext()
        attrsD = FeedParserDict()
        attrsD['rel'] = 'license'
        if value:
            attrsD['href'] = value
        context.setdefault('links', []).append(attrsD)
        del context['license']
    _end_creativeCommons_license = _end_creativecommons_license

    def _addXFN(self, relationships, href, name):
        context = self._getContext()
        xfn = context.setdefault('xfn', [])
        value = FeedParserDict({'relationships': relationships, 'href': href, 'name': name})
        if value not in xfn:
            xfn.append(value)

    def _addTag(self, term, scheme, label):
        context = self._getContext()
        tags = context.setdefault('tags', [])
        if (not term) and (not scheme) and (not label):
            return
        value = FeedParserDict({'term': term, 'scheme': scheme, 'label': label})
        if value not in tags:
            tags.append(value)

    def _start_category(self, attrsD):
        term = attrsD.get('term')
        scheme = attrsD.get('scheme', attrsD.get('domain'))
        label = attrsD.get('label')
        self._addTag(term, scheme, label)
        self.push('category', 1)
    _start_dc_subject = _start_category
    _start_keywords = _start_category

    def _start_media_category(self, attrsD):
        attrsD.setdefault('scheme', 'http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/category_schema')
        self._start_category(attrsD)

    def _end_itunes_keywords(self):
        for term in self.pop('itunes_keywords').split(','):
            if term.strip():
                self._addTag(term.strip(), 'http://www.itunes.com/', None)

    def _start_itunes_category(self, attrsD):
        self._addTag(attrsD.get('text'), 'http://www.itunes.com/', None)
        self.push('category', 1)

    def _end_category(self):
        value = self.pop('category')
        if not value:
            return
        context = self._getContext()
        tags = context['tags']
        if value and len(tags) and not tags[-1]['term']:
            tags[-1]['term'] = value
        else:
            self._addTag(value, None, None)
    _end_dc_subject = _end_category
    _end_keywords = _end_category
    _end_itunes_category = _end_category
    _end_media_category = _end_category

    def _start_cloud(self, attrsD):
        self._getContext()['cloud'] = FeedParserDict(attrsD)

    def _start_link(self, attrsD):
        attrsD.setdefault('rel', 'alternate')
        if attrsD['rel'] == 'self':
            attrsD.setdefault('type', 'application/atom+xml')
        else:
            attrsD.setdefault('type', 'text/html')
        context = self._getContext()
        attrsD = self._itsAnHrefDamnIt(attrsD)
        if 'href' in attrsD:
            attrsD['href'] = self.resolveURI(attrsD['href'])
        expectingText = self.infeed or self.inentry or self.insource
        context.setdefault('links', [])
        if not (self.inentry and self.inimage):
            context['links'].append(FeedParserDict(attrsD))
        if 'href' in attrsD:
            expectingText = 0
            if (attrsD.get('rel') == 'alternate') and (self.mapContentType(attrsD.get('type')) in self.html_types):
                context['link'] = attrsD['href']
        else:
            self.push('link', expectingText)

    def _end_link(self):
        value = self.pop('link')

    def _start_guid(self, attrsD):
        self.guidislink = (attrsD.get('ispermalink', 'true') == 'true')
        self.push('id', 1)
    _start_id = _start_guid

    def _end_guid(self):
        value = self.pop('id')
        self._save('guidislink', self.guidislink and 'link' not in self._getContext())
        if self.guidislink:
            # guid acts as link, but only if 'ispermalink' is not present or is 'true',
            # and only if the item doesn't already have a link element
            self._save('link', value)
    _end_id = _end_guid

    def _start_title(self, attrsD):
        if self.svgOK:
            return self.unknown_starttag('title', list(attrsD.items()))
        self.pushContent('title', attrsD, 'text/plain', self.infeed or self.inentry or self.insource)
    _start_dc_title = _start_title
    _start_media_title = _start_title

    def _end_title(self):
        if self.svgOK:
            return
        value = self.popContent('title')
        if not value:
            return
        self.title_depth = self.depth
    _end_dc_title = _end_title

    def _end_media_title(self):
        title_depth = self.title_depth
        self._end_title()
        self.title_depth = title_depth

    def _start_description(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        if 'summary' in context:
            self._summaryKey = 'content'
            self._start_content(attrsD)
        else:
            self.pushContent('description', attrsD, 'text/html', self.infeed or self.inentry or self.insource)
    _start_dc_description = _start_description

    def _start_abstract(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('description', attrsD, 'text/plain', self.infeed or self.inentry or self.insource)

    def _end_description(self):
        if self._summaryKey == 'content':
            self._end_content()
        else:
            value = self.popContent('description')
        self._summaryKey = None
    _end_abstract = _end_description
    _end_dc_description = _end_description

    def _start_info(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('info', attrsD, 'text/plain', 1)
    _start_feedburner_browserfriendly = _start_info

    def _end_info(self):
        self.popContent('info')
    _end_feedburner_browserfriendly = _end_info

    def _start_generator(self, attrsD):
        if attrsD:
            attrsD = self._itsAnHrefDamnIt(attrsD)
            if 'href' in attrsD:
                attrsD['href'] = self.resolveURI(attrsD['href'])
        self._getContext()['generator_detail'] = FeedParserDict(attrsD)
        self.push('generator', 1)

    def _end_generator(self):
        value = self.pop('generator')
        context = self._getContext()
        if 'generator_detail' in context:
            context['generator_detail']['name'] = value

    def _start_admin_generatoragent(self, attrsD):
        self.push('generator', 1)
        value = self._getAttribute(attrsD, 'rdf:resource')
        if value:
            self.elementstack[-1][2].append(value)
        self.pop('generator')
        self._getContext()['generator_detail'] = FeedParserDict({'href': value})

    def _start_admin_errorreportsto(self, attrsD):
        self.push('errorreportsto', 1)
        value = self._getAttribute(attrsD, 'rdf:resource')
        if value:
            self.elementstack[-1][2].append(value)
        self.pop('errorreportsto')

    def _start_summary(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        if 'summary' in context:
            self._summaryKey = 'content'
            self._start_content(attrsD)
        else:
            self._summaryKey = 'summary'
            self.pushContent(self._summaryKey, attrsD, 'text/plain', 1)
    _start_itunes_summary = _start_summary

    def _end_summary(self):
        if self._summaryKey == 'content':
            self._end_content()
        else:
            self.popContent(self._summaryKey or 'summary')
        self._summaryKey = None
    _end_itunes_summary = _end_summary

    def _start_enclosure(self, attrsD):
        attrsD = self._itsAnHrefDamnIt(attrsD)
        context = self._getContext()
        attrsD['rel'] = 'enclosure'
        context.setdefault('links', []).append(FeedParserDict(attrsD))

    def _start_source(self, attrsD):
        if 'url' in attrsD:
            # This means that we're processing a source element from an RSS 2.0 feed
            self.sourcedata['href'] = attrsD['url']
        self.push('source', 1)
        self.insource = 1
        self.title_depth = -1

    def _end_source(self):
        self.insource = 0
        value = self.pop('source')
        if value:
            self.sourcedata['title'] = value
        self._getContext()['source'] = copy.deepcopy(self.sourcedata)
        self.sourcedata.clear()

    def _start_content(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('content', attrsD, 'text/plain', 1)
        src = attrsD.get('src')
        if src:
            self.contentparams['src'] = src
        self.push('content', 1)

    def _start_body(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('content', attrsD, 'application/xhtml+xml', 1)
    _start_xhtml_body = _start_body

    def _start_content_encoded(self, attrsD):
        self.pushContent('content', attrsD, 'text/html', 1)
    _start_fullitem = _start_content_encoded

    def _end_content(self):
        copyToSummary = self.mapContentType(self.contentparams.get('type')) in (['text/plain'] + self.html_types)
        value = self.popContent('content')
        if copyToSummary:
            self._save('summary', value)

    _end_body = _end_content
    _end_xhtml_body = _end_content
    _end_content_encoded = _end_content
    _end_fullitem = _end_content

    def _start_itunes_image(self, attrsD):
        self.push('itunes_image', 0)
        if attrsD.get('href'):
            self._getContext()['image'] = FeedParserDict({'href': attrsD.get('href')})
        elif attrsD.get('url'):
            self._getContext()['image'] = FeedParserDict({'href': attrsD.get('url')})
    _start_itunes_link = _start_itunes_image

    def _end_itunes_block(self):
        value = self.pop('itunes_block', 0)
        self._getContext()['itunes_block'] = (value == 'yes') and 1 or 0

    def _end_itunes_explicit(self):
        value = self.pop('itunes_explicit', 0)
        # Convert 'yes' -> True, 'clean' to False, and any other value to None
        # False and None both evaluate as False, so the difference can be ignored
        # by applications that only need to know if the content is explicit.
        self._getContext()['itunes_explicit'] = (None, False, True)[(value == 'yes' and 2) or value == 'clean' or 0]

    def _start_media_content(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('media_content', [])
        context['media_content'].append(attrsD)

    def _start_media_thumbnail(self, attrsD):
        context = self._getContext()
        context.setdefault('media_thumbnail', [])
        self.push('url', 1) # new
        context['media_thumbnail'].append(attrsD)

    def _end_media_thumbnail(self):
        url = self.pop('url')
        context = self._getContext()
        if url != None and len(url.strip()) != 0:
            if 'url' not in context['media_thumbnail'][-1]:
                context['media_thumbnail'][-1]['url'] = url

    def _start_media_player(self, attrsD):
        self.push('media_player', 0)
        self._getContext()['media_player'] = FeedParserDict(attrsD)

    def _end_media_player(self):
        value = self.pop('media_player')
        context = self._getContext()
        context['media_player']['content'] = value

    def _start_newlocation(self, attrsD):
        self.push('newlocation', 1)

    def _end_newlocation(self):
        url = self.pop('newlocation')
        context = self._getContext()
        # don't set newlocation if the context isn't right
        if context is not self.feeddata:
            return
        context['newlocation'] = _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(self.baseuri, url.strip())

if _XML_AVAILABLE:
    class _StrictFeedParser(_FeedParserMixin, xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler):
        def __init__(self, baseuri, baselang, encoding):
            xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.__init__(self)
            _FeedParserMixin.__init__(self, baseuri, baselang, encoding)
            self.bozo = 0
            self.exc = None
            self.decls = {}

        def startPrefixMapping(self, prefix, uri):
            if not uri:
                return
            # Jython uses '' instead of None; standardize on None
            prefix = prefix or None
            self.trackNamespace(prefix, uri)
            if prefix and uri == 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink':
                self.decls['xmlns:' + prefix] = uri

        def startElementNS(self, name, qname, attrs):
            namespace, localname = name
            lowernamespace = str(namespace or '').lower()
            if lowernamespace.find('backend.userland.com/rss') != -1:
                # match any backend.userland.com namespace
                namespace = 'http://backend.userland.com/rss'
                lowernamespace = namespace
            if qname and qname.find(':') > 0:
                givenprefix = qname.split(':')[0]
            else:
                givenprefix = None
            prefix = self._matchnamespaces.get(lowernamespace, givenprefix)
            if givenprefix and (prefix == None or (prefix == '' and lowernamespace == '')) and givenprefix not in self.namespacesInUse:
                raise UndeclaredNamespace("'%s' is not associated with a namespace" % givenprefix)
            localname = str(localname).lower()

            # qname implementation is horribly broken in Python 2.1 (it
            # doesn't report any), and slightly broken in Python 2.2 (it
            # doesn't report the xml: namespace). So we match up namespaces
            # with a known list first, and then possibly override them with
            # the qnames the SAX parser gives us (if indeed it gives us any
            # at all).  Thanks to MatejC for helping me test this and
            # tirelessly telling me that it didn't work yet.
            attrsD, self.decls = self.decls, {}
            if localname=='math' and namespace=='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML':
                attrsD['xmlns']=namespace
            if localname=='svg' and namespace=='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg':
                attrsD['xmlns']=namespace

            if prefix:
                localname = prefix.lower() + ':' + localname
            elif namespace and not qname: #Expat
                for name,value in list(self.namespacesInUse.items()):
                    if name and value == namespace:
                        localname = name + ':' + localname
                        break

            for (namespace, attrlocalname), attrvalue in list(attrs.items()):
                lowernamespace = (namespace or '').lower()
                prefix = self._matchnamespaces.get(lowernamespace, '')
                if prefix:
                    attrlocalname = prefix + ':' + attrlocalname
                attrsD[str(attrlocalname).lower()] = attrvalue
            for qname in attrs.getQNames():
                attrsD[str(qname).lower()] = attrs.getValueByQName(qname)
            self.unknown_starttag(localname, list(attrsD.items()))

        def characters(self, text):
            self.handle_data(text)

        def endElementNS(self, name, qname):
            namespace, localname = name
            lowernamespace = str(namespace or '').lower()
            if qname and qname.find(':') > 0:
                givenprefix = qname.split(':')[0]
            else:
                givenprefix = ''
            prefix = self._matchnamespaces.get(lowernamespace, givenprefix)
            if prefix:
                localname = prefix + ':' + localname
            elif namespace and not qname: #Expat
                for name,value in list(self.namespacesInUse.items()):
                    if name and value == namespace:
                        localname = name + ':' + localname
                        break
            localname = str(localname).lower()
            self.unknown_endtag(localname)

        def error(self, exc):
            self.bozo = 1
            self.exc = exc

        # drv_libxml2 calls warning() in some cases
        warning = error

        def fatalError(self, exc):
            self.error(exc)
            raise exc

class _BaseHTMLProcessor(sgmllib.SGMLParser):
    special = re.compile('''[<>'"]''')
    bare_ampersand = re.compile("&(?!#\d+;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]+;|\w+;)")
    elements_no_end_tag = set([
      'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed', 'frame',
      'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'keygen', 'link', 'meta', 'param',
      'source', 'track', 'wbr'
    ])

    def __init__(self, encoding, _type):
        self.encoding = encoding
        self._type = _type
        sgmllib.SGMLParser.__init__(self)

    def reset(self):
        self.pieces = []
        sgmllib.SGMLParser.reset(self)

    def _shorttag_replace(self, match):
        tag = match.group(1)
        if tag in self.elements_no_end_tag:
            return '<' + tag + ' />'
        else:
            return '<' + tag + '></' + tag + '>'

