/usr/share/doc/pcb-common/pcb.html is in pcb-common 1:4.0.2-4.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
5579
5580
5581
5582
5583
5584
5585
5586
5587
5588
5589
5590
5591
5592
5593
5594
5595
5596
5597
5598
5599
5600
5601
5602
5603
5604
5605
5606
5607
5608
5609
5610
5611
5612
5613
5614
5615
5616
5617
5618
5619
5620
5621
5622
5623
5624
5625
5626
5627
5628
5629
5630
5631
5632
5633
5634
5635
5636
5637
5638
5639
5640
5641
5642
5643
5644
5645
5646
5647
5648
5649
5650
5651
5652
5653
5654
5655
5656
5657
5658
5659
5660
5661
5662
5663
5664
5665
5666
5667
5668
5669
5670
5671
5672
5673
5674
5675
5676
5677
5678
5679
5680
5681
5682
5683
5684
5685
5686
5687
5688
5689
5690
5691
5692
5693
5694
5695
5696
5697
5698
5699
5700
5701
5702
5703
5704
5705
5706
5707
5708
5709
5710
5711
5712
5713
5714
5715
5716
5717
5718
5719
5720
5721
5722
5723
5724
5725
5726
5727
5728
5729
5730
5731
5732
5733
5734
5735
5736
5737
5738
5739
5740
5741
5742
5743
5744
5745
5746
5747
5748
5749
5750
5751
5752
5753
5754
5755
5756
5757
5758
5759
5760
5761
5762
5763
5764
5765
5766
5767
5768
5769
5770
5771
5772
5773
5774
5775
5776
5777
5778
5779
5780
5781
5782
5783
5784
5785
5786
5787
5788
5789
5790
5791
5792
5793
5794
5795
5796
5797
5798
5799
5800
5801
5802
5803
5804
5805
5806
5807
5808
5809
5810
5811
5812
5813
5814
5815
5816
5817
5818
5819
5820
5821
5822
5823
5824
5825
5826
5827
5828
5829
5830
5831
5832
5833
5834
5835
5836
5837
5838
5839
5840
5841
5842
5843
5844
5845
5846
5847
5848
5849
5850
5851
5852
5853
5854
5855
5856
5857
5858
5859
5860
5861
5862
5863
5864
5865
5866
5867
5868
5869
5870
5871
5872
5873
5874
5875
5876
5877
5878
5879
5880
5881
5882
5883
5884
5885
5886
5887
5888
5889
5890
5891
5892
5893
5894
5895
5896
5897
5898
5899
5900
5901
5902
5903
5904
5905
5906
5907
5908
5909
5910
5911
5912
5913
5914
5915
5916
5917
5918
5919
5920
5921
5922
5923
5924
5925
5926
5927
5928
5929
5930
5931
5932
5933
5934
5935
5936
5937
5938
5939
5940
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
5950
5951
5952
5953
5954
5955
5956
5957
5958
5959
5960
5961
5962
5963
5964
5965
5966
5967
5968
5969
5970
5971
5972
5973
5974
5975
5976
5977
5978
5979
5980
5981
5982
5983
5984
5985
5986
5987
5988
5989
5990
5991
5992
5993
5994
5995
5996
5997
5998
5999
6000
6001
6002
6003
6004
6005
6006
6007
6008
6009
6010
6011
6012
6013
6014
6015
6016
6017
6018
6019
6020
6021
6022
6023
6024
6025
6026
6027
6028
6029
6030
6031
6032
6033
6034
6035
6036
6037
6038
6039
6040
6041
6042
6043
6044
6045
6046
6047
6048
6049
6050
6051
6052
6053
6054
6055
6056
6057
6058
6059
6060
6061
6062
6063
6064
6065
6066
6067
6068
6069
6070
6071
6072
6073
6074
6075
6076
6077
6078
6079
6080
6081
6082
6083
6084
6085
6086
6087
6088
6089
6090
6091
6092
6093
6094
6095
6096
6097
6098
6099
6100
6101
6102
6103
6104
6105
6106
6107
6108
6109
6110
6111
6112
6113
6114
6115
6116
6117
6118
6119
6120
6121
6122
6123
6124
6125
6126
6127
6128
6129
6130
6131
6132
6133
6134
6135
6136
6137
6138
6139
6140
6141
6142
6143
6144
6145
6146
6147
6148
6149
6150
6151
6152
6153
6154
6155
6156
6157
6158
6159
6160
6161
6162
6163
6164
6165
6166
6167
6168
6169
6170
6171
6172
6173
6174
6175
6176
6177
6178
6179
6180
6181
6182
6183
6184
6185
6186
6187
6188
6189
6190
6191
6192
6193
6194
6195
6196
6197
6198
6199
6200
6201
6202
6203
6204
6205
6206
6207
6208
6209
6210
6211
6212
6213
6214
6215
6216
6217
6218
6219
6220
6221
6222
6223
6224
6225
6226
6227
6228
6229
6230
6231
6232
6233
6234
6235
6236
6237
6238
6239
6240
6241
6242
6243
6244
6245
6246
6247
6248
6249
6250
6251
6252
6253
6254
6255
6256
6257
6258
6259
6260
6261
6262
6263
6264
6265
6266
6267
6268
6269
6270
6271
6272
6273
6274
6275
6276
6277
6278
6279
6280
6281
6282
6283
6284
6285
6286
6287
6288
6289
6290
6291
6292
6293
6294
6295
6296
6297
6298
6299
6300
6301
6302
6303
6304
6305
6306
6307
6308
6309
6310
6311
6312
6313
6314
6315
6316
6317
6318
6319
6320
6321
6322
6323
6324
6325
6326
6327
6328
6329
6330
6331
6332
6333
6334
6335
6336
6337
6338
6339
6340
6341
6342
6343
6344
6345
6346
6347
6348
6349
6350
6351
6352
6353
6354
6355
6356
6357
6358
6359
6360
6361
6362
6363
6364
6365
6366
6367
6368
6369
6370
6371
6372
6373
6374
6375
6376
6377
6378
6379
6380
6381
6382
6383
6384
6385
6386
6387
6388
6389
6390
6391
6392
6393
6394
6395
6396
6397
6398
6399
6400
6401
6402
6403
6404
6405
6406
6407
6408
6409
6410
6411
6412
6413
6414
6415
6416
6417
6418
6419
6420
6421
6422
6423
6424
6425
6426
6427
6428
6429
6430
6431
6432
6433
6434
6435
6436
6437
6438
6439
6440
6441
6442
6443
6444
6445
6446
6447
6448
6449
6450
6451
6452
6453
6454
6455
6456
6457
6458
6459
6460
6461
6462
6463
6464
6465
6466
6467
6468
6469
6470
6471
6472
6473
6474
6475
6476
6477
6478
6479
6480
6481
6482
6483
6484
6485
6486
6487
6488
6489
6490
6491
6492
6493
6494
6495
6496
6497
6498
6499
6500
6501
6502
6503
6504
6505
6506
6507
6508
6509
6510
6511
6512
6513
6514
6515
6516
6517
6518
6519
6520
6521
6522
6523
6524
6525
6526
6527
6528
6529
6530
6531
6532
6533
6534
6535
6536
6537
6538
6539
6540
6541
6542
6543
6544
6545
6546
6547
6548
6549
6550
6551
6552
6553
6554
6555
6556
6557
6558
6559
6560
6561
6562
6563
6564
6565
6566
6567
6568
6569
6570
6571
6572
6573
6574
6575
6576
6577
6578
6579
6580
6581
6582
6583
6584
6585
6586
6587
6588
6589
6590
6591
6592
6593
6594
6595
6596
6597
6598
6599
6600
6601
6602
6603
6604
6605
6606
6607
6608
6609
6610
6611
6612
6613
6614
6615
6616
6617
6618
6619
6620
6621
6622
6623
6624
6625
6626
6627
6628
6629
6630
6631
6632
6633
6634
6635
6636
6637
6638
6639
6640
6641
6642
6643
6644
6645
6646
6647
6648
6649
6650
6651
6652
6653
6654
6655
6656
6657
6658
6659
6660
6661
6662
6663
6664
6665
6666
6667
6668
6669
6670
6671
6672
6673
6674
6675
6676
6677
6678
6679
6680
6681
6682
6683
6684
6685
6686
6687
6688
6689
6690
6691
6692
6693
6694
6695
6696
6697
6698
6699
6700
6701
6702
6703
6704
6705
6706
6707
6708
6709
6710
6711
6712
6713
6714
6715
6716
6717
6718
6719
6720
6721
6722
6723
6724
6725
6726
6727
6728
6729
6730
6731
6732
6733
6734
6735
6736
6737
6738
6739
6740
6741
6742
6743
6744
6745
6746
6747
6748
6749
6750
6751
6752
6753
6754
6755
6756
6757
6758
6759
6760
6761
6762
6763
6764
6765
6766
6767
6768
6769
6770
6771
6772
6773
6774
6775
6776
6777
6778
6779
6780
6781
6782
6783
6784
6785
6786
6787
6788
6789
6790
6791
6792
6793
6794
6795
6796
6797
6798
6799
6800
6801
6802
6803
6804
6805
6806
6807
6808
6809
6810
6811
6812
6813
6814
6815
6816
6817
6818
6819
6820
6821
6822
6823
6824
6825
6826
6827
6828
6829
6830
6831
6832
6833
6834
6835
6836
6837
6838
6839
6840
6841
6842
6843
6844
6845
6846
6847
6848
6849
6850
6851
6852
6853
6854
6855
6856
6857
6858
6859
6860
6861
6862
6863
6864
6865
6866
6867
6868
6869
6870
6871
6872
6873
6874
6875
6876
6877
6878
6879
6880
6881
6882
6883
6884
6885
6886
6887
6888
6889
6890
6891
6892
6893
6894
6895
6896
6897
6898
6899
6900
6901
6902
6903
6904
6905
6906
6907
6908
6909
6910
6911
6912
6913
6914
6915
6916
6917
6918
6919
6920
6921
6922
6923
6924
6925
6926
6927
6928
6929
6930
6931
6932
6933
6934
6935
6936
6937
6938
6939
6940
6941
6942
6943
6944
6945
6946
6947
6948
6949
6950
6951
6952
6953
6954
6955
6956
6957
6958
6959
6960
6961
6962
6963
6964
6965
6966
6967
6968
6969
6970
6971
6972
6973
6974
6975
6976
6977
6978
6979
6980
6981
6982
6983
6984
6985
6986
6987
6988
6989
6990
6991
6992
6993
6994
6995
6996
6997
6998
6999
7000
7001
7002
7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012
7013
7014
7015
7016
7017
7018
7019
7020
7021
7022
7023
7024
7025
7026
7027
7028
7029
7030
7031
7032
7033
7034
7035
7036
7037
7038
7039
7040
7041
7042
7043
7044
7045
7046
7047
7048
7049
7050
7051
7052
7053
7054
7055
7056
7057
7058
7059
7060
7061
7062
7063
7064
7065
7066
7067
7068
7069
7070
7071
7072
7073
7074
7075
7076
7077
7078
7079
7080
7081
7082
7083
7084
7085
7086
7087
7088
7089
7090
7091
7092
7093
7094
7095
7096
7097
7098
7099
7100
7101
7102
7103
7104
7105
7106
7107
7108
7109
7110
7111
7112
7113
7114
7115
7116
7117
7118
7119
7120
7121
7122
7123
7124
7125
7126
7127
7128
7129
7130
7131
7132
7133
7134
7135
7136
7137
7138
7139
7140
7141
7142
7143
7144
7145
7146
7147
7148
7149
7150
7151
7152
7153
7154
7155
7156
7157
7158
7159
7160
7161
7162
7163
7164
7165
7166
7167
7168
7169
7170
7171
7172
7173
7174
7175
7176
7177
7178
7179
7180
7181
7182
7183
7184
7185
7186
7187
7188
7189
7190
7191
7192
7193
7194
7195
7196
7197
7198
7199
7200
7201
7202
7203
7204
7205
7206
7207
7208
7209
7210
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216
7217
7218
7219
7220
7221
7222
7223
7224
7225
7226
7227
7228
7229
7230
7231
7232
7233
7234
7235
7236
7237
7238
7239
7240
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7246
7247
7248
7249
7250
7251
7252
7253
7254
7255
7256
7257
7258
7259
7260
7261
7262
7263
7264
7265
7266
7267
7268
7269
7270
7271
7272
7273
7274
7275
7276
7277
7278
7279
7280
7281
7282
7283
7284
7285
7286
7287
7288
7289
7290
7291
7292
7293
7294
7295
7296
7297
7298
7299
7300
7301
7302
7303
7304
7305
7306
7307
7308
7309
7310
7311
7312
7313
7314
7315
7316
7317
7318
7319
7320
7321
7322
7323
7324
7325
7326
7327
7328
7329
7330
7331
7332
7333
7334
7335
7336
7337
7338
7339
7340
7341
7342
7343
7344
7345
7346
7347
7348
7349
7350
7351
7352
7353
7354
7355
7356
7357
7358
7359
7360
7361
7362
7363
7364
7365
7366
7367
7368
7369
7370
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7377
7378
7379
7380
7381
7382
7383
7384
7385
7386
7387
7388
7389
7390
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
7396
7397
7398
7399
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7415
7416
7417
7418
7419
7420
7421
7422
7423
7424
7425
7426
7427
7428
7429
7430
7431
7432
7433
7434
7435
7436
7437
7438
7439
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7449
7450
7451
7452
7453
7454
7455
7456
7457
7458
7459
7460
7461
7462
7463
7464
7465
7466
7467
7468
7469
7470
7471
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7477
7478
7479
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
7485
7486
7487
7488
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
7497
7498
7499
7500
7501
7502
7503
7504
7505
7506
7507
7508
7509
7510
7511
7512
7513
7514
7515
7516
7517
7518
7519
7520
7521
7522
7523
7524
7525
7526
7527
7528
7529
7530
7531
7532
7533
7534
7535
7536
7537
7538
7539
7540
7541
7542
7543
7544
7545
7546
7547
7548
7549
7550
7551
7552
7553
7554
7555
7556
7557
7558
7559
7560
7561
7562
7563
7564
7565
7566
7567
7568
7569
7570
7571
7572
7573
7574
7575
7576
7577
7578
7579
7580
7581
7582
7583
7584
7585
7586
7587
7588
7589
7590
7591
7592
7593
7594
7595
7596
7597
7598
7599
7600
7601
7602
7603
7604
7605
7606
7607
7608
7609
7610
7611
7612
7613
7614
7615
7616
7617
7618
7619
7620
7621
7622
7623
7624
7625
7626
7627
7628
7629
7630
7631
7632
7633
7634
7635
7636
7637
7638
7639
7640
7641
7642
7643
7644
7645
7646
7647
7648
7649
7650
7651
7652
7653
7654
7655
7656
7657
7658
7659
7660
7661
7662
7663
7664
7665
7666
7667
7668
7669
7670
7671
7672
7673
7674
7675
7676
7677
7678
7679
7680
7681
7682
7683
7684
7685
7686
7687
7688
7689
7690
7691
7692
7693
7694
7695
7696
7697
7698
7699
7700
7701
7702
7703
7704
7705
7706
7707
7708
7709
7710
7711
7712
7713
7714
7715
7716
7717
7718
7719
7720
7721
7722
7723
7724
7725
7726
7727
7728
7729
7730
7731
7732
7733
7734
7735
7736
7737
7738
7739
7740
7741
7742
7743
7744
7745
7746
7747
7748
7749
7750
7751
7752
7753
7754
7755
7756
7757
7758
7759
7760
7761
7762
7763
7764
7765
7766
7767
7768
7769
7770
7771
7772
7773
7774
7775
7776
7777
7778
7779
7780
7781
7782
7783
7784
7785
7786
7787
7788
7789
7790
7791
7792
7793
7794
7795
7796
7797
7798
7799
7800
7801
7802
7803
7804
7805
7806
7807
7808
7809
7810
7811
7812
7813
7814
7815
7816
7817
7818
7819
7820
7821
7822
7823
7824
7825
7826
7827
7828
7829
7830
7831
7832
7833
7834
7835
7836
7837
7838
7839
7840
7841
7842
7843
7844
7845
7846
7847
7848
7849
7850
7851
7852
7853
7854
7855
7856
7857
7858
7859
7860
7861
7862
7863
7864
7865
7866
7867
7868
7869
7870
7871
7872
7873
7874
7875
7876
7877
7878
7879
7880
7881
7882
7883
7884
7885
7886
7887
7888
7889
7890
7891
7892
7893
7894
7895
7896
7897
7898
7899
7900
7901
7902
7903
7904
7905
7906
7907
7908
7909
7910
7911
7912
7913
7914
7915
7916
7917
7918
7919
7920
7921
7922
7923
7924
7925
7926
7927
7928
7929
7930
7931
7932
7933
7934
7935
7936
7937
7938
7939
7940
7941
7942
7943
7944
7945
7946
7947
7948
7949
7950
7951
7952
7953
7954
7955
7956
7957
7958
7959
7960
7961
7962
7963
7964
7965
7966
7967
7968
7969
7970
7971
7972
7973
7974
7975
7976
7977
7978
7979
7980
7981
7982
7983
7984
7985
7986
7987
7988
7989
7990
7991
7992
7993
7994
7995
7996
7997
7998
7999
8000
8001
8002
8003
8004
8005
8006
8007
8008
8009
8010
8011
8012
8013
8014
8015
8016
8017
8018
8019
8020
8021
8022
8023
8024
8025
8026
8027
8028
8029
8030
8031
8032
8033
8034
8035
8036
8037
8038
8039
8040
8041
8042
8043
8044
8045
8046
8047
8048
8049
8050
8051
8052
8053
8054
8055
8056
8057
8058
8059
8060
8061
8062
8063
8064
8065
8066
8067
8068
8069
8070
8071
8072
8073
8074
8075
8076
