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KnownHosts
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ch.ethz.ssh2</FONT>
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Class KnownHosts</H2>
<PRE>
java.lang.Object
<IMG SRC="../../../resources/inherit.gif" ALT="extended by "><B>ch.ethz.ssh2.KnownHosts</B>
</PRE>
<HR>
<DL>
<DT><PRE>public class <B>KnownHosts</B><DT>extends java.lang.Object</DL>
</PRE>
<P>
The <code>KnownHosts</code> class is a handy tool to verify received server hostkeys
based on the information in <code>known_hosts</code> files (the ones used by OpenSSH).
<p>
It offers basically an in-memory database for known_hosts entries, as well as some
helper functions. Entries from a <code>known_hosts</code> file can be loaded at construction time.
It is also possible to add more keys later (e.g., one can parse different
<code>known_hosts<code> files).
<p>
It is a thread safe implementation, therefore, you need only to instantiate one
<code>KnownHosts</code> for your whole application.
<P>
<P>
<HR>
<P>
<!-- =========== FIELD SUMMARY =========== -->
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<CODE>static int</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED">HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED</A></B></CODE>
<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE>static int</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#HOSTKEY_IS_NEW">HOSTKEY_IS_NEW</A></B></CODE>
<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE>static int</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#HOSTKEY_IS_OK">HOSTKEY_IS_OK</A></B></CODE>
<BR>
</TD>
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<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#KnownHosts()">KnownHosts</A></B>()</CODE>
<BR>
</TD>
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<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#KnownHosts(char[])">KnownHosts</A></B>(char[] knownHostsData)</CODE>
<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#KnownHosts(java.io.File)">KnownHosts</A></B>(java.io.File knownHosts)</CODE>
<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
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<CODE> void</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#addHostkey(java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, byte[])">addHostkey</A></B>(java.lang.String[] hostnames,
java.lang.String serverHostKeyAlgorithm,
byte[] serverHostKey)</CODE>
<BR>
Adds a single public key entry to the database.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE> void</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#addHostkeys(char[])">addHostkeys</A></B>(char[] knownHostsData)</CODE>
<BR>
Parses the given known_hosts data and adds entries to the database.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE> void</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#addHostkeys(java.io.File)">addHostkeys</A></B>(java.io.File knownHosts)</CODE>
<BR>
Parses the given known_hosts file and adds entries to the database.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE>static void</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#addHostkeyToFile(java.io.File, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, byte[])">addHostkeyToFile</A></B>(java.io.File knownHosts,
java.lang.String[] hostnames,
java.lang.String serverHostKeyAlgorithm,
byte[] serverHostKey)</CODE>
<BR>
Adds a single public key entry to the a known_hosts file.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE>static java.lang.String</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#createBubblebabbleFingerprint(java.lang.String, byte[])">createBubblebabbleFingerprint</A></B>(java.lang.String keytype,
byte[] publickey)</CODE>
<BR>
Convert a ssh2 key-blob into a human readable bubblebabble fingerprint.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE>static java.lang.String</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#createHashedHostname(java.lang.String)">createHashedHostname</A></B>(java.lang.String hostname)</CODE>
<BR>
Generate the hashed representation of the given hostname.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE>static java.lang.String</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#createHexFingerprint(java.lang.String, byte[])">createHexFingerprint</A></B>(java.lang.String keytype,
byte[] publickey)</CODE>
<BR>
Convert a ssh2 key-blob into a human readable hex fingerprint.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE> java.lang.String[]</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#getPreferredServerHostkeyAlgorithmOrder(java.lang.String)">getPreferredServerHostkeyAlgorithmOrder</A></B>(java.lang.String hostname)</CODE>
<BR>
Try to find the preferred order of hostkey algorithms for the given hostname.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE="-1">
<CODE> int</CODE></FONT></TD>
<TD><CODE><B><A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/KnownHosts.html#verifyHostkey(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, byte[])">verifyHostkey</A></B>(java.lang.String hostname,
java.lang.String serverHostKeyAlgorithm,
byte[] serverHostKey)</CODE>
<BR>
Checks the internal hostkey database for the given hostkey.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="methods_inherited_from_class_java.lang.Object"><!-- --></A>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0" SUMMARY="">