    # By declaring these methods and overriding their compiled code
    # with the code from sgmllib, the original code will execute in
    # feedparser's scope instead of sgmllib's. This means that the
    # `tagfind` and `charref` regular expressions will be found as
    # they're declared above, not as they're declared in sgmllib.
    def goahead(self, i):
        pass
    goahead.__code__ = sgmllib.SGMLParser.goahead.__code__

    def __parse_starttag(self, i):
        pass
    __parse_starttag.__code__ = sgmllib.SGMLParser.parse_starttag.__code__

    def parse_starttag(self,i):
        j = self.__parse_starttag(i)
        if self._type == 'application/xhtml+xml':
            if j>2 and self.rawdata[j-2:j]=='/>':
                self.unknown_endtag(self.lasttag)
        return j

    def feed(self, data):
        data = re.compile(r'<!((?!DOCTYPE|--|\[))', re.IGNORECASE).sub(r'&lt;!\1', data)
        data = re.sub(r'<([^<>\s]+?)\s*/>', self._shorttag_replace, data)
        data = data.replace('&#39;', "'")
        data = data.replace('&#34;', '"')
        try:
            bytes
            if bytes is str:
                raise NameError
            self.encoding = self.encoding + '_INVALID_PYTHON_3'
        except NameError:
            if self.encoding and isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode(self.encoding)
        sgmllib.SGMLParser.feed(self, data)
        sgmllib.SGMLParser.close(self)

    def normalize_attrs(self, attrs):
        if not attrs:
            return attrs
        # utility method to be called by descendants
        attrs = list(dict([(k.lower(), v) for k, v in attrs]).items())
        attrs = [(k, k in ('rel', 'type') and v.lower() or v) for k, v in attrs]
        attrs.sort()
        return attrs

    def unknown_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        # called for each start tag
        # attrs is a list of (attr, value) tuples
        # e.g. for <pre class='screen'>, tag='pre', attrs=[('class', 'screen')]
        uattrs = []
        strattrs=''
        if attrs:
            for key, value in attrs:
                value=value.replace('>','&gt;').replace('<','&lt;').replace('"','&quot;')
                value = self.bare_ampersand.sub("&amp;", value)
                # thanks to Kevin Marks for this breathtaking hack to deal with (valid) high-bit attribute values in UTF-8 feeds
                if not isinstance(value, str):
                    value = value.decode(self.encoding, 'ignore')
                try:
                    # Currently, in Python 3 the key is already a str, and cannot be decoded again
                    uattrs.append((str(key, self.encoding), value))
                except TypeError:
                    uattrs.append((key, value))
            strattrs = ''.join([' %s="%s"' % (key, value) for key, value in uattrs])
            if self.encoding:
                try:
                    strattrs = strattrs.encode(self.encoding)
                except (UnicodeEncodeError, LookupError):
                    pass
        if tag in self.elements_no_end_tag:
            self.pieces.append('<%s%s />' % (tag, strattrs))
        else:
            self.pieces.append('<%s%s>' % (tag, strattrs))

    def unknown_endtag(self, tag):
        # called for each end tag, e.g. for </pre>, tag will be 'pre'
        # Reconstruct the original end tag.
        if tag not in self.elements_no_end_tag:
            self.pieces.append("</%s>" % tag)

    def handle_charref(self, ref):
        # called for each character reference, e.g. for '&#160;', ref will be '160'
        # Reconstruct the original character reference.
        ref = ref.lower()
        if ref.startswith('x'):
            value = int(ref[1:], 16)
        else:
            value = int(ref)

        if value in _cp1252:
            self.pieces.append('&#%s;' % hex(ord(_cp1252[value]))[1:])
        else:
            self.pieces.append('&#%s;' % ref)

    def handle_entityref(self, ref):
        # called for each entity reference, e.g. for '&copy;', ref will be 'copy'
        # Reconstruct the original entity reference.
        if ref in name2codepoint or ref == 'apos':
            self.pieces.append('&%s;' % ref)
        else:
            self.pieces.append('&amp;%s' % ref)

    def handle_data(self, text):
        # called for each block of plain text, i.e. outside of any tag and
        # not containing any character or entity references
        # Store the original text verbatim.
        self.pieces.append(text)

    def handle_comment(self, text):
        # called for each HTML comment, e.g. <!-- insert Javascript code here -->
        # Reconstruct the original comment.
        self.pieces.append('<!--%s-->' % text)

    def handle_pi(self, text):
        # called for each processing instruction, e.g. <?instruction>
        # Reconstruct original processing instruction.
        self.pieces.append('<?%s>' % text)

    def handle_decl(self, text):
        # called for the DOCTYPE, if present, e.g.
        # <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
        #     "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
        # Reconstruct original DOCTYPE
        self.pieces.append('<!%s>' % text)

    _new_declname_match = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z][-_.a-zA-Z0-9:]*\s*').match
    def _scan_name(self, i, declstartpos):
        rawdata = self.rawdata
        n = len(rawdata)
        if i == n:
            return None, -1
        m = self._new_declname_match(rawdata, i)
        if m:
            s = m.group()
            name = s.strip()
            if (i + len(s)) == n:
                return None, -1  # end of buffer
            return name.lower(), m.end()
        else:
            self.handle_data(rawdata)
#            self.updatepos(declstartpos, i)
            return None, -1

    def convert_charref(self, name):
        return '&#%s;' % name

    def convert_entityref(self, name):
        return '&%s;' % name

    def output(self):
        '''Return processed HTML as a single string'''
        return ''.join([str(p) for p in self.pieces])

    def parse_declaration(self, i):
        try:
            return sgmllib.SGMLParser.parse_declaration(self, i)
        except sgmllib.SGMLParseError:
            # escape the doctype declaration and continue parsing
            self.handle_data('&lt;')
            return i+1

class _LooseFeedParser(_FeedParserMixin, _BaseHTMLProcessor):
    def __init__(self, baseuri, baselang, encoding, entities):
        sgmllib.SGMLParser.__init__(self)
        _FeedParserMixin.__init__(self, baseuri, baselang, encoding)
        _BaseHTMLProcessor.__init__(self, encoding, 'application/xhtml+xml')
        self.entities=entities

    def decodeEntities(self, element, data):
        data = data.replace('&#60;', '&lt;')
        data = data.replace('&#x3c;', '&lt;')
        data = data.replace('&#x3C;', '&lt;')
        data = data.replace('&#62;', '&gt;')
        data = data.replace('&#x3e;', '&gt;')
        data = data.replace('&#x3E;', '&gt;')
        data = data.replace('&#38;', '&amp;')
        data = data.replace('&#x26;', '&amp;')
        data = data.replace('&#34;', '&quot;')
        data = data.replace('&#x22;', '&quot;')
        data = data.replace('&#39;', '&apos;')
        data = data.replace('&#x27;', '&apos;')
        if not self.contentparams.get('type', 'xml').endswith('xml'):
            data = data.replace('&lt;', '<')
            data = data.replace('&gt;', '>')
            data = data.replace('&amp;', '&')
            data = data.replace('&quot;', '"')
            data = data.replace('&apos;', "'")
        return data

    def strattrs(self, attrs):
        return ''.join([' %s="%s"' % (n,v.replace('"','&quot;')) for n,v in attrs])

class _MicroformatsParser:
    STRING = 1
    DATE = 2
    URI = 3
    NODE = 4
    EMAIL = 5

    known_xfn_relationships = set(['contact', 'acquaintance', 'friend', 'met', 'co-worker', 'coworker', 'colleague', 'co-resident', 'coresident', 'neighbor', 'child', 'parent', 'sibling', 'brother', 'sister', 'spouse', 'wife', 'husband', 'kin', 'relative', 'muse', 'crush', 'date', 'sweetheart', 'me'])
    known_binary_extensions =  set(['zip','rar','exe','gz','tar','tgz','tbz2','bz2','z','7z','dmg','img','sit','sitx','hqx','deb','rpm','bz2','jar','rar','iso','bin','msi','mp2','mp3','ogg','ogm','mp4','m4v','m4a','avi','wma','wmv'])

    def __init__(self, data, baseuri, encoding):
        self.document = BeautifulSoup.BeautifulSoup(data)
        self.baseuri = baseuri
        self.encoding = encoding
        if isinstance(data, str):
            data = data.encode(encoding)
        self.tags = []
        self.enclosures = []
        self.xfn = []
        self.vcard = None

    def vcardEscape(self, s):
        if isinstance(s, str):
            s = s.replace(',', '\\,').replace(';', '\\;').replace('\n', '\\n')
        return s

    def vcardFold(self, s):
        s = re.sub(';+$', '', s)
        sFolded = ''
        iMax = 75
        sPrefix = ''
        while len(s) > iMax:
            sFolded += sPrefix + s[:iMax] + '\n'
            s = s[iMax:]
            sPrefix = ' '
            iMax = 74
        sFolded += sPrefix + s
        return sFolded

    def normalize(self, s):
        return re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', s).strip()

    def unique(self, aList):
        results = []
        for element in aList:
            if element not in results:
                results.append(element)
        return results

    def toISO8601(self, dt):
        return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', dt)

    def getPropertyValue(self, elmRoot, sProperty, iPropertyType=4, bAllowMultiple=0, bAutoEscape=0):
        all = lambda x: 1
        sProperty = sProperty.lower()
        bFound = 0
        bNormalize = 1
        propertyMatch = {'class': re.compile(r'\b%s\b' % sProperty)}
        if bAllowMultiple and (iPropertyType != self.NODE):
            snapResults = []
            containers = elmRoot(['ul', 'ol'], propertyMatch)
            for container in containers:
                snapResults.extend(container('li'))
            bFound = (len(snapResults) != 0)
        if not bFound:
            snapResults = elmRoot(all, propertyMatch)
            bFound = (len(snapResults) != 0)
        if (not bFound) and (sProperty == 'value'):
            snapResults = elmRoot('pre')
            bFound = (len(snapResults) != 0)
            bNormalize = not bFound
            if not bFound:
                snapResults = [elmRoot]
                bFound = (len(snapResults) != 0)
        arFilter = []
        if sProperty == 'vcard':
            snapFilter = elmRoot(all, propertyMatch)
            for node in snapFilter:
                if node.findParent(all, propertyMatch):
                    arFilter.append(node)
        arResults = []
        for node in snapResults:
            if node not in arFilter:
                arResults.append(node)
        bFound = (len(arResults) != 0)
        if not bFound:
            if bAllowMultiple:
                return []
            elif iPropertyType == self.STRING:
                return ''
            elif iPropertyType == self.DATE:
                return None
            elif iPropertyType == self.URI:
                return ''
            elif iPropertyType == self.NODE:
                return None
            else:
                return None
        arValues = []
        for elmResult in arResults:
            sValue = None
            if iPropertyType == self.NODE:
                if bAllowMultiple:
                    arValues.append(elmResult)
                    continue
                else:
                    return elmResult
            sNodeName = elmResult.name.lower()
            if (iPropertyType == self.EMAIL) and (sNodeName == 'a'):
                sValue = (elmResult.get('href') or '').split('mailto:').pop().split('?')[0]
            if sValue:
                sValue = bNormalize and self.normalize(sValue) or sValue.strip()
            if (not sValue) and (sNodeName == 'abbr'):
                sValue = elmResult.get('title')
            if sValue:
                sValue = bNormalize and self.normalize(sValue) or sValue.strip()
            if (not sValue) and (iPropertyType == self.URI):
                if sNodeName == 'a':
                    sValue = elmResult.get('href')
                elif sNodeName == 'img':
                    sValue = elmResult.get('src')
                elif sNodeName == 'object':
                    sValue = elmResult.get('data')
            if sValue:
                sValue = bNormalize and self.normalize(sValue) or sValue.strip()
            if (not sValue) and (sNodeName == 'img'):
                sValue = elmResult.get('alt')
            if sValue:
                sValue = bNormalize and self.normalize(sValue) or sValue.strip()
            if not sValue:
                sValue = elmResult.renderContents()
                sValue = re.sub(r'<\S[^>]*>', '', sValue)
                sValue = sValue.replace('\r\n', '\n')
                sValue = sValue.replace('\r', '\n')
            if sValue:
                sValue = bNormalize and self.normalize(sValue) or sValue.strip()
            if not sValue:
                continue
            if iPropertyType == self.DATE:
                sValue = _parse_date_iso8601(sValue)
            if bAllowMultiple:
                arValues.append(bAutoEscape and self.vcardEscape(sValue) or sValue)
            else:
                return bAutoEscape and self.vcardEscape(sValue) or sValue
        return arValues