8077
8078
8079
8080
8081
8082
8083
8084
8085
8086
8087
8088
8089
8090
8091
8092
8093
8094
8095
8096
8097
8098
8099
8100
8101
8102
8103
8104
8105
8106
8107
8108
8109
8110
8111
8112
8113
8114
8115
8116
8117
8118
8119
8120
8121
8122
8123
8124
8125
8126
8127
8128
8129
8130
8131
8132
8133
8134
8135
8136
8137
8138
8139
8140
8141
8142
8143
8144
8145
8146
8147
8148
8149
8150
8151
8152
8153
8154
8155
8156
8157
8158
8159
8160
8161
8162
8163
8164
8165
8166
8167
8168
8169
8170
8171
8172
8173
8174
8175
8176
8177
8178
8179
8180
8181
8182
8183
8184
8185
8186
8187
8188
8189
8190
8191
8192
8193
8194
8195
8196
8197
8198
8199
8200
8201
8202
8203
8204
8205
8206
8207
8208
8209
8210
8211
8212
8213
8214
8215
8216
8217
8218
8219
8220
8221
8222
8223
8224
8225
8226
8227
8228
8229
8230
8231
8232
8233
8234
8235
8236
8237
8238
8239
8240
8241
8242
8243
8244
8245
8246
8247
8248
8249
8250
8251
8252
8253
8254
8255
8256
8257
8258
8259
8260
8261
8262
8263
8264
8265
8266
8267
8268
8269
8270
8271
8272
8273
8274
8275
8276
8277
8278
8279
8280
8281
8282
8283
8284
8285
8286
8287
8288
8289
8290
8291
8292
8293
8294
8295
8296
8297
8298
8299
8300
8301
8302
8303
8304
8305
8306
8307
8308
8309
8310
8311
8312
8313
8314
8315
8316
8317
8318
8319
8320
8321
8322
8323
8324
8325
8326
8327
8328
8329
8330
8331
8332
8333
8334
8335
8336
8337
8338
8339
8340
8341
8342
8343
8344
8345
8346
8347
8348
8349
8350
8351
8352
8353
8354
8355
8356
8357
8358
8359
8360
8361
8362
8363
8364
8365
8366
8367
8368
8369
8370
8371
8372
8373
8374
8375
8376
8377
8378
8379
8380
8381
8382
8383
8384
8385
8386
8387
8388
8389
8390
8391
8392
8393
8394
8395
8396
8397
8398
8399
8400
8401
8402
8403
8404
8405
8406
8407
8408
8409
8410
8411
8412
8413
8414
8415
8416
8417
8418
8419
8420
8421
8422
8423
8424
8425
8426
8427
8428
8429
8430
8431
8432
8433
8434
8435
8436
8437
8438
8439
8440
8441
8442
8443
8444
8445
8446
8447
8448
8449
8450
8451
8452
8453
8454
8455
8456
8457
8458
8459
8460
8461
8462
8463
8464
8465
8466
8467
8468
8469
8470
8471
8472
8473
8474
8475
8476
8477
8478
8479
8480
8481
8482
8483
8484
8485
8486
8487
8488
8489
8490
8491
8492
8493
8494
8495
8496
8497
8498
8499
8500
8501
8502
8503
8504
8505
8506
8507
8508
8509
8510
8511
8512
8513
8514
8515
8516
8517
8518
8519
8520
8521
8522
8523
8524
8525
8526
8527
8528
8529
8530
8531
8532
8533
8534
8535
8536
8537
8538
8539
8540
8541
8542
8543
8544
8545
8546
8547
8548
8549
8550
8551
8552
8553
8554
8555
8556
8557
8558
8559
8560
8561
8562
8563
8564
8565
8566
8567
8568
8569
8570
8571
8572
8573
8574
8575
8576
8577
8578
8579
8580
8581
8582
8583
8584
8585
8586
8587
8588
8589
8590
8591
8592
8593
8594
8595
8596
8597
8598
8599
8600
8601
8602
8603
8604
8605
8606
8607
8608
8609
8610
8611
8612
8613
8614
8615
8616
8617
8618
8619
8620
8621
8622
8623
8624
8625
8626
8627
8628
8629
8630
8631
8632
8633
8634
8635
8636
8637
8638
8639
8640
8641
8642
8643
8644
8645
8646
8647
8648
8649
8650
8651
8652
8653
8654
8655
8656
8657
8658
8659
8660
8661
8662
8663
8664
8665
8666
8667
8668
8669
8670
8671
8672
8673
8674
8675
8676
8677
8678
8679
8680
8681
8682
8683
8684
8685
8686
8687
8688
8689
8690
8691
8692
8693
8694
8695
8696
8697
8698
8699
8700
8701
8702
8703
8704
8705
8706
8707
8708
8709
8710
8711
8712
8713
8714
8715
8716
8717
8718
8719
8720
8721
8722
8723
8724
8725
8726
8727
8728
8729
8730
8731
8732
8733
8734
8735
8736
8737
8738
8739
8740
8741
8742
8743
8744
8745
8746
8747
8748
8749
8750
8751
8752
8753
8754
8755
8756
8757
8758
8759
8760
8761
8762
8763
8764
8765
8766
8767
8768
8769
8770
8771
8772
8773
8774
8775
8776
8777
8778
8779
8780
8781
8782
8783
8784
8785
8786
8787
8788
8789
8790
8791
8792
8793
8794
8795
8796
8797
8798
8799
8800
8801
8802
8803
8804
8805
8806
8807
8808
8809
8810
8811
8812
8813
8814
8815
8816
8817
8818
8819
8820
8821
8822
8823
8824
8825
8826
8827
8828
8829
8830
8831
8832
8833
8834
8835
8836
8837
8838
8839
8840
8841
8842
8843
8844
8845
8846
8847
8848
8849
8850
8851
8852
8853
8854
8855
8856
8857
8858
8859
8860
8861
8862
8863
8864
8865
8866
8867
8868
8869
8870
8871
8872
8873
8874
8875
8876
8877
8878
8879
8880
8881
8882
8883
8884
8885
8886
8887
8888
8889
8890
8891
8892
8893
8894
8895
8896
8897
8898
8899
8900
8901
8902
8903
8904
8905
8906
8907
8908
8909
8910
8911
8912
8913
8914
8915
8916
8917
8918
8919
8920
8921
8922
8923
8924
8925
8926
8927
8928
8929
8930
8931
8932
8933
8934
8935
8936
8937
8938
8939
8940
8941
8942
8943
8944
8945
8946
8947
8948
8949
8950
8951
8952
8953
8954
8955
8956
8957
8958
8959
8960
8961
8962
8963
8964
8965
8966
8967
8968
8969
8970
8971
8972
8973
8974
8975
8976
8977
8978
8979
8980
8981
8982
8983
8984
8985
8986
8987
8988
8989
8990
8991
8992
8993
8994
8995
8996
8997
8998
8999
9000
9001
9002
9003
9004
9005
9006
9007
9008
9009
9010
9011
9012
9013
9014
9015
9016
9017
9018
9019
9020
9021
9022
9023
9024
9025
9026
9027
9028
9029
9030
9031
9032
9033
9034
9035
9036
9037
9038
9039
9040
9041
9042
9043
9044
9045
9046
9047
9048
9049
9050
9051
9052
9053
9054
9055
9056
9057
9058
9059
9060
9061
9062
9063
9064
9065
9066
9067
9068
9069
9070
9071
9072
9073
9074
9075
9076
9077
9078
9079
9080
9081
9082
9083
9084
9085
9086
9087
9088
9089
9090
9091
9092
9093
9094
9095
9096
9097
9098
9099
9100
9101
9102
9103
9104
9105
9106
9107
9108
9109
9110
9111
9112
9113
9114
9115
9116
9117
9118
9119
9120
9121
9122
9123
9124
9125
9126
9127
9128
9129
9130
9131
9132
9133
9134
9135
9136
9137
9138
9139
9140
9141
9142
9143
9144
9145
9146
9147
9148
9149
9150
9151
9152
9153
9154
9155
9156
9157
9158
9159
9160
9161
9162
9163
9164
9165
9166
9167
9168
9169
9170
9171
9172
9173
9174
9175
9176
9177
9178
9179
9180
9181
9182
9183
9184
9185
9186
9187
9188
9189
9190
9191
9192
9193
9194
9195
9196
9197
9198
9199
9200
9201
9202
9203
9204
9205
9206
9207
9208
9209
9210
9211
9212
9213
9214
9215
9216
9217
9218
9219
9220
9221
9222
9223
9224
9225
9226
9227
9228
9229
9230
9231
9232
9233
9234
9235
9236
9237
9238
9239
9240
9241
9242
9243
9244
9245
9246
9247
9248
9249
9250
9251
9252
9253
9254
9255
9256
9257
9258
9259
9260
9261
9262
9263
9264
9265
9266
9267
9268
9269
9270
9271
9272
9273
9274
9275
9276
9277
9278
9279
9280
9281
9282
9283
9284
9285
9286
9287
9288
9289
9290
9291
9292
9293
9294
9295
9296
9297
9298
9299
9300
9301
9302
9303
9304
9305
9306
9307
9308
9309
9310
9311
9312
9313
9314
9315
9316
9317
9318
9319
9320
9321
9322
9323
9324
9325
9326
9327
9328
9329
9330
9331
9332
9333
9334
9335
9336
9337
9338
9339
9340
9341
9342
9343
9344
9345
9346
9347
9348
9349
9350
9351
9352
9353
9354
9355
9356
9357
9358
9359
9360
9361
9362
9363
9364
9365
9366
9367
9368
9369
9370
9371
9372
9373
9374
9375
9376
9377
9378
9379
9380
9381
9382
9383
9384
9385
9386
9387
9388
9389
9390
9391
9392
9393
9394
9395
9396
9397
9398
9399
9400
9401
9402
9403
9404
9405
9406
9407
9408
9409
9410
9411
9412
9413
9414
9415
9416
9417
9418
9419
9420
9421
9422
9423
9424
9425
9426
9427
9428
9429
9430
9431
9432
9433
9434
9435
9436
9437
9438
9439
9440
9441
9442
9443
9444
9445
9446
9447
9448
9449
9450
9451
9452
9453
9454
9455
9456
9457
9458
9459
9460
9461
9462
9463
9464
9465
9466
9467
9468
9469
9470
9471
9472
9473
9474
9475
9476
9477
9478
9479
9480
9481
9482
9483
9484
9485
9486
9487
9488
9489
9490
9491
9492
9493
9494
9495
9496
9497
9498
9499
9500
9501
9502
9503
9504
9505
9506
9507
9508
9509
9510
9511
9512
9513
9514
9515
9516
9517
9518
9519
9520
9521
9522
9523
9524
9525
9526
9527
9528
9529
9530
9531
9532
9533
9534
9535
9536
9537
9538
9539
9540
9541
9542
9543
9544
9545
9546
9547
9548
9549
9550
9551
9552
9553
9554
9555
9556
9557
9558
9559
9560
9561
9562
9563
9564
9565
9566
9567
9568
9569
9570
9571
9572
9573
9574
9575
9576
9577
9578
9579
9580
9581
9582
9583
9584
9585
9586
9587
9588
9589
9590
9591
9592
9593
9594
9595
9596
9597
9598
9599
9600
9601
9602
9603
9604
9605
9606
9607
9608
9609
9610
9611
9612
9613
9614
9615
9616
9617
9618
9619
9620
9621
9622
9623
9624
9625
9626
9627
9628
9629
9630
9631
9632
9633
9634
9635
9636
9637
9638
9639
9640
9641
9642
9643
9644
9645
9646
9647
9648
9649
9650
9651
9652
9653
9654
9655
9656
9657
9658
9659
9660
9661
9662
9663
9664
9665
9666
9667
9668
9669
9670
9671
9672
9673
9674
9675
9676
9677
9678
9679
9680
9681
9682
9683
9684
9685
9686
9687
9688
9689
9690
9691
9692
9693
9694
9695
9696
9697
9698
9699
9700
9701
9702
9703
9704
9705
9706
9707
9708
9709
9710
9711
9712
9713
9714
9715
9716
9717
9718
9719
9720
9721
9722
9723
9724
9725
9726
9727
9728
9729
9730
9731
9732
9733
9734
9735
9736
9737
9738
9739
9740
9741
9742
9743
9744
9745
9746
9747
9748
9749
9750
9751
9752
9753
9754
9755
9756
9757
9758
9759
9760
9761
9762
9763
9764
9765
9766
9767
9768
9769
9770
9771
9772
9773
9774
9775
9776
9777
9778
9779
9780
9781
9782
9783
9784
9785
9786
9787
9788
9789
9790
9791
9792
9793
9794
9795
9796
9797
9798
9799
9800
9801
9802
9803
9804
9805
9806
9807
9808
9809
9810
9811
9812
9813
9814
9815
9816
9817
9818
9819
9820
9821
9822
9823
9824
9825
9826
9827
9828
9829
9830
9831
9832
9833
9834
9835
9836
9837
9838
9839
9840
9841
9842
9843
9844
9845
9846
9847
9848
9849
9850
9851
9852
9853
9854
9855
9856
9857
9858
9859
9860
9861
9862
9863
9864
9865
9866
9867
9868
9869
9870
9871
9872
9873
9874
9875
9876
9877
9878
9879
9880
9881
9882
9883
9884
9885
9886
9887
9888
9889
9890
9891
9892
9893
9894
9895
9896
9897
9898
9899
9900
9901
9902
9903
9904
9905
9906
9907
9908
9909
9910
9911
9912
9913
9914
9915
9916
9917
9918
9919
9920
9921
9922
9923
9924
9925
9926
9927
9928
9929
9930
9931
9932
9933
9934
9935
9936
9937
9938
9939
9940
9941
9942
9943
9944
9945
9946
9947
9948
9949
9950
9951
9952
9953
9954
9955
9956
9957
9958
9959
9960
9961
9962
9963
9964
9965
9966
9967
9968
9969
9970
9971
9972
9973
9974
9975
9976
9977
9978
9979
9980
9981
9982
9983
9984
9985
9986
9987
9988
9989
9990
9991
9992
9993
9994
9995
9996
9997
9998
9999
10000
10001
10002
10003
10004
10005
10006
10007
10008
10009
10010
10011
10012
10013
10014
10015
10016
10017
10018
10019
10020
10021
10022
10023
10024
10025
10026
10027
10028
10029
10030
10031
10032
10033
10034
10035
10036
10037
10038
10039
10040
10041
10042
10043
10044
10045
10046
10047
10048
10049
10050
10051
10052
10053
10054
10055
10056
10057
10058
10059
10060
10061
10062
10063
10064
10065
10066
10067
10068
10069
10070
10071
10072
10073
10074
10075
10076
10077
10078
10079
10080
10081
10082
10083
10084
10085
10086
10087
10088
10089
10090
10091
10092
10093
10094
10095
10096
10097
10098
10099
10100
10101
10102
10103
10104
10105
10106
10107
10108
10109
10110
10111
10112
10113
10114
10115
10116
10117
10118
10119
10120
10121
10122
10123
10124
10125
10126
10127
10128
10129
10130
10131
10132
10133
10134
10135
10136
10137
10138
10139
10140
10141
10142
10143
10144
10145
10146
10147
10148
10149
10150
10151
10152
10153
10154
10155
10156
10157
10158
10159
10160
10161
10162
10163
10164
10165
10166
10167
10168
10169
10170
10171
10172
10173
10174
10175
10176
10177
10178
10179
10180
10181
10182
10183
10184
10185
10186
10187
10188
10189
10190
10191
10192
10193
10194
10195
10196
10197
10198
10199
10200
10201
10202
10203
10204
10205
10206
10207
10208
10209
10210
10211
10212
10213
10214
10215
10216
10217
10218
10219
10220
10221
10222
10223
10224
10225
10226
10227
10228
10229
10230
10231
10232
10233
10234
10235
10236
10237
10238
10239
10240
10241
10242
10243
10244
10245
10246
10247
10248
10249
10250
10251
10252
10253
10254
10255
10256
10257
10258
10259
10260
10261
10262
10263
10264
10265
10266
10267
10268
10269
10270
10271
10272
10273
10274
10275
10276
10277
10278
10279
10280
10281
10282
10283
10284
10285
10286
10287
10288
10289
10290
10291
10292
10293
10294
10295
10296
10297
10298
10299
10300
10301
10302
10303
10304
10305
10306
10307
10308
10309
10310
10311
10312
10313
10314
10315
10316
10317
10318
10319
10320
10321
10322
10323
10324
10325
10326
10327
10328
10329
10330
10331
10332
10333
10334
10335
10336
10337
10338
10339
10340
10341
10342
10343
10344
10345
10346
10347
10348
10349
10350
10351
10352
10353
10354
10355
10356
10357
10358
10359
10360
10361
10362
10363
10364
10365
10366
10367
10368
10369
10370
10371
10372
10373
10374
10375
10376
10377
10378
10379
10380
10381
10382
10383
10384
10385
10386
10387
10388
10389
10390
10391
10392
10393
10394
10395
10396
10397
10398
10399
10400
10401
10402
10403
10404
10405
10406
10407
10408
10409
10410
10411
10412
10413
10414
10415
10416
10417
10418
10419
10420
10421
10422
10423
10424
10425
10426
10427
10428
10429
10430
10431
10432
10433
10434
10435
10436
10437
10438
10439
10440
10441
10442
10443
10444
10445
10446
10447
10448
10449
10450
10451
10452
10453
10454
10455
10456
10457
10458
10459
10460
10461
10462
10463
10464
10465
10466
10467
10468
10469
10470
10471
10472
10473
10474
10475
10476
10477
10478
10479
10480
10481
10482
10483
10484
10485
10486
10487
10488
10489
10490
10491
10492
10493
10494
10495
10496
10497
10498
10499
10500
10501
10502
10503
10504
10505
10506
10507
10508
10509
10510
10511
10512
10513
10514
10515
10516
10517
10518
10519
10520
10521
10522
10523
10524
10525
10526
10527
