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<title>Comparing and Merging Files: 3. Incomplete Lines</title>
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<a name="Incomplete-Lines-1"></a>
<h1 class="chapter">3. Incomplete Lines</h1>
<a name="index-incomplete-lines"></a>
<a name="index-full-lines"></a>
<a name="index-newline-treatment-by-diff"></a>
<p>When an input file ends in a non-newline character, its last line is
called an <em>incomplete line</em> because its last character is not a
newline. All other lines are called <em>full lines</em> and end in a
newline character. Incomplete lines do not match full lines unless
differences in white space are ignored (see section <a href="diffutils_2.html#White-Space">Suppressing Differences in Blank and Tab Spacing</a>).
</p>
<p>An incomplete line is normally distinguished on output from a full
line by a following line that starts with ‘<samp>\</samp>’. However, the
<acronym>RCS</acronym> format (see section <a href="diffutils_3.html#RCS"><acronym>RCS</acronym> Scripts</a>) outputs the incomplete line as-is,
without any trailing newline or following line. The side by side
format normally represents incomplete lines as-is, but in some cases
uses a ‘<samp>\</samp>’ or ‘<samp>/</samp>’ gutter marker; See section <a href="diffutils_3.html#Side-by-Side">Showing Differences Side by Side</a>. The
if-then-else line format preserves a line’s incompleteness with
‘<samp>%L</samp>’, and discards the newline with ‘<samp>%l</samp>’; See section <a href="diffutils_3.html#Line-Formats">Line Formats</a>. Finally, with the <code>ed</code> and forward <code>ed</code>
output formats (see section <a href="diffutils_3.html#Output-Formats"><code>diff</code> Output Formats</a>) <code>diff</code> cannot
represent an incomplete line, so it pretends there was a newline and
reports an error.
</p>
<p>For example, suppose ‘<tt>F</tt>’ and ‘<tt>G</tt>’ are one-byte files that
contain just ‘<samp>f</samp>’ and ‘<samp>g</samp>’, respectively. Then ‘<samp>diff F G</samp>’
outputs
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">1c1
< f
\ No newline at end of file
---
> g
\ No newline at end of file
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>(The exact message may differ in non-English locales.)
‘<samp>diff -n F G</samp>’ outputs the following without a trailing newline:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">d1 1
a1 1
g
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>‘<samp>diff -e F G</samp>’ reports two errors and outputs the following:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">1c
g
.
</pre></td></tr></table>
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