    def findVCards(self, elmRoot, bAgentParsing=0):
        sVCards = ''

        if not bAgentParsing:
            arCards = self.getPropertyValue(elmRoot, 'vcard', bAllowMultiple=1)
        else:
            arCards = [elmRoot]

        for elmCard in arCards:
            arLines = []

            def processSingleString(sProperty):
                sValue = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, sProperty, self.STRING, bAutoEscape=1).decode(self.encoding)
                if sValue:
                    arLines.append(self.vcardFold(sProperty.upper() + ':' + sValue))
                return sValue or ''

            def processSingleURI(sProperty):
                sValue = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, sProperty, self.URI)
                if sValue:
                    sContentType = ''
                    sEncoding = ''
                    sValueKey = ''
                    if sValue.startswith('data:'):
                        sEncoding = ';ENCODING=b'
                        sContentType = sValue.split(';')[0].split('/').pop()
                        sValue = sValue.split(',', 1).pop()
                    else:
                        elmValue = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, sProperty)
                        if elmValue:
                            if sProperty != 'url':
                                sValueKey = ';VALUE=uri'
                            sContentType = elmValue.get('type', '').strip().split('/').pop().strip()
                    sContentType = sContentType.upper()
                    if sContentType == 'OCTET-STREAM':
                        sContentType = ''
                    if sContentType:
                        sContentType = ';TYPE=' + sContentType.upper()
                    arLines.append(self.vcardFold(sProperty.upper() + sEncoding + sContentType + sValueKey + ':' + sValue))

            def processTypeValue(sProperty, arDefaultType, arForceType=None):
                arResults = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, sProperty, bAllowMultiple=1)
                for elmResult in arResults:
                    arType = self.getPropertyValue(elmResult, 'type', self.STRING, 1, 1)
                    if arForceType:
                        arType = self.unique(arForceType + arType)
                    if not arType:
                        arType = arDefaultType
                    sValue = self.getPropertyValue(elmResult, 'value', self.EMAIL, 0)
                    if sValue:
                        arLines.append(self.vcardFold(sProperty.upper() + ';TYPE=' + ','.join(arType) + ':' + sValue))

            # AGENT
            # must do this before all other properties because it is destructive
            # (removes nested class="vcard" nodes so they don't interfere with
            # this vcard's other properties)
            arAgent = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'agent', bAllowMultiple=1)
            for elmAgent in arAgent:
                if re.compile(r'\bvcard\b').search(elmAgent.get('class')):
                    sAgentValue = self.findVCards(elmAgent, 1) + '\n'
                    sAgentValue = sAgentValue.replace('\n', '\\n')
                    sAgentValue = sAgentValue.replace(';', '\\;')
                    if sAgentValue:
                        arLines.append(self.vcardFold('AGENT:' + sAgentValue))
                    # Completely remove the agent element from the parse tree
                    elmAgent.extract()
                else:
                    sAgentValue = self.getPropertyValue(elmAgent, 'value', self.URI, bAutoEscape=1);
                    if sAgentValue:
                        arLines.append(self.vcardFold('AGENT;VALUE=uri:' + sAgentValue))

            # FN (full name)
            sFN = processSingleString('fn')

            # N (name)
            elmName = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'n')
            if elmName:
                sFamilyName = self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'family-name', self.STRING, bAutoEscape=1)
                sGivenName = self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'given-name', self.STRING, bAutoEscape=1)
                arAdditionalNames = self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'additional-name', self.STRING, 1, 1) + self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'additional-names', self.STRING, 1, 1)
                arHonorificPrefixes = self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'honorific-prefix', self.STRING, 1, 1) + self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'honorific-prefixes', self.STRING, 1, 1)
                arHonorificSuffixes = self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'honorific-suffix', self.STRING, 1, 1) + self.getPropertyValue(elmName, 'honorific-suffixes', self.STRING, 1, 1)
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('N:' + sFamilyName + ';' +
                                         sGivenName + ';' +
                                         ','.join(arAdditionalNames) + ';' +
                                         ','.join(arHonorificPrefixes) + ';' +
                                         ','.join(arHonorificSuffixes)))
            elif sFN:
                # implied "N" optimization
                # http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22N.22_Optimization
                arNames = self.normalize(sFN).split()
                if len(arNames) == 2:
                    bFamilyNameFirst = (arNames[0].endswith(',') or
                                        len(arNames[1]) == 1 or
                                        ((len(arNames[1]) == 2) and (arNames[1].endswith('.'))))
                    if bFamilyNameFirst:
                        arLines.append(self.vcardFold('N:' + arNames[0] + ';' + arNames[1]))
                    else:
                        arLines.append(self.vcardFold('N:' + arNames[1] + ';' + arNames[0]))

            # SORT-STRING
            sSortString = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'sort-string', self.STRING, bAutoEscape=1)
            if sSortString:
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('SORT-STRING:' + sSortString))

            # NICKNAME
            arNickname = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'nickname', self.STRING, 1, 1)
            if arNickname:
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('NICKNAME:' + ','.join(arNickname)))

            # PHOTO
            processSingleURI('photo')

            # BDAY
            dtBday = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'bday', self.DATE)
            if dtBday:
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('BDAY:' + self.toISO8601(dtBday)))

            # ADR (address)
            arAdr = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'adr', bAllowMultiple=1)
            for elmAdr in arAdr:
                arType = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'type', self.STRING, 1, 1)
                if not arType:
                    arType = ['intl','postal','parcel','work'] # default adr types, see RFC 2426 section 3.2.1
                sPostOfficeBox = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'post-office-box', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sExtendedAddress = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'extended-address', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sStreetAddress = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'street-address', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sLocality = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'locality', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sRegion = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'region', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sPostalCode = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'postal-code', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sCountryName = self.getPropertyValue(elmAdr, 'country-name', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('ADR;TYPE=' + ','.join(arType) + ':' +
                                         sPostOfficeBox + ';' +
                                         sExtendedAddress + ';' +
                                         sStreetAddress + ';' +
                                         sLocality + ';' +
                                         sRegion + ';' +
                                         sPostalCode + ';' +
                                         sCountryName))

            # LABEL
            processTypeValue('label', ['intl','postal','parcel','work'])

            # TEL (phone number)
            processTypeValue('tel', ['voice'])

            # EMAIL
            processTypeValue('email', ['internet'], ['internet'])

            # MAILER
            processSingleString('mailer')

            # TZ (timezone)
            processSingleString('tz')

            # GEO (geographical information)
            elmGeo = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'geo')
            if elmGeo:
                sLatitude = self.getPropertyValue(elmGeo, 'latitude', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                sLongitude = self.getPropertyValue(elmGeo, 'longitude', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('GEO:' + sLatitude + ';' + sLongitude))

            # TITLE
            processSingleString('title')

            # ROLE
            processSingleString('role')

            # LOGO
            processSingleURI('logo')

            # ORG (organization)
            elmOrg = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'org')
            if elmOrg:
                sOrganizationName = self.getPropertyValue(elmOrg, 'organization-name', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                if not sOrganizationName:
                    # implied "organization-name" optimization
                    # http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22organization-name.22_Optimization
                    sOrganizationName = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'org', self.STRING, 0, 1)
                    if sOrganizationName:
                        arLines.append(self.vcardFold('ORG:' + sOrganizationName))
                else:
                    arOrganizationUnit = self.getPropertyValue(elmOrg, 'organization-unit', self.STRING, 1, 1)
                    arLines.append(self.vcardFold('ORG:' + sOrganizationName + ';' + ';'.join(arOrganizationUnit)))

            # CATEGORY
            arCategory = self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'category', self.STRING, 1, 1) + self.getPropertyValue(elmCard, 'categories', self.STRING, 1, 1)
            if arCategory:
                arLines.append(self.vcardFold('CATEGORIES:' + ','.join(arCategory)))

            # NOTE
            processSingleString('note')

            # REV
            processSingleString('rev')

            # SOUND
            processSingleURI('sound')

            # UID
            processSingleString('uid')

            # URL
            processSingleURI('url')

            # CLASS
            processSingleString('class')

            # KEY
            processSingleURI('key')

            if arLines:
                arLines = ['BEGIN:vCard','VERSION:3.0'] + arLines + ['END:vCard']
                # XXX - this is super ugly; properly fix this with issue 148
                for i, s in enumerate(arLines):
                    if not isinstance(s, str):
                        arLines[i] = s.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
                sVCards += '\n'.join(arLines) + '\n'

        return sVCards.strip()

    def isProbablyDownloadable(self, elm):
        attrsD = elm.attrMap
        if 'href' not in attrsD:
            return 0
        linktype = attrsD.get('type', '').strip()
        if linktype.startswith('audio/') or \
           linktype.startswith('video/') or \
           (linktype.startswith('application/') and not linktype.endswith('xml')):
            return 1
        try:
            path = urllib.parse.urlparse(attrsD['href'])[2]
        except ValueError:
            return 0
        if path.find('.') == -1:
            return 0
        fileext = path.split('.').pop().lower()
        return fileext in self.known_binary_extensions

    def findTags(self):
        all = lambda x: 1
        for elm in self.document(all, {'rel': re.compile(r'\btag\b')}):
            href = elm.get('href')
            if not href:
                continue
            urlscheme, domain, path, params, query, fragment = \
                       urllib.parse.urlparse(_urljoin(self.baseuri, href))
            segments = path.split('/')
            tag = segments.pop()
            if not tag:
                if segments:
                    tag = segments.pop()
                else:
                    # there are no tags
                    continue
            tagscheme = urllib.parse.urlunparse((urlscheme, domain, '/'.join(segments), '', '', ''))
            if not tagscheme.endswith('/'):
                tagscheme += '/'
            self.tags.append(FeedParserDict({"term": tag, "scheme": tagscheme, "label": elm.string or ''}))

    def findEnclosures(self):
        all = lambda x: 1
        enclosure_match = re.compile(r'\benclosure\b')
        for elm in self.document(all, {'href': re.compile(r'.+')}):
            if not enclosure_match.search(elm.get('rel', '')) and not self.isProbablyDownloadable(elm):
                continue
            if elm.attrMap not in self.enclosures:
                self.enclosures.append(elm.attrMap)
                if elm.string and not elm.get('title'):
                    self.enclosures[-1]['title'] = elm.string

    def findXFN(self):
        all = lambda x: 1
        for elm in self.document(all, {'rel': re.compile('.+'), 'href': re.compile('.+')}):
            rels = elm.get('rel', '').split()
            xfn_rels = [r for r in rels if r in self.known_xfn_relationships]
            if xfn_rels:
                self.xfn.append({"relationships": xfn_rels, "href": elm.get('href', ''), "name": elm.string})

def _parseMicroformats(htmlSource, baseURI, encoding):
    if not BeautifulSoup:
        return
    try:
        p = _MicroformatsParser(htmlSource, baseURI, encoding)
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        # sgmllib throws this exception when performing lookups of tags
        # with non-ASCII characters in them.
        return
    p.vcard = p.findVCards(p.document)
    p.findTags()
    p.findEnclosures()
    p.findXFN()
    return {"tags": p.tags, "enclosures": p.enclosures, "xfn": p.xfn, "vcard": p.vcard}

class _RelativeURIResolver(_BaseHTMLProcessor):
    relative_uris = set([('a', 'href'),
                     ('applet', 'codebase'),
                     ('area', 'href'),
                     ('blockquote', 'cite'),
                     ('body', 'background'),
                     ('del', 'cite'),
                     ('form', 'action'),
                     ('frame', 'longdesc'),
                     ('frame', 'src'),
                     ('iframe', 'longdesc'),
                     ('iframe', 'src'),
                     ('head', 'profile'),
                     ('img', 'longdesc'),
                     ('img', 'src'),
                     ('img', 'usemap'),
                     ('input', 'src'),
                     ('input', 'usemap'),
                     ('ins', 'cite'),
                     ('link', 'href'),
                     ('object', 'classid'),
                     ('object', 'codebase'),
                     ('object', 'data'),
                     ('object', 'usemap'),
                     ('q', 'cite'),
                     ('script', 'src'),
                     ('video', 'poster')])