10528
10529
10530
10531
10532
10533
10534
10535
10536
10537
10538
10539
10540
10541
10542
10543
10544
10545
10546
10547
10548
10549
10550
10551
10552
10553
10554
10555
10556
10557
10558
10559
10560
10561
10562
10563
10564
10565
10566
10567
10568
10569
10570
10571
10572
10573
10574
10575
10576
10577
10578
10579
10580
10581
10582
10583
10584
10585
10586
10587
10588
10589
10590
10591
10592
10593
10594
10595
10596
10597
10598
10599
10600
10601
10602
10603
10604
10605
10606
10607
10608
10609
10610
10611
10612
10613
10614
10615
10616
10617
10618
10619
10620
10621
10622
10623
10624
10625
10626
10627
10628
10629
10630
10631
10632
10633
10634
10635
10636
10637
10638
10639
10640
10641
10642
10643
10644
10645
10646
10647
10648
10649
10650
10651
10652
10653
10654
10655
10656
10657
10658
10659
10660
10661
10662
10663
10664
10665
10666
10667
10668
10669
10670
10671
10672
10673
10674
10675
10676
10677
10678
10679
10680
10681
10682
10683
10684
10685
10686
10687
10688
10689
10690
10691
10692
10693
10694
10695
10696
10697
10698
10699
10700
10701
10702
10703
10704
10705
10706
10707
10708
10709
10710
10711
10712
10713
10714
10715
10716
10717
10718
10719
10720
10721
10722
10723
10724
10725
10726
10727
10728
10729
10730
10731
10732
10733
10734
10735
10736
10737
10738
10739
10740
10741
10742
10743
10744
10745
10746
10747
10748
10749
10750
10751
10752
10753
10754
10755
10756
10757
10758
10759
10760
10761
10762
10763
10764
10765
10766
10767
10768
10769
10770
10771
10772
10773
10774
10775
10776
10777
10778
10779
10780
10781
10782
10783
10784
10785
10786
10787
10788
10789
10790
10791
10792
10793
10794
10795
10796
10797
10798
10799
10800
10801
10802
10803
10804
10805
10806
10807
10808
10809
10810
10811
10812
10813
10814
10815
10816
10817
10818
10819
10820
10821
10822
10823
10824
10825
10826
10827
10828
10829
10830
10831
10832
10833
10834
10835
10836
10837
10838
10839
10840
10841
10842
10843
10844
10845
10846
10847
10848
10849
10850
10851
10852
10853
10854
10855
10856
10857
10858
10859
10860
10861
10862
10863
10864
10865
10866
10867
10868
10869
10870
10871
10872
10873
10874
10875
10876
10877
10878
10879
10880
10881
10882
10883
10884
10885
10886
10887
10888
10889
10890
10891
10892
10893
10894
10895
10896
10897
10898
10899
10900
10901
10902
10903
10904
10905
10906
10907
10908
10909
10910
10911
10912
10913
10914
10915
10916
10917
10918
10919
10920
10921
10922
10923
10924
10925
10926
10927
10928
10929
10930
10931
10932
10933
10934
10935
10936
10937
10938
10939
10940
10941
10942
10943
10944
10945
10946
10947
10948
10949
10950
10951
10952
10953
10954
10955
10956
10957
10958
10959
10960
10961
10962
10963
10964
10965
10966
10967
10968
10969
10970
10971
10972
10973
10974
10975
10976
10977
10978
10979
10980
10981
10982
10983
10984
10985
10986
10987
10988
10989
10990
10991
10992
10993
10994
10995
10996
10997
10998
10999
11000
11001
11002
11003
11004
11005
11006
11007
11008
11009
11010
11011
11012
11013
11014
11015
11016
11017
11018
11019
11020
11021
11022
11023
11024
11025
11026
11027
11028
11029
11030
11031
11032
11033
11034
11035
11036
11037
11038
11039
11040
11041
11042
11043
11044
11045
11046
11047
11048
11049
11050
11051
11052
11053
11054
11055
11056
11057
11058
11059
11060
11061
11062
11063
11064
11065
11066
11067
11068
11069
11070
11071
11072
11073
11074
11075
11076
11077
11078
11079
11080
11081
11082
11083
11084
11085
11086
11087
11088
11089
11090
11091
11092
11093
11094
11095
11096
11097
11098
11099
11100
11101
11102
11103
11104
11105
11106
11107
11108
11109
11110
11111
11112
11113
11114
11115
11116
11117
11118
11119
11120
11121
11122
11123
11124
11125
11126
11127
11128
11129
11130
11131
11132
11133
11134
11135
11136
11137
11138
11139
11140
11141
11142
11143
11144
11145
11146
11147
11148
11149
11150
11151
11152
11153
11154
11155
11156
11157
11158
11159
11160
11161
11162
11163
11164
11165
11166
11167
11168
11169
11170
11171
11172
11173
11174
11175
11176
11177
11178
11179
11180
11181
11182
11183
11184
11185
11186
11187
11188
11189
11190
11191
11192
11193
11194
11195
11196
11197
11198
11199
11200
11201
11202
11203
11204
11205
11206
11207
11208
11209
11210
11211
11212
11213
11214
11215
11216
11217
11218
11219
11220
11221
11222
11223
11224
11225
11226
11227
11228
11229
11230
11231
11232
11233
11234
11235
11236
11237
11238
11239
11240
11241
11242
11243
11244
11245
11246
11247
11248
11249
11250
11251
11252
11253
11254
11255
11256
11257
11258
11259
11260
11261
11262
11263
11264
11265
11266
11267
11268
11269
11270
11271
11272
11273
11274
11275
11276
11277
11278
11279
11280
11281
11282
11283
11284
11285
11286
11287
11288
11289
11290
11291
11292
11293
11294
11295
11296
11297
11298
11299
11300
11301
11302
11303
11304
11305
11306
11307
11308
11309
11310
11311
11312
11313
11314
11315
11316
11317
11318
11319
11320
11321
11322
11323
11324
11325
11326
11327
11328
11329
11330
11331
11332
11333
11334
11335
11336
11337
11338
11339
11340
11341
11342
11343
11344
11345
11346
11347
11348
11349
11350
11351
11352
11353
11354
11355
11356
11357
11358
11359
11360
11361
11362
11363
11364
11365
11366
11367
11368
11369
11370
11371
11372
11373
11374
11375
11376
11377
11378
11379
11380
11381
11382
11383
11384
11385
11386
11387
11388
11389
11390
11391
11392
11393
11394
11395
11396
11397
11398
11399
11400
11401
11402
11403
11404
11405
11406
11407
11408
11409
11410
11411
11412
11413
11414
11415
11416
11417
11418
11419
11420
11421
11422
11423
11424
11425
11426
11427
11428
11429
11430
11431
11432
11433
11434
11435
11436
11437
11438
11439
11440
11441
11442
11443
11444
11445
11446
11447
11448
11449
11450
11451
11452
11453
11454
11455
11456
11457
11458
11459
11460
11461
11462
11463
11464
11465
11466
11467
11468
11469
11470
11471
11472
11473
11474
11475
11476
11477
11478
11479
11480
11481
11482
11483
11484
11485
11486
11487
11488
11489
11490
11491
11492
11493
11494
11495
11496
11497
11498
11499
11500
11501
11502
11503
11504
11505
11506
11507
11508
11509
11510
11511
11512
11513
11514
11515
11516
11517
11518
11519
11520
11521
11522
11523
11524
11525
11526
11527
11528
11529
11530
11531
11532
11533
11534
11535
11536
11537
11538
11539
11540
11541
11542
11543
11544
11545
11546
11547
11548
11549
11550
11551
11552
11553
11554
11555
11556
11557
11558
11559
11560
11561
11562
11563
11564
11565
11566
11567
11568
11569
11570
11571
11572
11573
11574
11575
11576
11577
11578
11579
11580
11581
11582
11583
11584
11585
11586
11587
11588
11589
11590
11591
11592
11593
11594
11595
11596
11597
11598
11599
11600
11601
11602
11603
11604
11605
11606
11607
11608
11609
11610
11611
11612
11613
11614
11615
11616
11617
11618
11619
11620
11621
11622
11623
11624
11625
11626
11627
11628
11629
11630
11631
11632
11633
11634
11635
11636
11637
11638
11639
11640
11641
11642
11643
11644
11645
11646
11647
11648
11649
11650
11651
11652
11653
11654
11655
11656
11657
11658
11659
11660
11661
11662
11663
11664
11665
11666
11667
11668
11669
11670
11671
11672
11673
11674
11675
11676
11677
11678
11679
11680
11681
11682
11683
11684
11685
11686
11687
11688
11689
11690
11691
11692
11693
11694
11695
11696
11697
11698
11699
11700
11701
11702
11703
11704
11705
11706
11707
11708
11709
11710
11711
11712
11713
11714
11715
11716
11717
11718
11719
11720
11721
11722
11723
11724
11725
11726
11727
11728
11729
11730
11731
11732
11733
11734
11735
11736
11737
11738
11739
11740
11741
11742
11743
11744
11745
11746
11747
11748
11749
11750
11751
11752
11753
11754
11755
11756
11757
11758
11759
11760
11761
11762
11763
11764
11765
11766
11767
11768
11769
11770
11771
11772
11773
11774
11775
11776
11777
11778
11779
11780
11781
11782
11783
11784
11785
11786
11787
11788
11789
11790
11791
11792
11793
11794
11795
11796
11797
11798
11799
11800
11801
11802
11803
11804
11805
11806
11807
11808
11809
11810
11811
11812
11813
11814
11815
11816
11817
11818
11819
11820
11821
11822
11823
11824
11825
11826
11827
11828
11829
11830
11831
11832
11833
11834
11835
11836
11837
11838
11839
11840
11841
11842
11843
11844
11845
11846
11847
11848
11849
11850
11851
11852
11853
11854
11855
11856
11857
11858
11859
11860
11861
11862
11863
11864
11865
11866
11867
11868
11869
11870
11871
11872
11873
11874
11875
11876
11877
11878
11879
11880
11881
11882
11883
11884
11885
11886
11887
11888
11889
11890
11891
11892
11893
11894
11895
11896
11897
11898
11899
11900
11901
11902
11903
11904
11905
11906
11907
11908
11909
11910
11911
11912
11913
11914
11915
11916
11917
11918
11919
11920
11921
11922
11923
11924
11925
11926
11927
11928
11929
11930
11931
11932
11933
11934
11935
11936
11937
11938
11939
11940
11941
11942
11943
11944
11945
11946
11947
11948
11949
11950
11951
11952
11953
11954
11955
11956
11957
11958
11959
11960
11961
11962
11963
11964
11965
11966
11967
11968
11969
11970
11971
11972
11973
11974
11975
11976
11977
11978
11979
11980
11981
11982
11983
11984
11985
11986
11987
11988
11989
11990
11991
11992
11993
11994
11995
11996
11997
11998
11999
12000
12001
12002
12003
12004
12005
12006
12007
12008
12009
12010
12011
12012
12013
12014
12015
12016
12017
12018
12019
12020
12021
12022
12023
12024
12025
12026
12027
12028
12029
12030
12031
12032
12033
12034
12035
12036
12037
12038
12039
12040
12041
12042
12043
12044
12045
12046
12047
12048
12049
12050
12051
12052
12053
12054
12055
12056
12057
12058
12059
12060
12061
12062
12063
12064
12065
12066
12067
12068
12069
12070
12071
12072
12073
12074
12075
12076
12077
12078
12079
12080
12081
12082
12083
12084
12085
12086
12087
12088
12089
12090
12091
12092
12093
12094
12095
12096
12097
12098
12099
12100
12101
12102
12103
12104
12105
12106
12107
12108
12109
12110
12111
12112
12113
12114
12115
12116
12117
12118
12119
12120
12121
12122
12123
12124
12125
12126
12127
12128
12129
12130
12131
12132
12133
12134
12135
12136
12137
12138
12139
12140
12141
12142
12143
12144
12145
12146
12147
12148
12149
12150
12151
12152
12153
12154
12155
12156
12157
12158
12159
12160
12161
12162
12163
12164
12165
12166
12167
12168
12169
12170
12171
12172
12173
12174
12175
12176
12177
12178
12179
12180
12181
12182
12183
12184
12185
12186
12187
12188
12189
12190
12191
12192
12193
12194
12195
12196
12197
12198
12199
12200
12201
12202
12203
12204
12205
12206
12207
12208
12209
12210
12211
12212
12213
12214
12215
12216
12217
12218
12219
12220
12221
12222
12223
12224
12225
12226
12227
12228
12229
12230
12231
12232
12233
12234
12235
12236
12237
12238
12239
12240
12241
12242
12243
12244
12245
12246
12247
12248
12249
12250
12251
12252
12253
12254
12255
12256
12257
12258
12259
12260
12261
12262
12263
12264
12265
12266
12267
12268
12269
12270
12271
12272
12273
12274
12275
12276
12277
12278
12279
12280
12281
12282
12283
12284
12285
12286
12287
12288
12289
12290
12291
12292
12293
12294
12295
12296
12297
12298
12299
12300
12301
12302
12303
12304
12305
12306
12307
12308
12309
12310
12311
12312
12313
12314
12315
12316
12317
12318
12319
12320
12321
12322
12323
12324
12325
12326
12327
12328
12329
12330
12331
12332
12333
12334
12335
12336
12337
12338
12339
12340
12341
12342
12343
12344
12345
12346
12347
12348
12349
12350
12351
12352
12353
12354
12355
12356
12357
12358
12359
12360
12361
12362
12363
12364
12365
12366
12367
12368
12369
12370
12371
12372
12373
12374
12375
12376
12377
12378
12379
12380
12381
12382
12383
12384
12385
12386
12387
12388
12389
12390
12391
12392
12393
12394
12395
12396
12397
12398
12399
12400
12401
12402
12403
12404
12405
12406
12407
12408
12409
12410
12411
12412
12413
12414
12415
12416
12417
12418
12419
12420
12421
12422
12423
12424
12425
12426
12427
12428
12429
12430
12431
12432
12433
12434
12435
12436
12437
12438
12439
12440
12441
12442
12443
12444
12445
12446
12447
12448
12449
12450
12451
12452
12453
12454
12455
12456
12457
12458
12459
12460
12461
12462
12463
12464
12465
12466
12467
12468
12469
12470
12471
12472
12473
12474
12475
12476
12477
12478
12479
12480
12481
12482
12483
12484
12485
12486
12487
12488
12489
12490
12491
12492
12493
12494
12495
12496
12497
12498
12499
12500
12501
12502
12503
12504
12505
12506
12507
12508
12509
12510
12511
12512
12513
12514
12515
12516
12517
12518
12519
12520
12521
12522
12523
12524
12525
12526
12527
12528
12529
12530
12531
12532
12533
12534
12535
12536
12537
12538
12539
12540
12541
12542
12543
12544
12545
12546
12547
12548
12549
12550
12551
12552
12553
12554
12555
12556
12557
12558
12559
12560
12561
12562
12563
12564
12565
12566
12567
12568
12569
12570
12571
12572
12573
12574
12575
12576
12577
12578
12579
12580
12581
12582
12583
12584
12585
12586
12587
12588
12589
12590
12591
12592
12593
12594
12595
12596
12597
12598
12599
12600
12601
12602
12603
12604
12605
12606
12607
12608
12609
12610
12611
12612
12613
12614
12615
12616
12617
12618
12619
12620
12621
12622
12623
12624
12625
12626
12627
12628
12629
12630
12631
12632
12633
12634
12635
12636
12637
12638
12639
12640
12641
12642
12643
12644
12645
12646
12647
12648
12649
12650
12651
12652
12653
12654
12655
12656
12657
12658
12659