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<TH ALIGN="left"><B>Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object</B></TH>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD><CODE>clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait</CODE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
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<A NAME="HOSTKEY_IS_OK"><!-- --></A><H3>
HOSTKEY_IS_OK</H3>
<PRE>
public static final int <B>HOSTKEY_IS_OK</B></PRE>
<DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>See Also:</B><DD><A HREF="../../../constant-values.html#ch.ethz.ssh2.KnownHosts.HOSTKEY_IS_OK">Constant Field Values</A></DL>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="HOSTKEY_IS_NEW"><!-- --></A><H3>
HOSTKEY_IS_NEW</H3>
<PRE>
public static final int <B>HOSTKEY_IS_NEW</B></PRE>
<DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>See Also:</B><DD><A HREF="../../../constant-values.html#ch.ethz.ssh2.KnownHosts.HOSTKEY_IS_NEW">Constant Field Values</A></DL>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED"><!-- --></A><H3>
HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED</H3>
<PRE>
public static final int <B>HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED</B></PRE>
<DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>See Also:</B><DD><A HREF="../../../constant-values.html#ch.ethz.ssh2.KnownHosts.HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED">Constant Field Values</A></DL>
</DL>
<!-- ========= CONSTRUCTOR DETAIL ======== -->
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<A NAME="KnownHosts()"><!-- --></A><H3>
KnownHosts</H3>
<PRE>
public <B>KnownHosts</B>()</PRE>
<DL>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="KnownHosts(char[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
KnownHosts</H3>
<PRE>
public <B>KnownHosts</B>(char[] knownHostsData)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE></DL>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="KnownHosts(java.io.File)"><!-- --></A><H3>
KnownHosts</H3>
<PRE>
public <B>KnownHosts</B>(java.io.File knownHosts)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE></DL>
</DL>
<!-- ============ METHOD DETAIL ========== -->
<A NAME="method_detail"><!-- --></A>
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<A NAME="addHostkey(java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, byte[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
addHostkey</H3>
<PRE>
public void <B>addHostkey</B>(java.lang.String[] hostnames,
java.lang.String serverHostKeyAlgorithm,
byte[] serverHostKey)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Adds a single public key entry to the database. Note: this will NOT add the public key
to any physical file (e.g., "~/.ssh/known_hosts") - use <code>addHostkeyToFile()</code> for that purpose.
This method is designed to be used in a <A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/ServerHostKeyVerifier.html" title="interface in ch.ethz.ssh2"><CODE>ServerHostKeyVerifier</CODE></A>.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>hostnames</CODE> - a list of hostname patterns - at least one most be specified. Check out the
OpenSSH sshd man page for a description of the pattern matching algorithm.<DD><CODE>serverHostKeyAlgorithm</CODE> - as passed to the <A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/ServerHostKeyVerifier.html" title="interface in ch.ethz.ssh2"><CODE>ServerHostKeyVerifier</CODE></A>.<DD><CODE>serverHostKey</CODE> - as passed to the <A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/ServerHostKeyVerifier.html" title="interface in ch.ethz.ssh2"><CODE>ServerHostKeyVerifier</CODE></A>.
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE></DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="addHostkeys(char[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
addHostkeys</H3>
<PRE>
public void <B>addHostkeys</B>(char[] knownHostsData)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Parses the given known_hosts data and adds entries to the database.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>knownHostsData</CODE> -
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE></DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="addHostkeys(java.io.File)"><!-- --></A><H3>
addHostkeys</H3>
<PRE>
public void <B>addHostkeys</B>(java.io.File knownHosts)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Parses the given known_hosts file and adds entries to the database.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>knownHosts</CODE> -
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE></DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="createHashedHostname(java.lang.String)"><!-- --></A><H3>
createHashedHostname</H3>
<PRE>
public static final java.lang.String <B>createHashedHostname</B>(java.lang.String hostname)</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Generate the hashed representation of the given hostname. Useful for adding entries
with hashed hostnames to a known_hosts file. (see -H option of OpenSSH key-gen).
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>hostname</CODE> -
<DT><B>Returns:</B><DD>the hashed representation, e.g., "|1|cDhrv7zwEUV3k71CEPHnhHZezhA=|Xo+2y6rUXo2OIWRAYhBOIijbJMA="</DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="getPreferredServerHostkeyAlgorithmOrder(java.lang.String)"><!-- --></A><H3>
getPreferredServerHostkeyAlgorithmOrder</H3>
<PRE>
public java.lang.String[] <B>getPreferredServerHostkeyAlgorithmOrder</B>(java.lang.String hostname)</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Try to find the preferred order of hostkey algorithms for the given hostname.