    def __init__(self, baseuri, encoding, _type):
        _BaseHTMLProcessor.__init__(self, encoding, _type)
        self.baseuri = baseuri

    def resolveURI(self, uri):
        return _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(self.baseuri, uri.strip())

    def unknown_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        attrs = self.normalize_attrs(attrs)
        attrs = [(key, ((tag, key) in self.relative_uris) and self.resolveURI(value) or value) for key, value in attrs]
        _BaseHTMLProcessor.unknown_starttag(self, tag, attrs)

def _resolveRelativeURIs(htmlSource, baseURI, encoding, _type):
    if not _SGML_AVAILABLE:
        return htmlSource

    p = _RelativeURIResolver(baseURI, encoding, _type)
    p.feed(htmlSource)
    return p.output()

def _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(base, rel=None):
    # bail if ACCEPTABLE_URI_SCHEMES is empty
    if not ACCEPTABLE_URI_SCHEMES:
        try:
            return _urljoin(base, rel or '')
        except ValueError:
            return ''
    if not base:
        return rel or ''
    if not rel:
        try:
            scheme = urllib.parse.urlparse(base)[0]
        except ValueError:
            return ''
        if not scheme or scheme in ACCEPTABLE_URI_SCHEMES:
            return base
        return ''
    try:
        uri = _urljoin(base, rel)
    except ValueError:
        return ''
    if uri.strip().split(':', 1)[0] not in ACCEPTABLE_URI_SCHEMES:
        return ''
    return uri

class _HTMLSanitizer(_BaseHTMLProcessor):
    acceptable_elements = set(['a', 'abbr', 'acronym', 'address', 'area',
        'article', 'aside', 'audio', 'b', 'big', 'blockquote', 'br', 'button',
        'canvas', 'caption', 'center', 'cite', 'code', 'col', 'colgroup',
        'command', 'datagrid', 'datalist', 'dd', 'del', 'details', 'dfn',
        'dialog', 'dir', 'div', 'dl', 'dt', 'em', 'event-source', 'fieldset',
        'figcaption', 'figure', 'footer', 'font', 'form', 'header', 'h1',
        'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'hr', 'i', 'img', 'input', 'ins',
        'keygen', 'kbd', 'label', 'legend', 'li', 'm', 'map', 'menu', 'meter',
        'multicol', 'nav', 'nextid', 'ol', 'output', 'optgroup', 'option',
        'p', 'pre', 'progress', 'q', 's', 'samp', 'section', 'select',
        'small', 'sound', 'source', 'spacer', 'span', 'strike', 'strong',
        'sub', 'sup', 'table', 'tbody', 'td', 'textarea', 'time', 'tfoot',
        'th', 'thead', 'tr', 'tt', 'u', 'ul', 'var', 'video', 'noscript'])

    acceptable_attributes = set(['abbr', 'accept', 'accept-charset', 'accesskey',
      'action', 'align', 'alt', 'autocomplete', 'autofocus', 'axis',
      'background', 'balance', 'bgcolor', 'bgproperties', 'border',
      'bordercolor', 'bordercolordark', 'bordercolorlight', 'bottompadding',
      'cellpadding', 'cellspacing', 'ch', 'challenge', 'char', 'charoff',
      'choff', 'charset', 'checked', 'cite', 'class', 'clear', 'color', 'cols',
      'colspan', 'compact', 'contenteditable', 'controls', 'coords', 'data',
      'datafld', 'datapagesize', 'datasrc', 'datetime', 'default', 'delay',
      'dir', 'disabled', 'draggable', 'dynsrc', 'enctype', 'end', 'face', 'for',
      'form', 'frame', 'galleryimg', 'gutter', 'headers', 'height', 'hidefocus',
      'hidden', 'high', 'href', 'hreflang', 'hspace', 'icon', 'id', 'inputmode',
      'ismap', 'keytype', 'label', 'leftspacing', 'lang', 'list', 'longdesc',
      'loop', 'loopcount', 'loopend', 'loopstart', 'low', 'lowsrc', 'max',
      'maxlength', 'media', 'method', 'min', 'multiple', 'name', 'nohref',
      'noshade', 'nowrap', 'open', 'optimum', 'pattern', 'ping', 'point-size',
      'poster', 'pqg', 'preload', 'prompt', 'radiogroup', 'readonly', 'rel',
      'repeat-max', 'repeat-min', 'replace', 'required', 'rev', 'rightspacing',
      'rows', 'rowspan', 'rules', 'scope', 'selected', 'shape', 'size', 'span',
      'src', 'start', 'step', 'summary', 'suppress', 'tabindex', 'target',
      'template', 'title', 'toppadding', 'type', 'unselectable', 'usemap',
      'urn', 'valign', 'value', 'variable', 'volume', 'vspace', 'vrml',
      'width', 'wrap', 'xml:lang'])

    unacceptable_elements_with_end_tag = set(['script', 'applet', 'style'])

    acceptable_css_properties = set(['azimuth', 'background-color',
      'border-bottom-color', 'border-collapse', 'border-color',
      'border-left-color', 'border-right-color', 'border-top-color', 'clear',
      'color', 'cursor', 'direction', 'display', 'elevation', 'float', 'font',
      'font-family', 'font-size', 'font-style', 'font-variant', 'font-weight',
      'height', 'letter-spacing', 'line-height', 'overflow', 'pause',
      'pause-after', 'pause-before', 'pitch', 'pitch-range', 'richness',
      'speak', 'speak-header', 'speak-numeral', 'speak-punctuation',
      'speech-rate', 'stress', 'text-align', 'text-decoration', 'text-indent',
      'unicode-bidi', 'vertical-align', 'voice-family', 'volume',
      'white-space', 'width'])

    # survey of common keywords found in feeds
    acceptable_css_keywords = set(['auto', 'aqua', 'black', 'block', 'blue',
      'bold', 'both', 'bottom', 'brown', 'center', 'collapse', 'dashed',
      'dotted', 'fuchsia', 'gray', 'green', '!important', 'italic', 'left',
      'lime', 'maroon', 'medium', 'none', 'navy', 'normal', 'nowrap', 'olive',
      'pointer', 'purple', 'red', 'right', 'solid', 'silver', 'teal', 'top',
      'transparent', 'underline', 'white', 'yellow'])

    valid_css_values = re.compile('^(#[0-9a-f]+|rgb\(\d+%?,\d*%?,?\d*%?\)?|' +
      '\d{0,2}\.?\d{0,2}(cm|em|ex|in|mm|pc|pt|px|%|,|\))?)$')

    mathml_elements = set(['annotation', 'annotation-xml', 'maction', 'math',
      'merror', 'mfenced', 'mfrac', 'mi', 'mmultiscripts', 'mn', 'mo', 'mover', 'mpadded',
      'mphantom', 'mprescripts', 'mroot', 'mrow', 'mspace', 'msqrt', 'mstyle',
      'msub', 'msubsup', 'msup', 'mtable', 'mtd', 'mtext', 'mtr', 'munder',
      'munderover', 'none', 'semantics'])

    mathml_attributes = set(['actiontype', 'align', 'columnalign', 'columnalign',
      'columnalign', 'close', 'columnlines', 'columnspacing', 'columnspan', 'depth',
      'display', 'displaystyle', 'encoding', 'equalcolumns', 'equalrows',
      'fence', 'fontstyle', 'fontweight', 'frame', 'height', 'linethickness',
      'lspace', 'mathbackground', 'mathcolor', 'mathvariant', 'mathvariant',
      'maxsize', 'minsize', 'open', 'other', 'rowalign', 'rowalign', 'rowalign',
      'rowlines', 'rowspacing', 'rowspan', 'rspace', 'scriptlevel', 'selection',
      'separator', 'separators', 'stretchy', 'width', 'width', 'xlink:href',
      'xlink:show', 'xlink:type', 'xmlns', 'xmlns:xlink'])

    # svgtiny - foreignObject + linearGradient + radialGradient + stop
    svg_elements = set(['a', 'animate', 'animateColor', 'animateMotion',
      'animateTransform', 'circle', 'defs', 'desc', 'ellipse', 'foreignObject',
      'font-face', 'font-face-name', 'font-face-src', 'g', 'glyph', 'hkern',
      'linearGradient', 'line', 'marker', 'metadata', 'missing-glyph', 'mpath',
      'path', 'polygon', 'polyline', 'radialGradient', 'rect', 'set', 'stop',
      'svg', 'switch', 'text', 'title', 'tspan', 'use'])

    # svgtiny + class + opacity + offset + xmlns + xmlns:xlink
    svg_attributes = set(['accent-height', 'accumulate', 'additive', 'alphabetic',
       'arabic-form', 'ascent', 'attributeName', 'attributeType',
       'baseProfile', 'bbox', 'begin', 'by', 'calcMode', 'cap-height',
       'class', 'color', 'color-rendering', 'content', 'cx', 'cy', 'd', 'dx',
       'dy', 'descent', 'display', 'dur', 'end', 'fill', 'fill-opacity',
       'fill-rule', 'font-family', 'font-size', 'font-stretch', 'font-style',
       'font-variant', 'font-weight', 'from', 'fx', 'fy', 'g1', 'g2',
       'glyph-name', 'gradientUnits', 'hanging', 'height', 'horiz-adv-x',
       'horiz-origin-x', 'id', 'ideographic', 'k', 'keyPoints', 'keySplines',
       'keyTimes', 'lang', 'mathematical', 'marker-end', 'marker-mid',
       'marker-start', 'markerHeight', 'markerUnits', 'markerWidth', 'max',
       'min', 'name', 'offset', 'opacity', 'orient', 'origin',
       'overline-position', 'overline-thickness', 'panose-1', 'path',
       'pathLength', 'points', 'preserveAspectRatio', 'r', 'refX', 'refY',
       'repeatCount', 'repeatDur', 'requiredExtensions', 'requiredFeatures',
       'restart', 'rotate', 'rx', 'ry', 'slope', 'stemh', 'stemv',
       'stop-color', 'stop-opacity', 'strikethrough-position',
       'strikethrough-thickness', 'stroke', 'stroke-dasharray',
       'stroke-dashoffset', 'stroke-linecap', 'stroke-linejoin',
       'stroke-miterlimit', 'stroke-opacity', 'stroke-width', 'systemLanguage',
       'target', 'text-anchor', 'to', 'transform', 'type', 'u1', 'u2',
       'underline-position', 'underline-thickness', 'unicode', 'unicode-range',
       'units-per-em', 'values', 'version', 'viewBox', 'visibility', 'width',
       'widths', 'x', 'x-height', 'x1', 'x2', 'xlink:actuate', 'xlink:arcrole',
       'xlink:href', 'xlink:role', 'xlink:show', 'xlink:title', 'xlink:type',
       'xml:base', 'xml:lang', 'xml:space', 'xmlns', 'xmlns:xlink', 'y', 'y1',
       'y2', 'zoomAndPan'])

    svg_attr_map = None
    svg_elem_map = None

    acceptable_svg_properties = set([ 'fill', 'fill-opacity', 'fill-rule',
      'stroke', 'stroke-width', 'stroke-linecap', 'stroke-linejoin',
      'stroke-opacity'])

    def reset(self):
        _BaseHTMLProcessor.reset(self)
        self.unacceptablestack = 0
        self.mathmlOK = 0
        self.svgOK = 0

    def unknown_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        acceptable_attributes = self.acceptable_attributes
        keymap = {}
        if not tag in self.acceptable_elements or self.svgOK:
            if tag in self.unacceptable_elements_with_end_tag:
                self.unacceptablestack += 1

            # add implicit namespaces to html5 inline svg/mathml
            if self._type.endswith('html'):
                if not dict(attrs).get('xmlns'):
                    if tag=='svg':
                        attrs.append( ('xmlns','http://www.w3.org/2000/svg') )
                    if tag=='math':
                        attrs.append( ('xmlns','http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML') )

            # not otherwise acceptable, perhaps it is MathML or SVG?
            if tag=='math' and ('xmlns','http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML') in attrs:
                self.mathmlOK += 1
            if tag=='svg' and ('xmlns','http://www.w3.org/2000/svg') in attrs:
                self.svgOK += 1