12660
12661
12662
12663
12664
12665
12666
12667
12668
12669
12670
12671
12672
12673
12674
12675
12676
12677
12678
12679
12680
12681
12682
12683
12684
12685
12686
12687
12688
12689
12690
12691
12692
12693
12694
12695
12696
12697
12698
12699
12700
12701
12702
12703
12704
12705
12706
12707
12708
12709
12710
12711
12712
12713
12714
12715
12716
12717
12718
12719
12720
12721
12722
12723
12724
12725
12726
12727
12728
12729
12730
12731
12732
12733
12734
12735
12736
12737
12738
12739
12740
12741
12742
12743
12744
12745
12746
12747
12748
12749
12750
12751
12752
12753
12754
12755
12756
12757
12758
12759
12760
12761
12762
12763
12764
12765
12766
12767
12768
12769
12770
12771
12772
12773
12774
12775
12776
12777
12778
12779
12780
12781
12782
12783
12784
12785
12786
12787
12788
12789
12790
12791
12792
12793
12794
12795
12796
12797
12798
12799
12800
12801
12802
12803
12804
12805
12806
12807
12808
12809
12810
12811
12812
12813
12814
12815
12816
12817
12818
12819
12820
12821
12822
12823
12824
12825
12826
12827
12828
12829
12830
12831
12832
12833
12834
12835
12836
12837
12838
12839
12840
12841
12842
12843
12844
12845
12846
12847
12848
12849
12850
12851
12852
12853
12854
12855
12856
12857
12858
12859
12860
12861
12862
12863
12864
12865
12866
12867
12868
12869
12870
12871
12872
12873
12874
12875
12876
12877
12878
12879
12880
12881
12882
12883
12884
12885
12886
12887
12888
12889
12890
12891
12892
12893
12894
12895
12896
12897
12898
12899
12900
12901
12902
12903
12904
12905
12906
12907
12908
12909
12910
12911
12912
12913
12914
12915
12916
12917
12918
12919
12920
12921
12922
12923
12924
12925
12926
12927
12928
12929
12930
12931
12932
12933
12934
12935
12936
12937
12938
12939
12940
12941
12942
12943
12944
12945
12946
12947
12948
12949
12950
12951
12952
12953
12954
12955
12956
12957
12958
12959
12960
12961
12962
12963
12964
12965
12966
12967
12968
12969
12970
12971
12972
12973
12974
12975
12976
12977
12978
12979
12980
12981
12982
12983
12984
12985
12986
12987
12988
12989
12990
12991
12992
12993
12994
12995
12996
12997
12998
12999
13000
13001
13002
13003
13004
13005
13006
13007
13008
13009
13010
13011
13012
13013
13014
13015
13016
13017
13018
13019
13020
13021
13022
13023
13024
13025
13026
13027
13028
13029
13030
13031
13032
13033
13034
13035
13036
13037
13038
13039
13040
13041
13042
13043
13044
13045
13046
13047
13048
13049
13050
13051
13052
13053
13054
13055
13056
13057
13058
13059
13060
13061
13062
13063
13064
13065
13066
13067
13068
13069
13070
13071
13072
13073
13074
13075
13076
13077
13078
13079
13080
13081
13082
13083
13084
13085
13086
13087
13088
13089
13090
13091
13092
13093
13094
13095
13096
13097
13098
13099
13100
13101
13102
13103
13104
13105
13106
13107
13108
13109
13110
13111
13112
13113
13114
13115
13116
13117
13118
13119
13120
13121
13122
13123
13124
13125
13126
13127
13128
13129
13130
13131
13132
13133
13134
13135
13136
13137
13138
13139
13140
13141
13142
13143
13144
13145
13146
13147
13148
13149
13150
13151
13152
13153
13154
13155
13156
13157
13158
13159
13160
13161
13162
13163
13164
13165
13166
13167
13168
13169
13170
13171
13172
13173
13174
13175
13176
13177
13178
13179
13180
13181
13182
13183
13184
13185
13186
13187
13188
13189
13190
13191
13192
13193
13194
13195
13196
13197
13198
13199
13200
13201
13202
13203
13204
13205
13206
13207
13208
13209
13210
13211
13212
13213
13214
13215
13216
13217
13218
13219
13220
13221
13222
13223
13224
13225
13226
13227
13228
13229
13230
13231
13232
13233
13234
13235
13236
13237
13238
13239
13240
13241
13242
13243
13244
13245
13246
13247
13248
13249
13250
13251
13252
13253
13254
13255
13256
13257
13258
13259
13260
13261
13262
13263
13264
13265
13266
13267
13268
13269
13270
13271
13272
13273
13274
13275
13276
13277
13278
13279
13280
13281
13282
13283
13284
13285
13286
13287
13288
13289
13290
13291
13292
13293
13294
13295
13296
13297
13298
13299
13300
13301
13302
13303
13304
13305
13306
13307
13308
13309
13310
13311
13312
13313
13314
13315
13316
13317
13318
13319
13320
13321
13322
13323
13324
13325
13326
13327
13328
13329
13330
13331
13332
13333
13334
13335
13336
13337
13338
13339
13340
13341
13342
13343
13344
13345
13346
13347
13348
13349
13350
13351
13352
13353
13354
13355
13356
13357
13358
13359
13360
13361
13362
13363
13364
13365
13366
13367
13368
13369
13370
13371
13372
13373
13374
13375
13376
13377
13378
13379
13380
13381
13382
13383
13384
13385
13386
13387
13388
13389
13390
13391
13392
13393
13394
13395
13396
13397
13398
13399
13400
13401
13402
13403
13404
13405
13406
13407
13408
13409
13410
13411
13412
13413
13414
13415
13416
13417
13418
13419
13420
13421
13422
13423
13424
13425
13426
13427
13428
13429
13430
13431
13432
13433
13434
13435
13436
13437
13438
13439
13440
13441
13442
13443
13444
13445
13446
13447
13448
13449
13450
13451
13452
13453
13454
13455
13456
13457
13458
13459
13460
13461
13462
13463
13464
13465
13466
13467
13468
13469
13470
13471
13472
13473
13474
13475
13476
13477
13478
13479
13480
13481
13482
13483
13484
13485
13486
13487
13488
13489
13490
13491
13492
13493
13494
13495
13496
13497
13498
13499
13500
13501
13502
13503
13504
13505
13506
13507
13508
13509
13510
13511
13512
13513
13514
13515
13516
13517
13518
13519
13520
13521
13522
13523
13524
13525
13526
13527
13528
13529
13530
13531
13532
13533
13534
13535
13536
13537
13538
13539
13540
13541
13542
13543
13544
13545
13546
13547
13548
13549
13550
13551
13552
13553
13554
13555
13556
13557
13558
13559
13560
13561
13562
13563
13564
13565
13566
13567
13568
13569
13570
13571
13572
13573
13574
13575
13576
13577
13578
13579
13580
13581
13582
13583
13584
13585
13586
13587
13588
13589
13590
13591
13592
13593
13594
13595
13596
13597
13598
13599
13600
13601
13602
13603
13604
13605
13606
13607
13608
13609
13610
13611
13612
13613
13614
13615
13616
13617
13618
13619
13620
13621
13622
13623
13624
13625
13626
13627
13628
13629
13630
13631
13632
13633
13634
13635
13636
13637
13638
13639
13640
13641
13642
13643
13644
13645
13646
13647
13648
13649
13650
13651
13652
13653
13654
13655
13656
13657
13658
13659
13660
13661
13662
13663
13664
13665
13666
13667
13668
13669
13670
13671
13672
13673
13674
13675
13676
13677
13678
13679
13680
13681
13682
13683
13684
13685
13686
13687
13688
13689
13690
13691
13692
13693
13694
13695
13696
13697
13698
13699
13700
13701
13702
13703
13704
13705
13706
13707
13708
13709
13710
13711
13712
13713
13714
13715
13716
13717
13718
13719
13720
13721
13722
13723
13724
13725
13726
13727
13728
13729
13730
13731
13732
13733
13734
13735
13736
13737
13738
13739
13740
13741
13742
13743
13744
13745
13746
13747
13748
13749
13750
13751
13752
13753
13754
13755
13756
13757
13758
13759
13760
13761
13762
13763
13764
13765
13766
13767
13768
13769
13770
13771
13772
13773
13774
13775
13776
13777
13778
13779
13780
13781
13782
13783
13784
13785
13786
13787
13788
13789
13790
13791
13792
13793
13794
13795
13796
13797
13798
13799
13800
13801
13802
13803
13804
13805
13806
13807
13808
13809
13810
13811
13812
13813
13814
13815
13816
13817
13818
13819
13820
13821
13822
13823
13824
13825
13826
13827
13828
13829
13830
13831
13832
13833
13834
13835
13836
13837
13838
13839
13840
13841
13842
13843
13844
13845
13846
13847
13848
13849
13850
13851
13852
13853
13854
13855
13856
13857
13858
13859
13860
13861
13862
13863
13864
13865
13866
13867
13868
13869
13870
13871
13872
13873
13874
13875
13876
13877
13878
13879
13880
13881
13882
13883
13884
13885
13886
13887
13888
13889
13890
13891
13892
13893
13894
13895
13896
13897
13898
13899
13900
13901
13902
13903
13904
13905
13906
13907
13908
13909
13910
13911
13912
13913
13914
13915
13916
13917
13918
13919
13920
13921
13922
13923
13924
13925
13926
13927
13928
13929
13930
13931
13932
13933
13934
13935
13936
13937
13938
13939
13940
13941
13942
13943
13944
13945
13946
13947
13948
13949
13950
13951
13952
13953
13954
13955
13956
13957
13958
13959
13960
13961
13962
13963
13964
13965
13966
13967
13968
13969
13970
13971
13972
13973
13974
13975
13976
13977
13978
13979
13980
13981 | <html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Pcb</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Pcb">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
table.cartouche {
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 1px solid #800000;
width: 100%;
}
table.cartouche td {
padding: 4px;
}
pre.format {
font-family: monospace;
}
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="settitle">Pcb</h1>
<div class="contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Pcb</a>
<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="#Copying">Copying</a>
<li><a name="toc_History" href="#History">History</a>
<li><a name="toc_Overview" href="#Overview">1 Overview</a>
<li><a name="toc_Intro" href="#Intro">2 Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Symbol-Objects">2.1 Symbols</a>
<li><a href="#Via-Objects">2.2 Vias</a>
<li><a href="#Element-Objects">2.3 Elements</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Objects">2.4 Layers</a>
<li><a href="#Line-Objects">2.5 Lines</a>
<li><a href="#Arc-Objects">2.6 Arcs</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-Objects">2.7 Polygons</a>
<li><a href="#Text-Objects">2.8 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Net-Objects">2.9 Nets</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Getting-Started" href="#Getting-Started">3 Getting Started</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Application-Window">3.1 The Application Window</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Menu">3.1.1 Menus</a>
<li><a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">3.1.2 The Status-line and Input-field</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Controls">3.1.3 The Layer Controls</a>
<li><a href="#Tool-Selectors">3.1.4 The Tool Selectors</a>
<li><a href="#Layout-Area">3.1.5 Layout Area</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Log-Window">3.2 Log Window</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Window">3.3 Library Window</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-Window">3.4 Netlist Window</a>
<li><a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">3.5 Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Common">3.5.1 Common Drawing and Removing Methods</a>
<li><a href="#Lines">3.5.2 Lines</a>
<li><a href="#Arcs">3.5.3 Arcs</a>
<li><a href="#Polygons">3.5.4 Polygons and Rectangles</a>
<li><a href="#Text">3.5.5 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Vias">3.5.6 Vias</a>
<li><a href="#Elements">3.5.7 Elements</a>
<li><a href="#Pastebuffer">3.5.8 Pastebuffer</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Moving-and-Copying">3.6 Moving and Copying</a>
<li><a href="#Loading-and-Saving">3.7 Loading and Saving</a>
<li><a href="#Printing">3.8 Printing</a>
<li><a href="#Exporting">3.9 Exporting a layout</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#bom">3.9.1 Bill of materials (bom)</a>
<li><a href="#gcode">3.9.2 G-code (gcode)</a>
<li><a href="#gerber">3.9.3 Gerber (gerber)</a>
<li><a href="#ipc_002dd_002d356">3.9.4 IPC-D-356 (ipcd356)</a>
<li><a href="#nelma">3.9.5 Nelma (nelma)</a>
<li><a href="#png">3.9.6 Image (png)</a>
<li><a href="#ps">3.9.7 Postscript (ps)</a>
<li><a href="#eps">3.9.8 Encapsulated Postscript (eps)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Connection-Lists">3.10 Connection Lists</a>
<li><a href="#Arrow-Tool">3.11 Arrow Tool</a>
<li><a href="#Rats-Nest">3.12 Rats Nest</a>
<li><a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">3.13 Design Rule Checking</a>
<li><a href="#Trace-Optimizer">3.14 Trace Optimizer</a>
<li><a href="#Searching-for-elements">3.15 Searching for elements</a>
<li><a href="#Measuring-distances">3.16 Measuring distances</a>
<li><a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">3.17 Vendor Drill Mapping</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Autorouter" href="#Autorouter">4 Autorouter</a>
<li><a name="toc_User-Commands" href="#User-Commands">5 User Commands</a>
<li><a name="toc_Command_002dLine-Options" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">6 Command-Line Options</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#General-Options">6.1 General Options</a>
<li><a href="#General-GUI-Options">6.2 General GUI Options</a>
<li><a href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">6.3 GTK+ GUI Options</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">6.4 lesstif GUI Options</a>
<li><a href="#Colors">6.5 Colors</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Names">6.6 Layer Names</a>
<li><a href="#Paths">6.7 Paths</a>
<li><a href="#Sizes">6.8 Sizes</a>
<li><a href="#Commands">6.9 Commands</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-Options">6.10 DRC Options</a>
<li><a href="#BOM-Creation">6.11 BOM Creation</a>
<li><a href="#G_002dcode-Options">6.12 G-code Options</a>
