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<title>Comparing and Merging Files: Incomplete Lines</title>

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<a name="Incomplete-Lines"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Comparing-Directories.html#Comparing-Directories" accesskey="n" rel="next">Comparing Directories</a>, Previous: <a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output Formats</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Index.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Incomplete-Lines-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Incomplete Lines</h2>
<a name="index-incomplete-lines"></a>
<a name="index-full-lines"></a>
<a name="index-newline-treatment-by-diff"></a>

<p>When an input file ends in a non-newline character, its last line is
called an <em>incomplete line</em> because its last character is not a
newline.  All other lines are called <em>full lines</em> and end in a
newline character.  Incomplete lines do not match full lines unless
differences in white space are ignored (see <a href="Comparison.html#White-Space">White Space</a>).
</p>
<p>An incomplete line is normally distinguished on output from a full
line by a following line that starts with &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;.  However, the
<acronym>RCS</acronym> format (see <a href="Output-Formats.html#RCS">RCS</a>) outputs the incomplete line as-is,
without any trailing newline or following line.  The side by side
format normally represents incomplete lines as-is, but in some cases
uses a &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>/</samp>&rsquo; gutter marker.  See <a href="Output-Formats.html#Side-by-Side">Side by Side</a>.  The
if-then-else line format preserves a line&rsquo;s incompleteness with
&lsquo;<samp>%L</samp>&rsquo;, and discards the newline with &lsquo;<samp>%l</samp>&rsquo;.  See <a href="Output-Formats.html#Line-Formats">Line Formats</a>.
Finally, with the <code>ed</code> and forward <code>ed</code>
output formats (see <a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>) <code>diff</code> cannot
represent an incomplete line, so it pretends there was a newline and
reports an error.
</p>
<p>For example, suppose <samp>F</samp> and <samp>G</samp> are one-byte files that
contain just &lsquo;<samp>f</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>g</samp>&rsquo;, respectively.  Then &lsquo;<samp>diff F G</samp>&rsquo;
outputs
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">1c1
&lt; f
\ No newline at end of file
---
&gt; g
\ No newline at end of file
</pre></div>

<p>(The exact message may differ in non-English locales.)
&lsquo;<samp>diff -n F G</samp>&rsquo; outputs the following without a trailing newline:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">d1 1
a1 1
g
</pre></div>

<p>&lsquo;<samp>diff -e F G</samp>&rsquo; reports two errors and outputs the following:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">1c
g
.
</pre></div>

<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Comparing-Directories.html#Comparing-Directories" accesskey="n" rel="next">Comparing Directories</a>, Previous: <a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output Formats</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Index.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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