            # chose acceptable attributes based on tag class, else bail
            if  self.mathmlOK and tag in self.mathml_elements:
                acceptable_attributes = self.mathml_attributes
            elif self.svgOK and tag in self.svg_elements:
                # for most vocabularies, lowercasing is a good idea.  Many
                # svg elements, however, are camel case
                if not self.svg_attr_map:
                    lower=[attr.lower() for attr in self.svg_attributes]
                    mix=[a for a in self.svg_attributes if a not in lower]
                    self.svg_attributes = lower
                    self.svg_attr_map = dict([(a.lower(),a) for a in mix])

                    lower=[attr.lower() for attr in self.svg_elements]
                    mix=[a for a in self.svg_elements if a not in lower]
                    self.svg_elements = lower
                    self.svg_elem_map = dict([(a.lower(),a) for a in mix])
                acceptable_attributes = self.svg_attributes
                tag = self.svg_elem_map.get(tag,tag)
                keymap = self.svg_attr_map
            elif not tag in self.acceptable_elements:
                return

        # declare xlink namespace, if needed
        if self.mathmlOK or self.svgOK:
            if [n_v for n_v in attrs if n_v[0].startswith('xlink:')]:
                if not ('xmlns:xlink','http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink') in attrs:
                    attrs.append(('xmlns:xlink','http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'))

        clean_attrs = []
        for key, value in self.normalize_attrs(attrs):
            if key in acceptable_attributes:
                key=keymap.get(key,key)
                # make sure the uri uses an acceptable uri scheme
                if key == 'href':
                    value = _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(value)
                clean_attrs.append((key,value))
            elif key=='style':
                clean_value = self.sanitize_style(value)
                if clean_value:
                    clean_attrs.append((key,clean_value))
        _BaseHTMLProcessor.unknown_starttag(self, tag, clean_attrs)

    def unknown_endtag(self, tag):
        if not tag in self.acceptable_elements:
            if tag in self.unacceptable_elements_with_end_tag:
                self.unacceptablestack -= 1
            if self.mathmlOK and tag in self.mathml_elements:
                if tag == 'math' and self.mathmlOK:
                    self.mathmlOK -= 1
            elif self.svgOK and tag in self.svg_elements:
                tag = self.svg_elem_map.get(tag,tag)
                if tag == 'svg' and self.svgOK:
                    self.svgOK -= 1
            else:
                return
        _BaseHTMLProcessor.unknown_endtag(self, tag)

    def handle_pi(self, text):
        pass

    def handle_decl(self, text):
        pass

    def handle_data(self, text):
        if not self.unacceptablestack:
            _BaseHTMLProcessor.handle_data(self, text)

    def sanitize_style(self, style):
        # disallow urls
        style=re.compile('url\s*\(\s*[^\s)]+?\s*\)\s*').sub(' ',style)

        # gauntlet
        if not re.match("""^([:,;#%.\sa-zA-Z0-9!]|\w-\w|'[\s\w]+'|"[\s\w]+"|\([\d,\s]+\))*$""", style):
            return ''
        # This replaced a regexp that used re.match and was prone to pathological back-tracking.
        if re.sub("\s*[-\w]+\s*:\s*[^:;]*;?", '', style).strip():
            return ''

        clean = []
        for prop,value in re.findall("([-\w]+)\s*:\s*([^:;]*)",style):
            if not value:
                continue
            if prop.lower() in self.acceptable_css_properties:
                clean.append(prop + ': ' + value + ';')
            elif prop.split('-')[0].lower() in ['background','border','margin','padding']:
                for keyword in value.split():
                    if not keyword in self.acceptable_css_keywords and \
                        not self.valid_css_values.match(keyword):
                        break
                else:
                    clean.append(prop + ': ' + value + ';')
            elif self.svgOK and prop.lower() in self.acceptable_svg_properties:
                clean.append(prop + ': ' + value + ';')

        return ' '.join(clean)

    def parse_comment(self, i, report=1):
        ret = _BaseHTMLProcessor.parse_comment(self, i, report)
        if ret >= 0:
            return ret
        # if ret == -1, this may be a malicious attempt to circumvent
        # sanitization, or a page-destroying unclosed comment
        match = re.compile(r'--[^>]*>').search(self.rawdata, i+4)
        if match:
            return match.end()
        # unclosed comment; deliberately fail to handle_data()
        return len(self.rawdata)


def _sanitizeHTML(htmlSource, encoding, _type):
    if not _SGML_AVAILABLE:
        return htmlSource
    p = _HTMLSanitizer(encoding, _type)
    htmlSource = htmlSource.replace('<![CDATA[', '&lt;![CDATA[')
    p.feed(htmlSource)
    data = p.output()
    if TIDY_MARKUP:
        # loop through list of preferred Tidy interfaces looking for one that's installed,
        # then set up a common _tidy function to wrap the interface-specific API.
        _tidy = None
        for tidy_interface in PREFERRED_TIDY_INTERFACES:
            try:
                if tidy_interface == "uTidy":
                    from tidy import parseString as _utidy
                    def _tidy(data, **kwargs):
                        return str(_utidy(data, **kwargs))
                    break
                elif tidy_interface == "mxTidy":
                    from mx.Tidy import Tidy as _mxtidy
                    def _tidy(data, **kwargs):
                        nerrors, nwarnings, data, errordata = _mxtidy.tidy(data, **kwargs)
                        return data
                    break
            except:
                pass
        if _tidy:
            utf8 = isinstance(data, str)
            if utf8:
                data = data.encode('utf-8')
            data = _tidy(data, output_xhtml=1, numeric_entities=1, wrap=0, char_encoding="utf8")
            if utf8:
                data = str(data, 'utf-8')
            if data.count('<body'):
                data = data.split('<body', 1)[1]
                if data.count('>'):
                    data = data.split('>', 1)[1]
            if data.count('</body'):
                data = data.split('</body', 1)[0]
    data = data.strip().replace('\r\n', '\n')
    return data

class _FeedURLHandler(urllib.request.HTTPDigestAuthHandler, urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler, urllib.request.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler):
    def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
        # The default implementation just raises HTTPError.
        # Forget that.
        fp.status = code
        return fp

    def http_error_301(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):
        result = urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_301(self, req, fp,
                                                            code, msg, hdrs)
        result.status = code
        result.newurl = result.geturl()
        return result
    # The default implementations in urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler
    # are identical, so hardcoding a http_error_301 call above
    # won't affect anything
    http_error_300 = http_error_301
    http_error_302 = http_error_301
    http_error_303 = http_error_301
    http_error_307 = http_error_301

    def http_error_401(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
        # Check if
        # - server requires digest auth, AND
        # - we tried (unsuccessfully) with basic auth, AND
        # If all conditions hold, parse authentication information
        # out of the Authorization header we sent the first time
        # (for the username and password) and the WWW-Authenticate
        # header the server sent back (for the realm) and retry
        # the request with the appropriate digest auth headers instead.
        # This evil genius hack has been brought to you by Aaron Swartz.
        host = urllib.parse.urlparse(req.get_full_url())[1]
        if base64 is None or 'Authorization' not in req.headers \
                          or 'WWW-Authenticate' not in headers:
            return self.http_error_default(req, fp, code, msg, headers)
        auth = _base64decode(req.headers['Authorization'].split(' ')[1])
        user, passw = auth.split(':')
        realm = re.findall('realm="([^"]*)"', headers['WWW-Authenticate'])[0]
        self.add_password(realm, host, user, passw)
        retry = self.http_error_auth_reqed('www-authenticate', host, req, headers)
        self.reset_retry_count()
        return retry

def _open_resource(url_file_stream_or_string, etag, modified, agent, referrer, handlers, request_headers):
    """URL, filename, or string --> stream

    This function lets you define parsers that take any input source
    (URL, pathname to local or network file, or actual data as a string)
    and deal with it in a uniform manner.  Returned object is guaranteed
    to have all the basic stdio read methods (read, readline, readlines).
    Just .close() the object when you're done with it.

    If the etag argument is supplied, it will be used as the value of an
    If-None-Match request header.

    If the modified argument is supplied, it can be a tuple of 9 integers
    (as returned by gmtime() in the standard Python time module) or a date
    string in any format supported by feedparser. Regardless, it MUST
    be in GMT (Greenwich Mean Time). It will be reformatted into an
    RFC 1123-compliant date and used as the value of an If-Modified-Since
    request header.

    If the agent argument is supplied, it will be used as the value of a
    User-Agent request header.

    If the referrer argument is supplied, it will be used as the value of a
    Referer[sic] request header.

    If handlers is supplied, it is a list of handlers used to build a
    urllib2 opener.

    if request_headers is supplied it is a dictionary of HTTP request headers
    that will override the values generated by FeedParser.
    """

    if hasattr(url_file_stream_or_string, 'read'):
        return url_file_stream_or_string

    if isinstance(url_file_stream_or_string, str) \
       and urllib.parse.urlparse(url_file_stream_or_string)[0] in ('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'file', 'feed'):
        # Deal with the feed URI scheme
        if url_file_stream_or_string.startswith('feed:http'):
            url_file_stream_or_string = url_file_stream_or_string[5:]
        elif url_file_stream_or_string.startswith('feed:'):
            url_file_stream_or_string = 'http:' + url_file_stream_or_string[5:]
        if not agent:
            agent = USER_AGENT
        # Test for inline user:password credentials for HTTP basic auth
        auth = None
        if base64 and not url_file_stream_or_string.startswith('ftp:'):
            urltype, rest = urllib.parse.splittype(url_file_stream_or_string)
            realhost, rest = urllib.parse.splithost(rest)
            if realhost:
                user_passwd, realhost = urllib.parse.splituser(realhost)
                if user_passwd:
                    url_file_stream_or_string = '%s://%s%s' % (urltype, realhost, rest)
                    auth = base64.standard_b64encode(user_passwd.encode('ascii')).strip().decode('ascii')

        # iri support
        if isinstance(url_file_stream_or_string, str):
            url_file_stream_or_string = _convert_to_idn(url_file_stream_or_string)

        # try to open with urllib2 (to use optional headers)
        request = _build_urllib2_request(url_file_stream_or_string, agent, etag, modified, referrer, auth, request_headers)
        opener = urllib.request.build_opener(*tuple(handlers + [_FeedURLHandler()]))
        opener.addheaders = [] # RMK - must clear so we only send our custom User-Agent
        try:
            return opener.open(request)
        finally:
            opener.close() # JohnD

    # try to open with native open function (if url_file_stream_or_string is a filename)
    try:
        return open(url_file_stream_or_string, 'rb')
    except (IOError, UnicodeEncodeError, TypeError):
        # if url_file_stream_or_string is a unicode object that
        # cannot be converted to the encoding returned by
        # sys.getfilesystemencoding(), a UnicodeEncodeError
        # will be thrown
        # If url_file_stream_or_string is a string that contains NULL
        # (such as an XML document encoded in UTF-32), TypeError will
        # be thrown.
        pass

    # treat url_file_stream_or_string as string
    if isinstance(url_file_stream_or_string, str):
        return _StringIO(url_file_stream_or_string.encode('utf-8'))
    return _StringIO(url_file_stream_or_string)

def _convert_to_idn(url):
    """Convert a URL to IDN notation"""
    # this function should only be called with a unicode string
    # strategy: if the host cannot be encoded in ascii, then
    # it'll be necessary to encode it in idn form
    parts = list(urllib.parse.urlsplit(url))
    try:
        parts[1].encode('ascii')
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        # the url needs to be converted to idn notation
        host = parts[1].rsplit(':', 1)
        newhost = []
        port = ''
        if len(host) == 2:
            port = host.pop()
        for h in host[0].split('.'):
            newhost.append(h.encode('idna').decode('utf-8'))
        parts[1] = '.'.join(newhost)
        if port:
            parts[1] += ':' + port
        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit(parts)
    else:
        return url

def _build_urllib2_request(url, agent, etag, modified, referrer, auth, request_headers):
    request = urllib.request.Request(url)
    request.add_header('User-Agent', agent)
    if etag:
        request.add_header('If-None-Match', etag)
    if isinstance(modified, str):
        modified = _parse_date(modified)
    elif isinstance(modified, datetime.datetime):
        modified = modified.utctimetuple()
    if modified:
        # format into an RFC 1123-compliant timestamp. We can't use
        # time.strftime() since the %a and %b directives can be affected
        # by the current locale, but RFC 2616 states that dates must be
        # in English.
        short_weekdays = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
        months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
        request.add_header('If-Modified-Since', '%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT' % (short_weekdays[modified[6]], modified[2], months[modified[1] - 1], modified[0], modified[3], modified[4], modified[5]))
    if referrer:
        request.add_header('Referer', referrer)
    if gzip and zlib:
        request.add_header('Accept-encoding', 'gzip, deflate')
    elif gzip:
        request.add_header('Accept-encoding', 'gzip')
    elif zlib:
        request.add_header('Accept-encoding', 'deflate')
    else:
        request.add_header('Accept-encoding', '')
    if auth:
        request.add_header('Authorization', 'Basic %s' % auth)
    if ACCEPT_HEADER:
        request.add_header('Accept', ACCEPT_HEADER)
    # use this for whatever -- cookies, special headers, etc
    # [('Cookie','Something'),('x-special-header','Another Value')]
    for header_name, header_value in list(request_headers.items()):
        request.add_header(header_name, header_value)
    request.add_header('A-IM', 'feed') # RFC 3229 support
    return request