<li><a href="#Gerber-Export">6.13 Gerber Export</a>
<li><a href="#IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export">6.14 IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</a>
<li><a href="#Postscript-Export">6.15 Postscript Export</a>
<li><a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">6.16 Encapsulated Postscript Export</a>
<li><a href="#PNG-Options">6.17 PNG Options</a>
<li><a href="#lpr-Printing-Options">6.18 lpr Printing Options</a>
<li><a href="#nelma-Options">6.19 nelma Options</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_X11-Interface" href="#X11-Interface">7 X11 Interface</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Resources">7.1 Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</a>
<li><a href="#Actions">7.2 Actions</a>
<li><a href="#Translations">7.3 Default Translations</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_File-Formats" href="#File-Formats">8 File Formats</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">8.1 Pad and Line Representation</a>
<li><a href="#Layout-File">8.2 Layout File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Element-File">8.3 Element File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Font-File">8.4 Font File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-File">8.5 Netlist File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Contents-File">8.6 Library Contents File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Library-File">8.7 Library File Format</a>
<li><a href="#File-Syntax">8.8 File Syntax</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Arc-syntax">8.8.1 Arc</a>
<li><a href="#Attribute-syntax">8.8.2 Attribute</a>
<li><a href="#Connect-syntax">8.8.3 Connect</a>
<li><a href="#Cursor-syntax">8.8.4 Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-syntax">8.8.5 DRC</a>
<li><a href="#Element-syntax">8.8.6 Element</a>
<li><a href="#ElementArc-syntax">8.8.7 ElementArc</a>
<li><a href="#ElementLine-syntax">8.8.8 ElementLine</a>
<li><a href="#FileVersion-syntax">8.8.9 FileVersion</a>
<li><a href="#Flags-syntax">8.8.10 Flags</a>
<li><a href="#Grid-syntax">8.8.11 Grid</a>
<li><a href="#Groups-syntax">8.8.12 Groups</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-syntax">8.8.13 Layer</a>
<li><a href="#Line-syntax">8.8.14 Line</a>
<li><a href="#Mark-syntax">8.8.15 Mark</a>
<li><a href="#Net-syntax">8.8.16 Net</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-syntax">8.8.17 Netlist</a>
<li><a href="#Pad-syntax">8.8.18 Pad</a>
<li><a href="#PCB-syntax">8.8.19 PCB</a>
<li><a href="#Pin-syntax">8.8.20 Pin</a>
<li><a href="#PolyArea-syntax">8.8.21 PolyArea</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-syntax">8.8.22 Polygon</a>
<li><a href="#Rat-syntax">8.8.23 Rat</a>
<li><a href="#Styles-syntax">8.8.24 Styles</a>
<li><a href="#Symbol-syntax">8.8.25 Symbol</a>
<li><a href="#SymbolLine-syntax">8.8.26 SymbolLine</a>
<li><a href="#Text-syntax">8.8.27 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Thermal-syntax">8.8.28 Thermal</a>
<li><a href="#Via-syntax">8.8.29 Via</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Object-Flags">8.9 Object Flags</a>
<li><a href="#PCBFlags">8.10 PCBFlags</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Library-Creation" href="#Library-Creation">9 Library Creation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1 Old Style (m4) Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.1 Overview of Oldlib Operation</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2 The Library Scripts</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2.1 Scripts Used During Compilation</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2.2 Scripts Used by PCB at Runtime</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.3 Creating an Oldlib Footprint</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.4 Troubleshooting Old Style Libraries</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2 New Style Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2.1 Creating Newlib Footprints</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2.2 Modifying Newlib Footprints</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Schematic-Frontends" href="#Schematic-Frontends">10 Schematic Capture for PCB</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1 gEDA</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.1 Set Up Project Directories</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.2 Set Up gEDA Config Files</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.3 Set Up <code>gsch2pcb</code> Config Files</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.4 Capture Schematics Using <code>gschem</code></a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.5 Create Any Unique PCB Footprints</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.6 Generate Initial PCB Design Using <code>gsch2pcb</code></a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.7 Layout Circuit Board</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.8 Forward Annotation of Schematic Changes</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.9 Generate Photoplot Files (RS-274X)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#xcircuit">10.2 xcircuit</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">Appendix A Installation and Troubleshooting</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#compiling">A.1 Compiling and Installing</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#quickstart">A.1.1 Quick Start</a>
<li><a href="#running-configure">A.1.2 Running the configure Script</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#problems">A.2 Troubleshooting</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#HP">A.2.1 HP Series 700 and 800</a>
<li><a href="#Sun">A.2.2 Sun SPARC architecture</a>
<li><a href="#SGI">A.2.3 Silicon Graphics</a>
<li><a href="#DEC-Alpha">A.2.4 DEC Alpha</a>
<li><a href="#SCO">A.2.5 SCO Unix</a>
<li><a href="#Linux">A.2.6 Linux</a>
<li><a href="#BSD">A.2.7 FreeBSD and NetBSD</a>
<li><a href="#X11">A.2.8 Problems related to X11</a>
<li><a href="#TeX-and-Manuals">A.2.9 Problems related to TeX</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Custom-Menus" href="#Custom-Menus">Appendix B Customizing the Menus</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Resource-Syntax">B.1 Resource Syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Menu-Definitions">B.2 Menu Definitions</a>
<li><a href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">B.3 Menu Files and Defaults</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Regular-Expressions" href="#Regular-Expressions">Appendix C Element Search/Regular Expressions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Regular-Expressions">C.1 Element Search/Regular Expressions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Standard-Drill-Sizes" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Appendix D Standard Drill Size Tables</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.1 American Standard Wire Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.2 American Standard Letter Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.3 Fractional Inch Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.4 Metric Drills</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Centroid-File-Format" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Appendix E Centroid (X-Y) File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.1 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.2 File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.3 Computation of Centroid and Rotation</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Annotation-File-Format" href="#Annotation-File-Format">Appendix F Annotation File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.1 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2 File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2.1 *COMMENT*</a>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2.2 *FILEVERSION*</a>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2.3 *RENAME*</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Action-Reference" href="#Action-Reference">Appendix G Action Reference</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#core-actions">G.1 Core actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#AddRats-Action">G.1.1 AddRats</a>
<li><a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">G.1.2 ApplyVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Atomic-Action">G.1.3 Atomic</a>
<li><a href="#Attributes-Action">G.1.4 Attributes</a>
<li><a href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">G.1.5 AutoPlaceSelected</a>
<li><a href="#AutoRoute-Action">G.1.6 AutoRoute</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">G.1.7 ChangeClearSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">G.1.8 ChangeDrillSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeFlag-Action">G.1.9 ChangeFlag</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeHole-Action">G.1.10 ChangeHole</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeJoin-Action">G.1.11 ChangeJoin</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeName-Action">G.1.12 ChangeName</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">G.1.13 ChangeOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#ChangePaste-Action">G.1.14 ChangePaste</a>
<li><a href="#ChangePinName-Action">G.1.15 ChangePinName</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeSize-Action">G.1.16 ChangeSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeSquare-Action">G.1.17 ChangeSquare</a>
<li><a href="#ClearOctagon-Action">G.1.18 ClearOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#ClearSquare-Action">G.1.19 ClearSquare</a>
<li><a href="#ClrFlag-Action">G.1.20 ClrFlag</a>
<li><a href="#Connection-Action">G.1.21 Connection</a>
<li><a href="#Delete-Action">G.1.22 Delete</a>
<li><a href="#DeleteRats-Action">G.1.23 DeleteRats</a>
<li><a href="#DisableVendor-Action">G.1.24 DisableVendor</a>
<li><a href="#DisperseElements-Action">G.1.25 DisperseElements</a>
<li><a href="#Display-Action">G.1.26 Display</a>
<li><a href="#djopt-Action">G.1.27 djopt</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-Action">G.1.28 DRC</a>
<li><a href="#DumpLibrary-Action">G.1.29 DumpLibrary</a>
<li><a href="#elementlist-Action">G.1.30 elementlist</a>
<li><a href="#elementsetattr-Action">G.1.31 elementsetattr</a>
<li><a href="#EnableVendor-Action">G.1.32 EnableVendor</a>
<li><a href="#execcommand-Action">G.1.33 execcommand</a>
<li><a href="#ExecuteFile-Action">G.1.34 ExecuteFile</a>
<li><a href="#Flip-Action">G.1.35 Flip</a>
<li><a href="#FontEdit-Action">G.1.36 FontEdit</a>
<li><a href="#FontSave-Action">G.1.37 FontSave</a>
<li><a href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">G.1.38 FreeRotateBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#GlobalPuller-Action">G.1.39 GlobalPuller</a>
<li><a href="#Import-Action">G.1.40 Import</a>
<li><a href="#ListLayertypes-Action">G.1.41 ListLayertypes</a>
<li><a href="#LoadFootprint-Action">G.1.42 LoadFootprint</a>
<li><a href="#LoadFrom-Action">G.1.43 LoadFrom</a>
<li><a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">G.1.44 LoadVendorFrom</a>
<li><a href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">G.1.45 MarkCrosshair</a>
<li><a href="#Message-Action">G.1.46 Message</a>
<li><a href="#MinClearGap-Action">G.1.47 MinClearGap</a>
<li><a href="#MinMaskGap-Action">G.1.48 MinMaskGap</a>
<li><a href="#Mode-Action">G.1.49 Mode</a>
<li><a href="#MorphPolygon-Action">G.1.50 MorphPolygon</a>
<li><a href="#MoveLayer-Action">G.1.51 MoveLayer</a>
<li><a href="#MoveObject-Action">G.1.52 MoveObject</a>
<li><a href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">G.1.53 MoveToCurrentLayer</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-Action">G.1.54 Netlist</a>
<li><a href="#New-Action">G.1.55 New</a>
<li><a href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">G.1.56 OptAutoOnly</a>
<li><a href="#PasteBuffer-Action">G.1.57 PasteBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-Action">G.1.58 Polygon</a>
<li><a href="#Puller-Action">G.1.59 Puller</a>
<li><a href="#Quit-Action">G.1.60 Quit</a>
<li><a href="#Redo-Action">G.1.61 Redo</a>
<li><a href="#Relocate-Action">G.1.62 Relocate</a>
<li><a href="#RemoveSelected-Action">G.1.63 RemoveSelected</a>
<li><a href="#Renumber-Action">G.1.64 Renumber</a>
<li><a href="#RenumberBlock-Action">G.1.65 RenumberBlock</a>
<li><a href="#RenumberBuffer-Action">G.1.66 RenumberBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#Report-Action">G.1.67 Report</a>
<li><a href="#ReportDialog-Action">G.1.68 ReportDialog</a>
<li><a href="#RipUp-Action">G.1.69 RipUp</a>