Based on the type of hostkey that is present in the internal database
(i.e., either <code>ssh-rsa</code> or <code>ssh-dss</code>)
an ordered list of hostkey algorithms is returned which can be passed
to <code>Connection.setServerHostKeyAlgorithms</code>.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>hostname</CODE> -
<DT><B>Returns:</B><DD><code>null</code> if no key for the given hostname is present or
there are keys of multiple types present for the given hostname. Otherwise,
an array with hostkey algorithms is returned (i.e., an array of length 2).</DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="verifyHostkey(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, byte[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
verifyHostkey</H3>
<PRE>
public int <B>verifyHostkey</B>(java.lang.String hostname,
java.lang.String serverHostKeyAlgorithm,
byte[] serverHostKey)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Checks the internal hostkey database for the given hostkey.
If no matching key can be found, then the hostname is resolved to an IP address
and the search is repeated using that IP address.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>hostname</CODE> - the server's hostname, will be matched with all hostname patterns<DD><CODE>serverHostKeyAlgorithm</CODE> - type of hostkey, either <code>ssh-rsa</code> or <code>ssh-dss</code><DD><CODE>serverHostKey</CODE> - the key blob
<DT><B>Returns:</B><DD><ul>
<li><code>HOSTKEY_IS_OK</code>: the given hostkey matches an entry for the given hostname</li>
<li><code>HOSTKEY_IS_NEW</code>: no entries found for this hostname and this type of hostkey</li>
<li><code>HOSTKEY_HAS_CHANGED</code>: hostname is known, but with another key of the same type
(man-in-the-middle attack?)</li>
</ul>
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE> - if the supplied key blob cannot be parsed or does not match the given hostkey type.</DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="addHostkeyToFile(java.io.File, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, byte[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
addHostkeyToFile</H3>
<PRE>
public static final void <B>addHostkeyToFile</B>(java.io.File knownHosts,
java.lang.String[] hostnames,
java.lang.String serverHostKeyAlgorithm,
byte[] serverHostKey)
throws java.io.IOException</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Adds a single public key entry to the a known_hosts file.
This method is designed to be used in a <A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/ServerHostKeyVerifier.html" title="interface in ch.ethz.ssh2"><CODE>ServerHostKeyVerifier</CODE></A>.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>knownHosts</CODE> - the file where the publickey entry will be appended.<DD><CODE>hostnames</CODE> - a list of hostname patterns - at least one most be specified. Check out the
OpenSSH sshd man page for a description of the pattern matching algorithm.<DD><CODE>serverHostKeyAlgorithm</CODE> - as passed to the <A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/ServerHostKeyVerifier.html" title="interface in ch.ethz.ssh2"><CODE>ServerHostKeyVerifier</CODE></A>.<DD><CODE>serverHostKey</CODE> - as passed to the <A HREF="../../../ch/ethz/ssh2/ServerHostKeyVerifier.html" title="interface in ch.ethz.ssh2"><CODE>ServerHostKeyVerifier</CODE></A>.
<DT><B>Throws:</B>
<DD><CODE>java.io.IOException</CODE></DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="createHexFingerprint(java.lang.String, byte[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
createHexFingerprint</H3>
<PRE>
public static final java.lang.String <B>createHexFingerprint</B>(java.lang.String keytype,
byte[] publickey)</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Convert a ssh2 key-blob into a human readable hex fingerprint.
Generated fingerprints are identical to those generated by OpenSSH.
<p>
Example fingerprint: d0:cb:76:19:99:5a:03:fc:73:10:70:93:f2:44:63:47.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>keytype</CODE> - either "ssh-rsa" or "ssh-dss"<DD><CODE>publickey</CODE> - key blob
<DT><B>Returns:</B><DD>Hex fingerprint</DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<HR>
<A NAME="createBubblebabbleFingerprint(java.lang.String, byte[])"><!-- --></A><H3>
createBubblebabbleFingerprint</H3>
<PRE>
public static final java.lang.String <B>createBubblebabbleFingerprint</B>(java.lang.String keytype,
byte[] publickey)</PRE>
<DL>
<DD>Convert a ssh2 key-blob into a human readable bubblebabble fingerprint.
The used bubblebabble algorithm (taken from OpenSSH) generates fingerprints
that are easier to remember for humans.
<p>
Example fingerprint: xofoc-bubuz-cazin-zufyl-pivuk-biduk-tacib-pybur-gonar-hotat-lyxux.
<P>
<DD><DL>
<DT><B>Parameters:</B><DD><CODE>keytype</CODE> - either "ssh-rsa" or "ssh-dss"<DD><CODE>publickey</CODE> - key data
<DT><B>Returns:</B><DD>Bubblebabble fingerprint</DL>
</DD>
</DL>
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