_date_handlers = []
def registerDateHandler(func):
    '''Register a date handler function (takes string, returns 9-tuple date in GMT)'''
    _date_handlers.insert(0, func)

# ISO-8601 date parsing routines written by Fazal Majid.
# The ISO 8601 standard is very convoluted and irregular - a full ISO 8601
# parser is beyond the scope of feedparser and would be a worthwhile addition
# to the Python library.
# A single regular expression cannot parse ISO 8601 date formats into groups
# as the standard is highly irregular (for instance is 030104 2003-01-04 or
# 0301-04-01), so we use templates instead.
# Please note the order in templates is significant because we need a
# greedy match.
_iso8601_tmpl = ['YYYY-?MM-?DD', 'YYYY-0MM?-?DD', 'YYYY-MM', 'YYYY-?OOO',
                'YY-?MM-?DD', 'YY-?OOO', 'YYYY',
                '-YY-?MM', '-OOO', '-YY',
                '--MM-?DD', '--MM',
                '---DD',
                'CC', '']
_iso8601_re = [
    tmpl.replace(
    'YYYY', r'(?P<year>\d{4})').replace(
    'YY', r'(?P<year>\d\d)').replace(
    'MM', r'(?P<month>[01]\d)').replace(
    'DD', r'(?P<day>[0123]\d)').replace(
    'OOO', r'(?P<ordinal>[0123]\d\d)').replace(
    'CC', r'(?P<century>\d\d$)')
    + r'(T?(?P<hour>\d{2}):(?P<minute>\d{2})'
    + r'(:(?P<second>\d{2}))?'
    + r'(\.(?P<fracsecond>\d+))?'
    + r'(?P<tz>[+-](?P<tzhour>\d{2})(:(?P<tzmin>\d{2}))?|Z)?)?'
    for tmpl in _iso8601_tmpl]
try:
    del tmpl
except NameError:
    pass
_iso8601_matches = [re.compile(regex).match for regex in _iso8601_re]
try:
    del regex
except NameError:
    pass
def _parse_date_iso8601(dateString):
    '''Parse a variety of ISO-8601-compatible formats like 20040105'''
    m = None
    for _iso8601_match in _iso8601_matches:
        m = _iso8601_match(dateString)
        if m:
            break
    if not m:
        return
    if m.span() == (0, 0):
        return
    params = m.groupdict()
    ordinal = params.get('ordinal', 0)
    if ordinal:
        ordinal = int(ordinal)
    else:
        ordinal = 0
    year = params.get('year', '--')
    if not year or year == '--':
        year = time.gmtime()[0]
    elif len(year) == 2:
        # ISO 8601 assumes current century, i.e. 93 -> 2093, NOT 1993
        year = 100 * int(time.gmtime()[0] / 100) + int(year)
    else:
        year = int(year)
    month = params.get('month', '-')
    if not month or month == '-':
        # ordinals are NOT normalized by mktime, we simulate them
        # by setting month=1, day=ordinal
        if ordinal:
            month = 1
        else:
            month = time.gmtime()[1]
    month = int(month)
    day = params.get('day', 0)
    if not day:
        # see above
        if ordinal:
            day = ordinal
        elif params.get('century', 0) or \
                 params.get('year', 0) or params.get('month', 0):
            day = 1
        else:
            day = time.gmtime()[2]
    else:
        day = int(day)
    # special case of the century - is the first year of the 21st century
    # 2000 or 2001 ? The debate goes on...
    if 'century' in params:
        year = (int(params['century']) - 1) * 100 + 1
    # in ISO 8601 most fields are optional
    for field in ['hour', 'minute', 'second', 'tzhour', 'tzmin']:
        if not params.get(field, None):
            params[field] = 0
    hour = int(params.get('hour', 0))
    minute = int(params.get('minute', 0))
    second = int(float(params.get('second', 0)))
    # weekday is normalized by mktime(), we can ignore it
    weekday = 0
    daylight_savings_flag = -1
    tm = [year, month, day, hour, minute, second, weekday,
          ordinal, daylight_savings_flag]
    # ISO 8601 time zone adjustments
    tz = params.get('tz')
    if tz and tz != 'Z':
        if tz[0] == '-':
            tm[3] += int(params.get('tzhour', 0))
            tm[4] += int(params.get('tzmin', 0))
        elif tz[0] == '+':
            tm[3] -= int(params.get('tzhour', 0))
            tm[4] -= int(params.get('tzmin', 0))
        else:
            return None
    # Python's time.mktime() is a wrapper around the ANSI C mktime(3c)
    # which is guaranteed to normalize d/m/y/h/m/s.
    # Many implementations have bugs, but we'll pretend they don't.
    return time.localtime(time.mktime(tuple(tm)))
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_iso8601)

# 8-bit date handling routines written by ytrewq1.
_korean_year  = '\ub144' # b3e2 in euc-kr
_korean_month = '\uc6d4' # bff9 in euc-kr
_korean_day   = '\uc77c' # c0cf in euc-kr
_korean_am    = '\uc624\uc804' # bfc0 c0fc in euc-kr
_korean_pm    = '\uc624\ud6c4' # bfc0 c8c4 in euc-kr

_korean_onblog_date_re = \
    re.compile('(\d{4})%s\s+(\d{2})%s\s+(\d{2})%s\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})' % \
               (_korean_year, _korean_month, _korean_day))
_korean_nate_date_re = \
    re.compile('(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})\s+(%s|%s)\s+(\d{,2}):(\d{,2}):(\d{,2})' % \
               (_korean_am, _korean_pm))
def _parse_date_onblog(dateString):
    '''Parse a string according to the OnBlog 8-bit date format'''
    m = _korean_onblog_date_re.match(dateString)
    if not m:
        return
    w3dtfdate = '%(year)s-%(month)s-%(day)sT%(hour)s:%(minute)s:%(second)s%(zonediff)s' % \
                {'year': m.group(1), 'month': m.group(2), 'day': m.group(3),\
                 'hour': m.group(4), 'minute': m.group(5), 'second': m.group(6),\
                 'zonediff': '+09:00'}
    return _parse_date_w3dtf(w3dtfdate)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_onblog)

def _parse_date_nate(dateString):
    '''Parse a string according to the Nate 8-bit date format'''
    m = _korean_nate_date_re.match(dateString)
    if not m:
        return
    hour = int(m.group(5))
    ampm = m.group(4)
    if (ampm == _korean_pm):
        hour += 12
    hour = str(hour)
    if len(hour) == 1:
        hour = '0' + hour
    w3dtfdate = '%(year)s-%(month)s-%(day)sT%(hour)s:%(minute)s:%(second)s%(zonediff)s' % \
                {'year': m.group(1), 'month': m.group(2), 'day': m.group(3),\
                 'hour': hour, 'minute': m.group(6), 'second': m.group(7),\
                 'zonediff': '+09:00'}
    return _parse_date_w3dtf(w3dtfdate)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_nate)

# Unicode strings for Greek date strings
_greek_months = \
  { \
   '\u0399\u03b1\u03bd': 'Jan',       # c9e1ed in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a6\u03b5\u03b2': 'Feb',       # d6e5e2 in iso-8859-7
   '\u039c\u03ac\u03ce': 'Mar',       # ccdcfe in iso-8859-7
   '\u039c\u03b1\u03ce': 'Mar',       # cce1fe in iso-8859-7
   '\u0391\u03c0\u03c1': 'Apr',       # c1f0f1 in iso-8859-7
   '\u039c\u03ac\u03b9': 'May',       # ccdce9 in iso-8859-7
   '\u039c\u03b1\u03ca': 'May',       # cce1fa in iso-8859-7
   '\u039c\u03b1\u03b9': 'May',       # cce1e9 in iso-8859-7
   '\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd': 'Jun', # c9effded in iso-8859-7
   '\u0399\u03bf\u03bd': 'Jun',       # c9efed in iso-8859-7
   '\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb': 'Jul', # c9effdeb in iso-8859-7
   '\u0399\u03bf\u03bb': 'Jul',       # c9f9eb in iso-8859-7
   '\u0391\u03cd\u03b3': 'Aug',       # c1fde3 in iso-8859-7
   '\u0391\u03c5\u03b3': 'Aug',       # c1f5e3 in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a3\u03b5\u03c0': 'Sep',       # d3e5f0 in iso-8859-7
   '\u039f\u03ba\u03c4': 'Oct',       # cfeaf4 in iso-8859-7
   '\u039d\u03bf\u03ad': 'Nov',       # cdefdd in iso-8859-7
   '\u039d\u03bf\u03b5': 'Nov',       # cdefe5 in iso-8859-7
   '\u0394\u03b5\u03ba': 'Dec',       # c4e5ea in iso-8859-7
  }

_greek_wdays = \
  { \
   '\u039a\u03c5\u03c1': 'Sun', # caf5f1 in iso-8859-7
   '\u0394\u03b5\u03c5': 'Mon', # c4e5f5 in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9': 'Tue', # d4f1e9 in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a4\u03b5\u03c4': 'Wed', # d4e5f4 in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a0\u03b5\u03bc': 'Thu', # d0e5ec in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1': 'Fri', # d0e1f1 in iso-8859-7
   '\u03a3\u03b1\u03b2': 'Sat', # d3e1e2 in iso-8859-7
  }

_greek_date_format_re = \
    re.compile('([^,]+),\s+(\d{2})\s+([^\s]+)\s+(\d{4})\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})\s+([^\s]+)')

def _parse_date_greek(dateString):
    '''Parse a string according to a Greek 8-bit date format.'''
    m = _greek_date_format_re.match(dateString)
    if not m:
        return
    wday = _greek_wdays[m.group(1)]
    month = _greek_months[m.group(3)]
    rfc822date = '%(wday)s, %(day)s %(month)s %(year)s %(hour)s:%(minute)s:%(second)s %(zonediff)s' % \
                 {'wday': wday, 'day': m.group(2), 'month': month, 'year': m.group(4),\
                  'hour': m.group(5), 'minute': m.group(6), 'second': m.group(7),\
                  'zonediff': m.group(8)}
    return _parse_date_rfc822(rfc822date)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_greek)

# Unicode strings for Hungarian date strings
_hungarian_months = \
  { \
    'janu\u00e1r':   '01',  # e1 in iso-8859-2
    'febru\u00e1ri': '02',  # e1 in iso-8859-2
    'm\u00e1rcius':  '03',  # e1 in iso-8859-2
    '\u00e1prilis':  '04',  # e1 in iso-8859-2
    'm\u00e1ujus':   '05',  # e1 in iso-8859-2
    'j\u00fanius':   '06',  # fa in iso-8859-2
    'j\u00falius':   '07',  # fa in iso-8859-2
    'augusztus':     '08',
    'szeptember':    '09',
    'okt\u00f3ber':  '10',  # f3 in iso-8859-2
    'november':      '11',
    'december':      '12',
  }

_hungarian_date_format_re = \
  re.compile('(\d{4})-([^-]+)-(\d{,2})T(\d{,2}):(\d{2})((\+|-)(\d{,2}:\d{2}))')

def _parse_date_hungarian(dateString):
    '''Parse a string according to a Hungarian 8-bit date format.'''
    m = _hungarian_date_format_re.match(dateString)
    if not m or m.group(2) not in _hungarian_months:
        return None
    month = _hungarian_months[m.group(2)]
    day = m.group(3)
    if len(day) == 1:
        day = '0' + day
    hour = m.group(4)
    if len(hour) == 1:
        hour = '0' + hour
    w3dtfdate = '%(year)s-%(month)s-%(day)sT%(hour)s:%(minute)s%(zonediff)s' % \
                {'year': m.group(1), 'month': month, 'day': day,\
                 'hour': hour, 'minute': m.group(5),\
                 'zonediff': m.group(6)}
    return _parse_date_w3dtf(w3dtfdate)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_hungarian)