<li><a href="#RouteStyle-Action">G.1.70 RouteStyle</a>
<li><a href="#SaveSettings-Action">G.1.71 SaveSettings</a>
<li><a href="#SaveTo-Action">G.1.72 SaveTo</a>
<li><a href="#Select-Action">G.1.73 Select</a>
<li><a href="#SetFlag-Action">G.1.74 SetFlag</a>
<li><a href="#SetLayertype-Action">G.1.75 SetLayertype</a>
<li><a href="#SetOctagon-Action">G.1.76 SetOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#SetSame-Action">G.1.77 SetSame</a>
<li><a href="#SetSquare-Action">G.1.78 SetSquare</a>
<li><a href="#SetThermal-Action">G.1.79 SetThermal</a>
<li><a href="#SetValue-Action">G.1.80 SetValue</a>
<li><a href="#SmartDisperse-Action">G.1.81 SmartDisperse</a>
<li><a href="#Teardrops-Action">G.1.82 Teardrops</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleHideName-Action">G.1.83 ToggleHideName</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">G.1.84 ToggleVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Undo-Action">G.1.85 Undo</a>
<li><a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">G.1.86 UnloadVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Unselect-Action">G.1.87 Unselect</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#common-actions">G.2 common actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#LayersChanged-Action">G.2.1 LayersChanged</a>
<li><a href="#LibraryChanged-Action">G.2.2 LibraryChanged</a>
<li><a href="#NetlistChanged-Action">G.2.3 NetlistChanged</a>
<li><a href="#PCBChanged-Action">G.2.4 PCBChanged</a>
<li><a href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">G.2.5 RouteStylesChanged</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#gtk-actions">G.3 gtk actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gtk-About-Action">G.3.1 gtk About</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">G.3.2 gtk AdjustStyle</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Center-Action">G.3.3 gtk Center</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">G.3.4 gtk Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">G.3.5 gtk DoWindows</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">G.3.6 gtk EditLayerGroups</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">G.3.7 gtk GetXY</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-ImportGUI-Action">G.3.8 gtk ImportGUI</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Pan-Action">G.3.9 gtk Pan</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Popup-Action">G.3.10 gtk Popup</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Print-Action">G.3.11 gtk Print</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">G.3.12 gtk PrintCalibrate</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Save-Action">G.3.13 gtk Save</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">G.3.14 gtk SelectLayer</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">G.3.15 gtk SetUnits</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">G.3.16 gtk SwapSides</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">G.3.17 gtk ToggleView</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">G.3.18 gtk Zoom</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#lesstif-actions">G.4 lesstif actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#lesstif-About-Action">G.4.1 lesstif About</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">G.4.2 lesstif AdjustSizes</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">G.4.3 lesstif AdjustStyle</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">G.4.4 lesstif Benchmark</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Command-Action">G.4.5 lesstif Command</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">G.4.6 lesstif Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">G.4.7 lesstif Debug</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">G.4.8 lesstif DebugXY</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">G.4.9 lesstif DoWindows</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">G.4.10 lesstif DumpKeys</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">G.4.11 lesstif EditLayerGroups</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Export-Action">G.4.12 lesstif Export</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">G.4.13 lesstif GetXY</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-ImportGUI-Action">G.4.14 lesstif ImportGUI</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">G.4.15 lesstif LibraryShow</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Load-Action">G.4.16 lesstif Load</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">G.4.17 lesstif LoadVendor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">G.4.18 lesstif NetlistShow</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Print-Action">G.4.19 lesstif Print</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">G.4.20 lesstif PrintCalibrate</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">G.4.21 lesstif PromptFor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Return-Action">G.4.22 lesstif Return</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Save-Action">G.4.23 lesstif Save</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">G.4.24 lesstif SelectLayer</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">G.4.25 lesstif SetUnits</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">G.4.26 lesstif SwapSides</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">G.4.27 lesstif ToggleView</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">G.4.28 lesstif Zoom</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Glossary" href="#Glossary">Appendix H Glossary</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Resources</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Concepts</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
<div class="node">
<a name="Top"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Pcb</h2>
<p>This document is a manual for <code>Pcb</code>, the open source, interactive printed circuit
board layout system.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Copying">Copying</a>: <code>Pcb</code> is freely redistributable!
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#History">History</a>: How it all began.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Overview">Overview</a>: An overview of <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Intro">Intro</a>: A short description of the basic objects.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>: Introduction to <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a>: Using the autorouter.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>: User commands of <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>: Calling <code>Pcb</code> from a shell.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>: Action routines, resources and default translation.
<li><a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>: Description of <code>ASCII</code> files used by <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a>: Detailed description of symbol library creation.
<li><a href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>: Schematic capture programs that work with PCB.
<li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a>: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting.
<li><a href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>: Customizing the menu bar.
<li><a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>: Searching for elements with regular expressions
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a>: Tables of standard drill sizes
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a>: Details of the centroid (x-y) output file
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">Annotation File Format</a>: Details of the back annotation output file
<li><a href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>: Documentation for all available actions
<li><a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a>: Glossary
<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: The Index.
</ul>
<!-- -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Copying"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#History">History</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Copying</h2>
<p>Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Thomas Nau
<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 harry eaton
<p>Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Dan McMahill
<p>Copyright © 2004 DJ Delorie
<p>Copyright (C) 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 PCB Contributors
<p>This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
<b>GNU General Public License</b> for more details.
<!-- chapter 0 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="History"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overview">Overview</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">History</h2>
<p><a name="index-Atari-version-1"></a><code>Pcb</code> is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit
boards.
<p><code>Pcb</code> was first written by Thomas Nau for an Atari ST in 1990 and
ported to <code>UNIX</code> and <code>X11</code> in 1994.
It was not intended as a professional layout system,
but as a tool which supports people who do some
home-developing of hardware.
<p>The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made
<code>Pcb</code> easier to use and thus a more important tool.
<p>Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands,
more straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups
were introduced to group signal-layers together.
<p>Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers.
Two layers (the solder and the component side)
were added to support SMD elements. The handling of libraries
was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for additional devices like
GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo feature was expanded
and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5.
<p>harry eaton took over pcb development beginning with Release 1.5,
although he contributed some code beginning with Release 1.4.3
<p>Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net
lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce
a polygon. A variety of other enhancements including a Gerber RS-274X
driver and NC drill file generation have also been added.
<p>Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions.
This should eliminate most of the need for the redraw (<em>R</em> key).
Also some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected
were made for better consistency - it is no longer possible to
accidentally move a line or line point that is completely obscured
by a polygon laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper
most layers can be selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers.
These changes make operations more intuitive. A new mode of line
creation was added that creates two line on 45 degree angles
with a single click. The actual outline of the prospective line(s) are
now shown during line creation. An arc creation mode was added.
Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can be useful for high frequency
controlled impedance lines. (You can have eighth circle arc if the
source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware that the ends of such
arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new flags for pins and
vias were created - one indicates that the pin or via is purely a
drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only toggle this flag
for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part of the element
definition. The other flag controls whether the pad will be round
or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting the contents
of a buffer into an element.
<p>Release 1.6.1 added the ability to make groups of action commands bound to
a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a simple design rule
checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing and overlap rules. Plus
many fixes for bugs introduced with the many changes of 1.6
<p>Release 1.7 added support for routing tracks through polygons without touching
them. It also added support for unplated drill files, and drawing directly
on the silk layer. A Netlist window for easily working with netlist was also added.
<p>Release 2.0 adds an auto-router, a new simpler library mechanism, much improved
support for graphically creating (and editing) elements, viewable solder-mask
layers (and editing), snap to pins and pads, netlist entry by drawing rats, element
files (and libraries) that can contain whole sub-layouts, metric grids, improved
user interface, a GNU autoconf/automake based build system, and a host
of other improvements.