# W3DTF-style date parsing adapted from PyXML xml.utils.iso8601, written by
# Drake and licensed under the Python license.  Removed all range checking
# for month, day, hour, minute, and second, since mktime will normalize
# these later
# Modified to also support MSSQL-style datetimes as defined at:
# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186724.aspx
# (which basically means allowing a space as a date/time/timezone separator)
def _parse_date_w3dtf(dateString):
    def __extract_date(m):
        year = int(m.group('year'))
        if year < 100:
            year = 100 * int(time.gmtime()[0] / 100) + int(year)
        if year < 1000:
            return 0, 0, 0
        julian = m.group('julian')
        if julian:
            julian = int(julian)
            month = julian / 30 + 1
            day = julian % 30 + 1
            jday = None
            while jday != julian:
                t = time.mktime((year, month, day, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
                jday = time.gmtime(t)[-2]
                diff = abs(jday - julian)
                if jday > julian:
                    if diff < day:
                        day = day - diff
                    else:
                        month = month - 1
                        day = 31
                elif jday < julian:
                    if day + diff < 28:
                        day = day + diff
                    else:
                        month = month + 1
            return year, month, day
        month = m.group('month')
        day = 1
        if month is None:
            month = 1
        else:
            month = int(month)
            day = m.group('day')
            if day:
                day = int(day)
            else:
                day = 1
        return year, month, day

    def __extract_time(m):
        if not m:
            return 0, 0, 0
        hours = m.group('hours')
        if not hours:
            return 0, 0, 0
        hours = int(hours)
        minutes = int(m.group('minutes'))
        seconds = m.group('seconds')
        if seconds:
            seconds = int(seconds)
        else:
            seconds = 0
        return hours, minutes, seconds

    def __extract_tzd(m):
        '''Return the Time Zone Designator as an offset in seconds from UTC.'''
        if not m:
            return 0
        tzd = m.group('tzd')
        if not tzd:
            return 0
        if tzd == 'Z':
            return 0
        hours = int(m.group('tzdhours'))
        minutes = m.group('tzdminutes')
        if minutes:
            minutes = int(minutes)
        else:
            minutes = 0
        offset = (hours*60 + minutes) * 60
        if tzd[0] == '+':
            return -offset
        return offset

    __date_re = ('(?P<year>\d\d\d\d)'
                 '(?:(?P<dsep>-|)'
                 '(?:(?P<month>\d\d)(?:(?P=dsep)(?P<day>\d\d))?'
                 '|(?P<julian>\d\d\d)))?')
    __tzd_re = ' ?(?P<tzd>[-+](?P<tzdhours>\d\d)(?::?(?P<tzdminutes>\d\d))|Z)?'
    __time_re = ('(?P<hours>\d\d)(?P<tsep>:|)(?P<minutes>\d\d)'
                 '(?:(?P=tsep)(?P<seconds>\d\d)(?:[.,]\d+)?)?'
                 + __tzd_re)
    __datetime_re = '%s(?:[T ]%s)?' % (__date_re, __time_re)
    __datetime_rx = re.compile(__datetime_re)
    m = __datetime_rx.match(dateString)
    if (m is None) or (m.group() != dateString):
        return
    gmt = __extract_date(m) + __extract_time(m) + (0, 0, 0)
    if gmt[0] == 0:
        return
    return time.gmtime(time.mktime(gmt) + __extract_tzd(m) - time.timezone)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_w3dtf)

# Define the strings used by the RFC822 datetime parser
_rfc822_months = ['jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun',
          'jul', 'aug', 'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec']
_rfc822_daynames = ['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun']

# Only the first three letters of the month name matter
_rfc822_month = "(?P<month>%s)(?:[a-z]*,?)" % ('|'.join(_rfc822_months))
# The year may be 2 or 4 digits; capture the century if it exists
_rfc822_year = "(?P<year>(?:\d{2})?\d{2})"
_rfc822_day = "(?P<day> *\d{1,2})"
_rfc822_date = "%s %s %s" % (_rfc822_day, _rfc822_month, _rfc822_year)

_rfc822_hour = "(?P<hour>\d{2}):(?P<minute>\d{2})(?::(?P<second>\d{2}))?"
_rfc822_tz = "(?P<tz>ut|gmt(?:[+-]\d{2}:\d{2})?|[aecmp][sd]?t|[zamny]|[+-]\d{4})"
_rfc822_tznames = {
    'ut': 0, 'gmt': 0, 'z': 0,
    'adt': -3, 'ast': -4, 'at': -4,
    'edt': -4, 'est': -5, 'et': -5,
    'cdt': -5, 'cst': -6, 'ct': -6,
    'mdt': -6, 'mst': -7, 'mt': -7,
    'pdt': -7, 'pst': -8, 'pt': -8,
    'a': -1, 'n': 1,
    'm': -12, 'y': 12,
 }
# The timezone may be prefixed by 'Etc/'
_rfc822_time = "%s (?:etc/)?%s" % (_rfc822_hour, _rfc822_tz)

_rfc822_dayname = "(?P<dayname>%s)" % ('|'.join(_rfc822_daynames))
_rfc822_match = re.compile(
    "(?:%s, )?%s(?: %s)?" % (_rfc822_dayname, _rfc822_date, _rfc822_time)
).match

def _parse_date_group_rfc822(m):
    # Calculate a date and timestamp
    for k in ('year', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second'):
        m[k] = int(m[k])
    m['month'] = _rfc822_months.index(m['month']) + 1
    # If the year is 2 digits, assume everything in the 90's is the 1990's
    if m['year'] < 100:
        m['year'] += (1900, 2000)[m['year'] < 90]
    stamp = datetime.datetime(*[m[i] for i in 
                ('year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second')])

    # Use the timezone information to calculate the difference between
    # the given date and timestamp and Universal Coordinated Time
    tzhour = 0
    tzmin = 0
    if m['tz'] and m['tz'].startswith('gmt'):
        # Handle GMT and GMT+hh:mm timezone syntax (the trailing
        # timezone info will be handled by the next `if` block)
        m['tz'] = ''.join(m['tz'][3:].split(':')) or 'gmt'
    if not m['tz']:
        pass
    elif m['tz'].startswith('+'):
        tzhour = int(m['tz'][1:3])
        tzmin = int(m['tz'][3:])
    elif m['tz'].startswith('-'):
        tzhour = int(m['tz'][1:3]) * -1
        tzmin = int(m['tz'][3:]) * -1
    else:
        tzhour = _rfc822_tznames[m['tz']]
    delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, tzmin, tzhour)

    # Return the date and timestamp in UTC
    return (stamp - delta).utctimetuple()

def _parse_date_rfc822(dt):
    """Parse RFC 822 dates and times, with one minor
    difference: years may be 4DIGIT or 2DIGIT.
    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822#section-5"""
    try:
        m = _rfc822_match(dt.lower()).groupdict(0)
    except AttributeError:
        return None

    return _parse_date_group_rfc822(m)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_rfc822)

def _parse_date_rfc822_grubby(dt):
    """Parse date format similar to RFC 822, but 
    the comma after the dayname is optional and
    month/day are inverted"""
    _rfc822_date_grubby = "%s %s %s" % (_rfc822_month, _rfc822_day, _rfc822_year)
    _rfc822_match_grubby = re.compile(
        "(?:%s[,]? )?%s(?: %s)?" % (_rfc822_dayname, _rfc822_date_grubby, _rfc822_time)
    ).match

    try:
        m = _rfc822_match_grubby(dt.lower()).groupdict(0)
    except AttributeError:
        return None

    return _parse_date_group_rfc822(m)
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_rfc822_grubby)

def _parse_date_asctime(dt):
    """Parse asctime-style dates"""
    dayname, month, day, remainder = dt.split(None, 3)
    # Convert month and day into zero-padded integers
    month = '%02i ' % (_rfc822_months.index(month.lower()) + 1)
    day = '%02i ' % (int(day),)
    dt = month + day + remainder
    return time.strptime(dt, '%m %d %H:%M:%S %Y')[:-1] + (0, )
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_asctime)

def _parse_date_perforce(aDateString):
    """parse a date in yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss TTT format"""
    # Fri, 2006/09/15 08:19:53 EDT
    _my_date_pattern = re.compile( \
        r'(\w{,3}), (\d{,4})/(\d{,2})/(\d{2}) (\d{,2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}) (\w{,3})')

    m = _my_date_pattern.search(aDateString)
    if m is None:
        return None
    dow, year, month, day, hour, minute, second, tz = m.groups()
    months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
    dateString = "%s, %s %s %s %s:%s:%s %s" % (dow, day, months[int(month) - 1], year, hour, minute, second, tz)
    tm = rfc822.parsedate_tz(dateString)
    if tm:
        return time.gmtime(rfc822.mktime_tz(tm))
registerDateHandler(_parse_date_perforce)

def _parse_date(dateString):
    '''Parses a variety of date formats into a 9-tuple in GMT'''
    if not dateString:
        return None
    for handler in _date_handlers:
        try:
            date9tuple = handler(dateString)
        except (KeyError, OverflowError, ValueError):
            continue
        if not date9tuple:
            continue
        if len(date9tuple) != 9:
            continue
        return date9tuple
    return None

# Each marker represents some of the characters of the opening XML
# processing instruction ('<?xm') in the specified encoding.
EBCDIC_MARKER = _l2bytes([0x4C, 0x6F, 0xA7, 0x94])
UTF16BE_MARKER = _l2bytes([0x00, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x3F])
UTF16LE_MARKER = _l2bytes([0x3C, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x00])
UTF32BE_MARKER = _l2bytes([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C])
UTF32LE_MARKER = _l2bytes([0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])

ZERO_BYTES = _l2bytes([0x00, 0x00])

# Match the opening XML declaration.
# Example: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
RE_XML_DECLARATION = re.compile('^<\?xml[^>]*?>')

# Capture the value of the XML processing instruction's encoding attribute.
# Example: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
RE_XML_PI_ENCODING = re.compile(_s2bytes('^<\?.*encoding=[\'"](.*?)[\'"].*\?>'))

def convert_to_utf8(http_headers, data):
    '''Detect and convert the character encoding to UTF-8.

    http_headers is a dictionary
    data is a raw string (not Unicode)'''

    # This is so much trickier than it sounds, it's not even funny.
    # According to RFC 3023 ('XML Media Types'), if the HTTP Content-Type
    # is application/xml, application/*+xml,
    # application/xml-external-parsed-entity, or application/xml-dtd,
    # the encoding given in the charset parameter of the HTTP Content-Type
    # takes precedence over the encoding given in the XML prefix within the
    # document, and defaults to 'utf-8' if neither are specified.  But, if
    # the HTTP Content-Type is text/xml, text/*+xml, or
    # text/xml-external-parsed-entity, the encoding given in the XML prefix
    # within the document is ALWAYS IGNORED and only the encoding given in
    # the charset parameter of the HTTP Content-Type header should be
    # respected, and it defaults to 'us-ascii' if not specified.

    # Furthermore, discussion on the atom-syntax mailing list with the
    # author of RFC 3023 leads me to the conclusion that any document
    # served with a Content-Type of text/* and no charset parameter
    # must be treated as us-ascii.  (We now do this.)  And also that it
    # must always be flagged as non-well-formed.  (We now do this too.)

    # If Content-Type is unspecified (input was local file or non-HTTP source)
    # or unrecognized (server just got it totally wrong), then go by the
    # encoding given in the XML prefix of the document and default to
    # 'iso-8859-1' as per the HTTP specification (RFC 2616).

    # Then, assuming we didn't find a character encoding in the HTTP headers
    # (and the HTTP Content-type allowed us to look in the body), we need
    # to sniff the first few bytes of the XML data and try to determine
    # whether the encoding is ASCII-compatible.  Section F of the XML
    # specification shows the way here:
    # http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-guessing-no-ext-info

    # If the sniffed encoding is not ASCII-compatible, we need to make it
    # ASCII compatible so that we can sniff further into the XML declaration
    # to find the encoding attribute, which will tell us the true encoding.