<p>Release 4.0.0 adds a IPC-D-356 netlister, relocate plugin, smartdisperse
plugin, RenumberBlock and RenumberBuffer plugin, teardrops plugin,
tooltips in the GTK UI and footprints.
<p>Release 4.0.1 fixes a number of bugs.
<p>Release 4.0.2 fixes a number of bugs.
<p>Special thanks goes to:
<pre class="display"> Thomas Nau (who started the project and wrote the early versions).
C. Scott Ananian (who wrote the auto-router code).
Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
DJ Delorie (djdelorie@users.sourceforge.net)
Larry Doolittle (ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov)
Dan McMahill (danmc@users.sourceforge.net)
Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de)
Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se)
Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org)
Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no)
Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu)
Anthony Blake (who wrote the toporouter code).
PCB Contributors:
Peter Clifton, Andrew Poelstra, Markus Hitter, Ben Jackson, Felix Ruoff,
Sergey Alyoshin, Dima Kogan, Jerome Marchand, Jean Richard, Bob Paddock,
Milan Prochac, Britton Leo Kerin, Roland Lutz, Charles Parker,
Jared Casper, Stuart Brorson, aelmahmoudy, Krzysztof Ko´sciuszkiewicz,
Wiley E. Hill, Sergey Stepanov, Vladimir Zhbanov, Peter Brett,
Steven Michalske, Leo Bärring, Gareth Edwards, Anton Dubniak,
Kai-Martin Knaak, Keith Packard, Patrick Bernaud, Robert Drehmel,
Erich Heinzle, Marco Ciampa, Eugene Mikhantiev, Jorge Barros de Abreu,
Richard Hughes, Eric Brombaugh, Benjamin Bergman, Braddock Gaskill,
Dan White, Alan Somers, Richard Barlow, Bdale Garbee, Stanislav Brabec,
Levente Kovacs, Ed Maste, Uwe Hermann, Ivan Stankovic, Peter S. May,
Igor2, Felix K (kuhlix), rosvall, Martin, Christian Amsüss,
Bert Timmerman.
</pre>
<p class="noindent">who provided all sorts of help including porting <code>Pcb</code> to
several operating systems and platforms, bug fixes, library enhancement,
user interface suggestions and more. In addition to these people,
many others donated time for bug-fixing and
other important work. Some of them can be identified in the source code
files. Thanks to all of them. If you feel left out of this list, I
apologize; please send me an e-mail and I'll try to correct the omission.
<!-- overview chapter - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Overview"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Intro">Intro</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#History">History</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Overview</h2>
<p><a name="index-PCB_002c-an-overview-2"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> is an open source printed circuit board editor.
<code>Pcb</code> includes many professional features such as:
<ul>
<li>Up to 16 copper layer designs by default. By changing a compile time setting, this
can be set as high as needed.
<li>RS-274X (Gerber) output
<li>NC Drill output
<li>Centroid (X-Y) data output
<li>IPC-D-356 (rev. 0) netlist data output
<li>Postscript and Encapsulated Postscript output
<li>Autorouter
<li>Topological router
<li>Trace optimizer
<li>Rats nest
<li>Design Rule Checker (DRC)
<li>Connectivity verification
<li><code>Pcb</code> is Free Software
<li>Can interoperate with free schematic capture tools such as gEDA and
xcircuit
<li>Runs under Linux, NetBSD, Solaris, and other similar operating
systems.
<li>Windows version is available
</ul>
<!-- chapter 1 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Intro"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Overview">Overview</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Introduction</h2>
<p><a name="index-layout-objects_002c-an-overview-3"></a>
Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This chapter
gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to each other.
For a complete description of how to use <code>Pcb</code>, refer to
<a href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>.
The layout is generated on-screen on a grid that can have its origin
at any desired location.
The X coordinate increases to the right, Y increases down to the bottom.
All distances and sizes in <code>Pcb</code> are measured in mils
(0.001 inch). One unit on the coordinate display is one mil in
distance on the board.
The grid may be set on a metric pitch, but is only correct to within
the nearest +/- 0.01 mil because <code>Pcb</code> stores all dimensions as
integer multiples of 1/100 of a mil or 0.00001 inch.
<p>The sections in this chapter are sorted by the
order of appearance of the objects within a layout file.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a>: Information about fonts and symbols.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a>: Vias and pins connect layers.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>: Element, the basic type of circuits.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>: A ‘<samp><span class="samp">container</span></samp>’ for lines, text...
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>: Tracks on the board
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>: Curved tracks
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>: Planes and such
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a>: Objects to add symbols to your board.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a>: Describes the desired connections on the board.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Symbol-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.1 Symbols</h3>
<p><a name="index-symbols_002c-an-overview-4"></a><a name="index-font_002c-an-overview-5"></a>
The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols
that resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified
by a seven bit <code>ASCII</code> code. All layout objects share the same set of
symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen
and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles.
<p>Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is loaded.
For details see ‘<samp><span class="samp">fontCommand</span></samp>’, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Via-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.2 Vias</h3>
<p><a name="index-vias_002c-an-overview-6"></a>
Vias provide through-hole connectivity across all layers.
While vias look a lot like element pins, don't use vias
for adding elements to the layout, even if that seems
easier than creating a new element. The default solder-mask
will cover over vias, so you won't be able to solder to them.
Of course, you can change this so that vias also have
solder-mask cut-outs, but it is not the default.
Vias are also useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as
those used for mounting a board. Vias used in this way have
a special flag set so that they have no annular copper ring,
and also appear in the unplated drill file. <em>Ctrl-H</em> key over
a via switches it between being a pure-mounting hole and a regular via.
You can assign a name to a via, which is useful during the creation
of new element definitions.
Each via exists on all copper layers. (<em>i.e.</em>
blind and buried vias are not supported)
<div class="node">
<a name="Element-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.3 Elements</h3>
<p><a name="index-element_002c-an-overview-7"></a><a name="index-layout_002dname-8"></a>
Elements represent the components on a board.
Elements are loaded from <code>ASCII</code> coded files in a
similar manner to the layout file itself, or from the
library selector window.
An element is composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen
layer (used to define the package outline), pins
(or pads for SMD) and three labels that define the
description, the element's layout-name (which also
appears on the silk-screen layer) and its value. You
can choose which of the names are displayed on the screen
with the <b>Screen</b> menu; however, the silk screen in
the printout will always show the layout-name.
Element pins are contained on the first logical level
and so reside on all layers, but the pads of surface-mount
elements reside on only the component or solder
layers. An element can have a mixture of pins, pads
(on one or both sides), and mounting holes.
<p>A mark is used to position the element with
respect to the cross hair during pasting.
The mark will lie on a grid point when the element
is positioned. The mark is drawn as a small diamond
shape, but is only visible when <em>both</em> the <code>silk</code>
and <code>pins/pads</code> layers are visible.
All parts of an element are treated as one unit, except for
the name.
It is not possible to delete a single pin or move
only part of an element on the layout.
You can resize separate pieces of an element,
but doing so is usually a bad idea. You can move/rotate
the element name independently of the element it belongs
to. When you move an element name, a line is draw from
the cursor to the element mark so it is easy to tell
which element the name belongs to.
<p>Each pin and pad has two string identifiers, one is the
"name" which is a functional description of the pin
(<em>e.g.</em> "clock in") and the other is the "number" of the
pin which is used to identify it in a netlist. The "number"
is usually an integer, but it can be any string. You
can edit the "name" of each pin of an element, but the
"number" is embedded in the element definition and is
determined when the new element is first created.
Pads are similar to lines on a layer but they must be oriented
either vertically or horizontally.
Pads can have either rounded or square ends. Pins
can be round, square, or octagonal.
<p>Elements are supported by several special layers: <code>silk</code>, <code>pins/pads</code> and
<code>far-side</code>. The <code>silk</code> layer shows the package outline and
also holds legend text and element names. The <code>pins/pads</code> layer is used to toggle
whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The <code>far-side</code> layer controls visibility
of objects (silkscreen and pads) that are on the far (<em>i.e.</em> not currently viewed) side
of the board.
<p>The “oldlib” style of footprint libraries distributed with
<code>Pcb</code> rely upon the M4 macro processor. M4 is typically
installed under the name <code>m4</code> on most unix-like operating
systems. It is recommended that you use the GNU version of M4 to
avoid limitations found in some vendor implementations. See the m4
man page on your system for more information.
Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when the file is read.
For details see ‘<samp><span class="samp">elementCommand</span></samp>’, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>. <code>m4</code>, the default
value of ‘<samp><span class="samp">elementCommand</span></samp>’, allows you to create libraries for
package definitions that are shared by all elements.
The old element libraries distributed with <code>Pcb</code> expect <code>m4</code> or an
equivalent to be the <em>elementCommand</em>. The new library scheme simply has
each element stored in a self-contained file, so there is no need to learn
<code>m4</code> to add to the libraries.
<p><code>Pcb</code> can create a list of
all connections from one (or all) elements to the others or a list of
unconnected pins.
It can also verify the layout connections against a netlist file.
The element's ‘<samp><span class="samp">layout-name</span></samp>’ is the name used to identify the element
in a netlist file (see <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>).
<p>The old libraries, or very old (pre-1.6) layout files may have
incorrect pin numbering since there was no concept of pin numbers
when they were created. <code>Pcb</code> uses the order of appearance of
the pin definitions in the layout or library file if it uses the
old format, but there is no guarantee that it will be correct for
these old objects.
<p><a name="index-old-library-9"></a><a name="index-library-accuracy-10"></a><b>Be aware that a few of the old library parts may still be incorrectly
implemented regarding pin-numbering.</b> All of the DIL (Dual-
Inline-Pins) parts are correct and most of the others are too,
but you should verify the pin numbering
of any non-DIL part before using an old library part.
(use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">generate object report</span></samp>’ in the <b>Info</b> menu
to see what <code>Pcb</code> thinks a pin's number is)
All of the old
library names begin with a ~, so you can easily identify them.
The old libraries also <em>may</em> contain other sorts of errors,
including incorrect pin spacing, silkscreen overlapping solder areas, etc.
<b>Check carefully any element in the old library before using it!</b>
As the new library grows, the old library will be pared down to
at least remove all of the elements with errors, but this will
take time.
<p>You can make your own element definitions graphically now.
Simply draw vias for the pins, lines on the solder and/or
component layers for surface-mount pads (they must be either horizontal
or vertical),
and lines and arcs on the silkscreen layer for the silkscreen
outline. You should <em>name</em> (<em>N</em> key) each via and copper line with the pin <em>number</em>.
Once you are happy with the geometry, select everything that is to become part of
the element, then choose ‘<samp><span class="samp">convert selection to element</span></samp>’ from the <b>Select</b> menu.
Afterwords you can make pin (or pad) one
square if you like, and give the element its various names. You can also give
the pins and pads their functional names. Note that the
element mark corresponds to the position you click after choosing the
conversion from the menu, so decide where the mark goes and make
sure it falls on a grid point before you request the conversion.
If the vias/lines are not named, then the pin numbering will correspond to the
order in which they were placed.
<p>When you create a new element, remember that silkscreen lines
should <em>never</em> overlap the copper part of the
pins or pads, as this can interfere with soldering. The silkscreen
should identify the maximum extent of the element package so it
is easy to see how close elements can be placed together.
<p>If you want to make an element similar to an existing one, you can
break an element into constituent pieces from the <b>Buffer</b> menu.
Paste the pieces to the layout, make the necessary changes, then
convert it back into an element. If the pin numbers haven't changed,
there is no need to name each via/line as they are pre-named when
the element was broken apart. When you create a new element, you
can save it to a file in order to have easy access to it the next
time you run <code>Pcb</code>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Layer-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.4 Layers</h3>
<p><a name="index-layers_002c-an-overview-11"></a>
Every layout consists of several layers that can be used independently
or treated as a group.
Layer groups can be used to logically separate (and color-code)
different traces (<em>e.g.</em> power and signal); however, all
layers within a group reside on the same physical
copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same
group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap.
For details, see ‘<samp><span class="samp">layerGroups</span></samp>’, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
Each layer is drawn in a color defined in the resource file
and identified by a name that you can change (for details
see ‘<samp><span class="samp">layerColor</span></samp>’, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.)
Layers are really just containers for line, arc, polygon, and text objects. The
component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the
file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly.
<p><a name="index-layer-groups-12"></a>Each layer group
represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want to make
a four layer board, you'll need to have at least four layer groups.
Connections between layer groups are established only through element pins and vias.
The relationship between a specific layer and the board itself is configurable from
the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Edit layer groups</span></samp>’ option in the <b>Settings</b> menu.
The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers: <em>component-side</em>
and <em>solder-side</em> are always defined and you must map at least one
logical layer to each, even if you plan to make a single-sided board.
You are not obligated to put tracks on either of them.
Surface mount elements always reside on either the component-side or the
solder-side layer group. When you paste an element from the buffer,
it will go onto whichever side of the board you are viewing.
You can swap which side of the board you are viewing by pressing
the <em>Tab</em> key, or by selecting ‘<samp><span class="samp">view solder side</span></samp>’ from the
<b>Screen</b> menu.
The layer groups just have a name or number associated with them - where
they are sandwiched in the board is left for you to tell the
manufacturer.
<p>The silkscreen layer is special because there are actually two silkscreen
layers, one for the top (component) and one for the bottom (solder) side
of the board. Which silk layer you draw on is determined by the side of the
board that you are viewing. If you are viewing the component side, then
drawing on the silk layer draws to the component-side silk layer.
<p>The netlist layer is another special layer. It shows rat's-nest lines
(<em>i.e.</em> guides that show how the netlist expects the element to interconnect).
If you make this the active layer, you can use the Line tool to add
entries into the netlist, or to delete connections from the netlist
window. Except for these two purposes, you should not
make the netlist layer the active layer. Usually there is no need to
do this because a separate schematic package should be used to create the
netlist. <code>Pcb</code> can automatically draw all of the rats from
the netlist. In some cases you may want to make a small change without
going to the trouble of modifying the schematic, which is why this
facility is provided.