    # Of course, none of this guarantees that we will be able to parse the
    # feed in the declared character encoding (assuming it was declared
    # correctly, which many are not).  iconv_codec can help a lot;
    # you should definitely install it if you can.
    # http://cjkpython.i18n.org/

    bom_encoding = ''
    xml_encoding = ''
    rfc3023_encoding = ''

    # Look at the first few bytes of the document to guess what
    # its encoding may be. We only need to decode enough of the
    # document that we can use an ASCII-compatible regular
    # expression to search for an XML encoding declaration.
    # The heuristic follows the XML specification, section F:
    # http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-guessing-no-ext-info
    # Check for BOMs first.
    if data[:4] == codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-32be'
        data = data[4:]
    elif data[:4] == codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-32le'
        data = data[4:]
    elif data[:2] == codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE and data[2:4] != ZERO_BYTES:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-16be'
        data = data[2:]
    elif data[:2] == codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE and data[2:4] != ZERO_BYTES:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-16le'
        data = data[2:]
    elif data[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-8'
        data = data[3:]
    # Check for the characters '<?xm' in several encodings.
    elif data[:4] == EBCDIC_MARKER:
        bom_encoding = 'cp037'
    elif data[:4] == UTF16BE_MARKER:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-16be'
    elif data[:4] == UTF16LE_MARKER:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-16le'
    elif data[:4] == UTF32BE_MARKER:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-32be'
    elif data[:4] == UTF32LE_MARKER:
        bom_encoding = 'utf-32le'

    tempdata = data
    try:
        if bom_encoding:
            tempdata = data.decode(bom_encoding).encode('utf-8')
    except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
        # feedparser recognizes UTF-32 encodings that aren't
        # available in Python 2.4 and 2.5, so it's possible to
        # encounter a LookupError during decoding.
        xml_encoding_match = None
    else:
        xml_encoding_match = RE_XML_PI_ENCODING.match(tempdata)

    if xml_encoding_match:
        xml_encoding = xml_encoding_match.groups()[0].decode('utf-8').lower()
        # Normalize the xml_encoding if necessary.
        if bom_encoding and (xml_encoding in (
            'u16', 'utf-16', 'utf16', 'utf_16',
            'u32', 'utf-32', 'utf32', 'utf_32',
            'iso-10646-ucs-2', 'iso-10646-ucs-4',
            'csucs4', 'csunicode', 'ucs-2', 'ucs-4'
        )):
            xml_encoding = bom_encoding

    # Find the HTTP Content-Type and, hopefully, a character
    # encoding provided by the server. The Content-Type is used
    # to choose the "correct" encoding among the BOM encoding,
    # XML declaration encoding, and HTTP encoding, following the
    # heuristic defined in RFC 3023.
    http_content_type = http_headers.get('content-type') or ''
    http_content_type, params = cgi.parse_header(http_content_type)
    http_encoding = params.get('charset', '').replace("'", "")
    if not isinstance(http_encoding, str):
        http_encoding = http_encoding.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')

    acceptable_content_type = 0
    application_content_types = ('application/xml', 'application/xml-dtd',
                                 'application/xml-external-parsed-entity')
    text_content_types = ('text/xml', 'text/xml-external-parsed-entity')
    if (http_content_type in application_content_types) or \
       (http_content_type.startswith('application/') and 
        http_content_type.endswith('+xml')):
        acceptable_content_type = 1
        rfc3023_encoding = http_encoding or xml_encoding or 'utf-8'
    elif (http_content_type in text_content_types) or \
         (http_content_type.startswith('text/') and
          http_content_type.endswith('+xml')):
        acceptable_content_type = 1
        rfc3023_encoding = http_encoding or 'us-ascii'
    elif http_content_type.startswith('text/'):
        rfc3023_encoding = http_encoding or 'us-ascii'
    elif http_headers and 'content-type' not in http_headers:
        rfc3023_encoding = xml_encoding or 'iso-8859-1'
    else:
        rfc3023_encoding = xml_encoding or 'utf-8'
    # gb18030 is a superset of gb2312, so always replace gb2312
    # with gb18030 for greater compatibility.
    if rfc3023_encoding.lower() == 'gb2312':
        rfc3023_encoding = 'gb18030'
    if xml_encoding.lower() == 'gb2312':
        xml_encoding = 'gb18030'

    # there are four encodings to keep track of:
    # - http_encoding is the encoding declared in the Content-Type HTTP header
    # - xml_encoding is the encoding declared in the <?xml declaration
    # - bom_encoding is the encoding sniffed from the first 4 bytes of the XML data
    # - rfc3023_encoding is the actual encoding, as per RFC 3023 and a variety of other conflicting specifications
    error = None

    if http_headers and (not acceptable_content_type):
        if 'content-type' in http_headers:
            msg = '%s is not an XML media type' % http_headers['content-type']
        else:
            msg = 'no Content-type specified'
        error = NonXMLContentType(msg)

    # determine character encoding
    known_encoding = 0
    chardet_encoding = None
    tried_encodings = []
    if chardet:
        chardet_encoding = chardet.detect(data)['encoding']
        if not chardet_encoding:
            chardet_encoding = ''
        if not isinstance(chardet_encoding, str):
            chardet_encoding = str(chardet_encoding, 'ascii', 'ignore')
    # try: HTTP encoding, declared XML encoding, encoding sniffed from BOM
    for proposed_encoding in (rfc3023_encoding, xml_encoding, bom_encoding,
                              chardet_encoding, 'utf-8', 'windows-1252', 'iso-8859-2'):
        if not proposed_encoding:
            continue
        if proposed_encoding in tried_encodings:
            continue
        tried_encodings.append(proposed_encoding)
        try:
            data = data.decode(proposed_encoding)
        except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
            pass
        else:
            known_encoding = 1
            # Update the encoding in the opening XML processing instruction.
            new_declaration = '''<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>'''
            if RE_XML_DECLARATION.search(data):
                data = RE_XML_DECLARATION.sub(new_declaration, data)
            else:
                data = new_declaration + '\n' + data
            data = data.encode('utf-8')
            break
    # if still no luck, give up
    if not known_encoding:
        error = CharacterEncodingUnknown(
            'document encoding unknown, I tried ' +
            '%s, %s, utf-8, windows-1252, and iso-8859-2 but nothing worked' %
            (rfc3023_encoding, xml_encoding))
        rfc3023_encoding = ''
    elif proposed_encoding != rfc3023_encoding:
        error = CharacterEncodingOverride(
            'document declared as %s, but parsed as %s' %
            (rfc3023_encoding, proposed_encoding))
        rfc3023_encoding = proposed_encoding

    return data, rfc3023_encoding, error

# Match XML entity declarations.
# Example: <!ENTITY copyright "(C)">
RE_ENTITY_PATTERN = re.compile(_s2bytes(r'^\s*<!ENTITY([^>]*?)>'), re.MULTILINE)

# Match XML DOCTYPE declarations.
# Example: <!DOCTYPE feed [ ]>
RE_DOCTYPE_PATTERN = re.compile(_s2bytes(r'^\s*<!DOCTYPE([^>]*?)>'), re.MULTILINE)

# Match safe entity declarations.
# This will allow hexadecimal character references through,
# as well as text, but not arbitrary nested entities.
# Example: cubed "&#179;"
# Example: copyright "(C)"
# Forbidden: explode1 "&explode2;&explode2;"
RE_SAFE_ENTITY_PATTERN = re.compile(_s2bytes('\s+(\w+)\s+"(&#\w+;|[^&"]*)"'))

def replace_doctype(data):
    '''Strips and replaces the DOCTYPE, returns (rss_version, stripped_data)

    rss_version may be 'rss091n' or None
    stripped_data is the same XML document with a replaced DOCTYPE
    '''

    # Divide the document into two groups by finding the location
    # of the first element that doesn't begin with '<?' or '<!'.
    start = re.search(_s2bytes('<\w'), data)
    start = start and start.start() or -1
    head, data = data[:start+1], data[start+1:]

    # Save and then remove all of the ENTITY declarations.
    entity_results = RE_ENTITY_PATTERN.findall(head)
    head = RE_ENTITY_PATTERN.sub(_s2bytes(''), head)

    # Find the DOCTYPE declaration and check the feed type.
    doctype_results = RE_DOCTYPE_PATTERN.findall(head)
    doctype = doctype_results and doctype_results[0] or _s2bytes('')
    if _s2bytes('netscape') in doctype.lower():
        version = 'rss091n'
    else:
        version = None

    # Re-insert the safe ENTITY declarations if a DOCTYPE was found.
    replacement = _s2bytes('')
    if len(doctype_results) == 1 and entity_results:
        match_safe_entities = lambda e: RE_SAFE_ENTITY_PATTERN.match(e)
        safe_entities = list(filter(match_safe_entities, entity_results))
        if safe_entities:
            replacement = _s2bytes('<!DOCTYPE feed [\n<!ENTITY') \
                        + _s2bytes('>\n<!ENTITY ').join(safe_entities) \
                        + _s2bytes('>\n]>')
    data = RE_DOCTYPE_PATTERN.sub(replacement, head) + data

    # Precompute the safe entities for the loose parser.
    safe_entities = dict((k.decode('utf-8'), v.decode('utf-8'))
                      for k, v in RE_SAFE_ENTITY_PATTERN.findall(replacement))
    return version, data, safe_entities

def parse(url_file_stream_or_string, etag=None, modified=None, agent=None, referrer=None, handlers=None, request_headers=None, response_headers=None):
    '''Parse a feed from a URL, file, stream, or string.

    request_headers, if given, is a dict from http header name to value to add
    to the request; this overrides internally generated values.
    '''

    if handlers is None:
        handlers = []
    if request_headers is None:
        request_headers = {}
    if response_headers is None:
        response_headers = {}

    result = FeedParserDict()
    result['feed'] = FeedParserDict()
    result['entries'] = []
    result['bozo'] = 0
    if not isinstance(handlers, list):
        handlers = [handlers]
    try:
        f = _open_resource(url_file_stream_or_string, etag, modified, agent, referrer, handlers, request_headers)
        data = f.read()
    except Exception as e:
        result['bozo'] = 1
        result['bozo_exception'] = e
        data = None
        f = None

    if hasattr(f, 'headers'):
        result['headers'] = dict(f.headers)
    # overwrite existing headers using response_headers
    if 'headers' in result:
        result['headers'].update(response_headers)
    elif response_headers:
        result['headers'] = copy.deepcopy(response_headers)

    # lowercase all of the HTTP headers for comparisons per RFC 2616
    if 'headers' in result:
        http_headers = dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in list(result['headers'].items()))
    else:
        http_headers = {}

    # if feed is gzip-compressed, decompress it
    if f and data and http_headers:
        if gzip and 'gzip' in http_headers.get('content-encoding', ''):
            try:
                data = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=_StringIO(data)).read()
            except (IOError, struct.error) as e:
                # IOError can occur if the gzip header is bad.
                # struct.error can occur if the data is damaged.
                result['bozo'] = 1
                result['bozo_exception'] = e
                if isinstance(e, struct.error):
                    # A gzip header was found but the data is corrupt.
                    # Ideally, we should re-request the feed without the
                    # 'Accept-encoding: gzip' header, but we don't.
                    data = None
        elif zlib and 'deflate' in http_headers.get('content-encoding', ''):
            try:
                data = zlib.decompress(data)
            except zlib.error as e:
                try:
                    # The data may have no headers and no checksum.
                    data = zlib.decompress(data, -15)
                except zlib.error as e:
                    result['bozo'] = 1
                    result['bozo_exception'] = e

    # save HTTP headers
    if http_headers:
        if 'etag' in http_headers:
            etag = http_headers.get('etag', '')
            if not isinstance(etag, str):
                etag = etag.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
            if etag:
                result['etag'] = etag
        if 'last-modified' in http_headers:
            modified = http_headers.get('last-modified', '')
            if modified:
                result['modified'] = modified
                result['modified_parsed'] = _parse_date(modified)
    if hasattr(f, 'url'):
        if not isinstance(f.url, str):
            result['href'] = f.url.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
        else:
            result['href'] = f.url
        result['status'] = 200
    if hasattr(f, 'status'):
        result['status'] = f.status
    if hasattr(f, 'close'):
        f.close()

    if data is None:
        return result

    # Stop processing if the server sent HTTP 304 Not Modified.
    if getattr(f, 'code', 0) == 304:
        result['status'] = 304
        result['version'] = ''
        result['debug_message'] = 'The feed has not changed since you last checked, ' + \
            'so the server sent no data.  This is a feature, not a bug!'
        return result

    data, result['encoding'], error = convert_to_utf8(http_headers, data)
    use_strict_parser = result['encoding'] and True or False
    if error is not None:
        result['bozo'] = 1
        result['bozo_exception'] = error

    result['version'], data, entities = replace_doctype(data)

    # Ensure that baseuri is an absolute URI using an acceptable URI scheme.
    contentloc = http_headers.get('content-location', '')
    href = result.get('href', '')
    baseuri = _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(href, contentloc) or _makeSafeAbsoluteURI(contentloc) or href

    baselang = http_headers.get('content-language', None)
    if not isinstance(baselang, str) and baselang is not None:
        baselang = baselang.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')

    if not _XML_AVAILABLE:
        use_strict_parser = 0
    if use_strict_parser:
        # initialize the SAX parser
        feedparser = _StrictFeedParser(baseuri, baselang, 'utf-8')
        saxparser = xml.sax.make_parser(PREFERRED_XML_PARSERS)
        saxparser.setFeature(xml.sax.handler.feature_namespaces, 1)
        try:
            # disable downloading external doctype references, if possible
            saxparser.setFeature(xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges, 0)
        except xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException:
            pass
        saxparser.setContentHandler(feedparser)
        saxparser.setErrorHandler(feedparser)
        source = xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource()
        source.setByteStream(_StringIO(data))
        try:
            saxparser.parse(source)
        except xml.sax.SAXException as e:
            result['bozo'] = 1
            result['bozo_exception'] = feedparser.exc or e
            use_strict_parser = 0
    if not use_strict_parser and _SGML_AVAILABLE:
        feedparser = _LooseFeedParser(baseuri, baselang, 'utf-8', entities)
        feedparser.feed(data.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
    result['feed'] = feedparser.feeddata
    result['entries'] = feedparser.entries
    result['version'] = result['version'] or feedparser.version
    result['namespaces'] = feedparser.namespacesInUse
    return result