<div class="node">
<a name="Line-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.5 Lines</h3>
<p><a name="index-lines_002c-an-overview-13"></a>
Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board.
When in the line mode, each <em>Btn1</em>
press establishes one end of a line.
Once the second point is defined, the line is drawn
and a new line started where the first one ended.
You can abandon the new starting point in favor
of another by pressing <em>Ctrl-Btn1</em>, or
<em>Btn3</em>, but don't use <em>Btn2</em>.
The undo function (<em>U</em> key or ‘<samp><span class="samp">Undo</span></samp>’
from the <b>Edit</b> menu) will take you back
point by point if you use it while in the line mode.
<p><a name="index-two-line-mode-14"></a>New lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle this
restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing the <em>period</em> key.
If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, then the <em>/</em> (forward slash) key
can be used to cycle through three different modes of 45 degree line creation.
One mode just creates a single line forced to the nearest 45 degree vector. The next
mode creates two lines from the start to end points such that the first line leaves the
start point at a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45
degree vector. The last mode creates two lines such that the first line leaves the
start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end point on a 90 degree vector.
You can temporarily swap between the last two modes by holding the <em>Shift</em> key down.
<p>It is simple to edit a line object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode),
moving an end point or the whole line (<em>Arrow tool</em>),
or changing the layer it resides on (<em>M</em> key moves the line under the pointer
to the active layer).
In the case when two line segments meet at exactly the same
point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the delete tool removes an entire line.
Feel free to experiment
since <code>Pcb</code> will allow you to undo and redo anything that materially affects your work.
If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will automatically be
placed, when necessary, in order to continue the connection.
<p><a name="index-clearance-15"></a>If you draw a line inside a polygon, it will either plow through the
polygon creating a clearance, or touch the polygon. This behavior is
selectable in the <b>Settings</b> menu for new lines. To change the
behavior of an existing line, hit the <em>J</em> key with the cross hair
over the line. You can increase the size of the clearance by 2 mils on
each edge with the
<em>K</em> key. <em>Shift-K</em> will decrease the clearance by 2 mils.
The increment may be changed from 2 mils through the application
resource file.
The clearance can be also increased, decreased and set
by the <em>ChangeClearSize</em> action.
<p>Lines do not need to intersect the center of a pin, pad, via, or other
line for <code>Pcb</code> to understand that they make electrical connection.
If the connection is too tenuous, running the design rule checker will report
that the connection may break if the line width shrinks slightly.
<div class="node">
<a name="Arc-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.6 Arcs</h3>
<p><a name="index-arc-16"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> can handle arcs of any angular extent, but when you
create an arc with the Arc tool, it will
be a quarter circle (this means they always bend a right angle). Arcs are very similar
to lines otherwise. They are created on the active layer and have the same thickness
that new lines will have. The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the
same way for creating arcs.
In order to make the arc curve in the desired direction, drag the mouse along
the tangent line from the starting position towards the end position. If the grid is
too coarse, it may not be possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up,
or up then over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go in the direction you want, try pressing
the <em>Shift</em> key while drawing the arc. Decreasing the grid spacing may also help.
Alternatively you can draw the wrong arc, then
rotate and move it where you want. Like the Line tool, after an arc is drawn a new
starting point is established at the end point.
<p>Whenever a starting point is established
by either the Line or Arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the
tools (e.g. <em>F2</em> key for Lines, <em>F8</em> key for Arcs). Arcs can either touch or
clear polygons just like lines do. Of course connection
searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs too.
<div class="node">
<a name="Polygon-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.7 Polygons</h3>
<p><a name="index-polygon_002c-an-overview-17"></a>
Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper.
The way to do this is with polygons.
Polygons can be created in either the polygon mode or the rectangle mode.
In the polygon mode, you'll have to define each corner of the polygon
with a mouse click (<em>Btn1</em>). When the last point is clicked
exactly on top of the starting point, the polygon is finished.
Since this can be hard to do, the <em>Shift-P</em> key will enter the
final point for you, closing the polygon.
If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on
and you try to close the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a
warning instead. If you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to
undo one (or more) of the points that you've already defined, use the
undo command (<em>U</em> key).
<p>With the rectangle tool, defining
the two diagonally opposite corners is sufficient, but of course the resulting
polygon is a rectangle.
Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving the points
that define it. Pins and vias <em>always</em> clear through polygons without
touching them when first positioned. You must add a thermal with the thermal
tool in order to connect pins and vias to polygons. Thermals can be added and removed by
clicking <em>Btn1</em> with the thermal tool over the pin or via.
The thermal tool always
places a thermal to polygons on the active layer, so if the tool doesn't
seem to work, it's probably because the polygon you want to touch is not
on the active layer. You can change the style of thermal used or make
a solid connection by holding down <em>Shift</em> while clicking
<em>Btn1</em> with the thermal tool over the pin or via.
<p><code>Pcb</code> is capable of handling complex polygons, but
using a number of simpler ones improves performance of the connection tracing code.
You also must be careful not to create polygons that touch or overlap themselves.
The fabricated board may not look the way you expect if you violate this
principle. It is always ok to have two (or more) polygons touch or overlap
each other, but not for points within the same polygon to do so.
<p>The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that simple or complex ground
and/or power planes can be easily made with polygons and seen on the screen.
If you don't want this auto-clearance behavior, or you load a layout created by
an early version of <code>Pcb</code>, the old behavior
(shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. A ‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeSize</span></samp>’
operation (<em>S</em> key) toggles a polygon between the new and old polygon/pin
behavior.
<div class="node">
<a name="Text-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.8 Text</h3>
<p><a name="index-text_002c-an-overview-18"></a><a name="index-strings_002c-an-overview-19"></a>
Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional
information on the board. Elements have their ‘<samp><span class="samp">layout-name</span></samp>’ labels on the
silk-screen layer. If you are making a board without a silkscreen,
you can use copper text to label the elements, but you have to do
this manually.
<p>Text is always horizontal when first created, but the
rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles.
Text on the far side of the board will automatically appear mirror-imaged.
<p><em>Warning:</em> <b>TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR
CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES</b>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Net-Objects"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.9 Nets</h3>
<p><a name="index-rats_002dnest-20"></a><a name="index-netlist-21"></a>
Layout files also contain the netlist that describes how the elements
are supposed to be interconnected. This list of connections can be
loaded from a netlist file (see <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>), or
entered by drawing rat-lines as described
previously. Each net has a name and routing style associated with it.
The net contains a list of all element <em>layout-name</em> names and
pin <em>numbers</em> that should
be connected to the net. Loading a netlist file will replace all
existing nets with the ones from the file.
The <em>Netlist</em> window provides an easy way to
browse through the net list. You can display the rat's-nest by selecting
‘<samp><span class="samp">optimize rats-nest</span></samp>’ from the <b>Connects</b> menu. If you move or rotate elements,
the rat's-nest will automatically follow the movements, but they won't
necessarily show the shortest paths until you optimize them again.
<!-- chapter 2 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Getting-Started"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Intro">Intro</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Getting Started</h2>
<p><a name="index-how-to-start-22"></a>
The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn how
<code>Pcb</code> works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of <code>Pcb</code>'s
features. All event translations (<em>i.e.</em> the buttons and keys you
press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with <code>Pcb</code>.
There is probably no need to change this unless your window
manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you <em>want</em>
to customize the behavior of <code>Pcb</code> then changing the resource file
is usually the best way to do it.
<p>Get yourself a printout of this chapter and <em>User Commands</em>, if you
haven't already done so, and follow the examples.
<p>Start <code>Pcb</code> (the actual command will use all lower-case letters)
without any additional options.
If you get the error message:
<pre class="display"> can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font'
</pre>
<p class="noindent">then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource
file is wrong. Be sure that your <code>m4</code> program supports search paths.
If not, get <code>GNU m4</code>.
For other messages, see <a href="#problems">problems</a>.
Another quick-start is provided by <code>pcbtest.sh</code> in the <samp><span class="file">src</span></samp>
directory. If some features don't seem to work, try running <code>pcbtest.sh</code>,
if that works, then <code>Pcb</code> hasn't been installed properly.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>: The elements of the main window.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a>: The optional logging window
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a>: The circuit selection window
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a>: The desired connections window
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Printing">Printing</a>: Creating Gerber files or postscript files
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>: Exporting a layout.
<li><a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>: How to get a list of all or some connections.
<li><a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>: Selecting/Moving objects.
<li><a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist.
<li><a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a>: Check for manufactureability
<li><a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a>: Optimization of layouts
<li><a href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a>: Searching for elements
<li><a href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a>: Measuring distances
<li><a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a>: Mapping drills to a vendor specified list
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Application-Window"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.1 The Application Window</h3>
<p>The main window consists of five areas:
the menu at the top, the layer control in the upper left, the tool buttons
located below the layer controls, the Layout area to the right of these, and the
status line at the bottom of the window.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Menu">Menu</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a>: What is the program configuration.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a>: Switch layers on/off; change current one.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a>: Select a layout tool.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Layout-Area">Layout Area</a>: Where the layout is drawn.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Menu"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.1 Menus</h4>
<p><a name="index-menus-23"></a><a name="index-popping-up-menus-24"></a>
The menus are located at the top of the Layout area. Most, but not all,
of their functions are also available from the keyboard. Similarly, some
functions are only achievable through the keyboard or command entry.
Some menu entries such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">center layout</span></samp>’ in the <b>Screen</b> menu require a certain cross hair position.
In this case a prompt message will popup at the bottom of the screen
with wording similar to the following:
<pre class="example"> move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button
</pre>
<p>Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the arrow (cursor) keys
will cancel the operation. If it seems like the menu hasn't done what you
expected, check to see if it is waiting for the position click. For details see <a href="#Actions">Actions</a>.
<p>Pressing <em>Btn3</em> in the Layout area also pops up a menu with many of the most common operations (except
when you're in the midst of drawing a line or arc). When
a choice in the <em>Btn3</em> popup menu needs a cross hair position, it uses the position
where the cross hair was when <em>Btn3</em> was pressed. For example, to get detailed
information on an object, place the cross hair over the object, press <em>Btn3</em>, then
choose ‘<samp><span class="samp">object report</span></samp>’. If you pop up the <em>Btn3</em> menu but don't want to
take any of the actions, click on one of the headers in the menu.
<a name="index-File_002c-popup-menu-25"></a>
<dl><dt><b>File</b><dd>This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, saving
connection information to a file or quitting the application. Most
of the entries in the <b>File</b> menu are self explanatory.
Selecting
‘<samp><span class="samp">Print...</span></samp>’ pops up a printer control dialog.
Several output formats are available from the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Export...</span></samp>’ menu item.
Presently <em>PostScript</em>, <em>encapsulated PostScript</em>,
and <em>GerberX</em> are some of the supported filetypes.
The <em>GerberX</em> driver produces
all of the files necessary to have the board professionally manufactured.
The connection saving features in the <b>File</b> menu produce outputs in an
arcane format that is not too useful. They do <em>not</em> produce netlist
files.
<p><a name="index-Edit_002c-popup-menu-26"></a><a name="index-undo-27"></a><a name="index-redo-28"></a><br><dt><b>Edit</b><dd>The <b>Edit</b> menu provides the usual cut, copy, paste
which work on selections. To learn how to
create complex selections, see <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>.
The <b>Edit</b> menu also
provides access to Undo and Redo of the last operation. These
can also be accomplished with the <em>U</em> key and <em>Shift-R</em>
key. Finally, the <b>Edit</b> menu allows you to change the names
of: the layout, the active layer, or text objects on the layout.
<p><a name="index-Route-Styles_002c-popup-menu-29"></a><br><dt><b>Routes Style</b><dd>The <b>Edit</b> menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via diameter, via drill
size, and clearance (keepaway) (collectively called a "routing style") to be copied to the "active" sizes.
You can also change the names given to the routing styles and adjust their values from
this menu. The "active" sizes are also adjustable from this menu.
The "active" sizes are shown in the status-line and control the initial size of new vias,
drilling holes, lines, clearances, text-objects and also the maximum dimensions of the
board layout.
<p><a name="index-View_002c-popup-menu-30"></a><a name="index-displaying-element-names-31"></a><a name="index-element_002c-display-names-of-32"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-display-33"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-alignment-34"></a><a name="index-zoom_002c-setting-35"></a><br><dt><b>View</b><dd>The <b>View</b> menu supports most functions related to
the whole Layout area. There are various entries to change the grid to some popular
values, the zoom factor, and which kind of element name is displayed.
You can also re-align the grid origin and turn on and off the display
of the grid.
Before changing the grid alignment, I recommend that you zoom in as close as
possible so that you're sure the grid
points appear exactly where you want them.
<p><a name="index-solder-mask_002c-viewing-and-editing-36"></a>The <b>View</b> menu also allows you to turn on and off the
visibility of the solder-mask layer. When the solder-mask layer
is made visible it obscures most of the layout, so only turn
this on when you really want to know what the solder-mask will
look like. The solder-mask that you see belongs to the
side of the board you are viewing, which can be changed with
the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Flip up/down</span></samp>’ option, also found in the <b>View</b> menu.
When the solder-mask is displayed, the pin and pad clearance adjustments
(see <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>) alter the size of mask cut-outs.
<p><a name="index-Settings_002c-popup-menu-37"></a><a name="index-unique-names-38"></a><a name="index-rubber-band-39"></a><a name="index-snap-to-pins-40"></a><a name="index-clearance_002c-for-new-lines-41"></a><br><dt><b>Settings</b><dd>The <b>Settings</b> menu controls several operating configuration
parameters. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">all-direction lines</span></samp>’ entry controls
the clipping of lines to 45-degree angles. You can also control
whether moving individual objects causes the attached lines to
"rubber band" with the move or not from the <b>Settings</b> menu. Another
entry controls whether the starting clip angle for the two-line
mode (see <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>) alternates every other line. You can
also control whether element names must be unique from the <b>Settings</b>
menu. When unique element names are enforced, copying a new element
will automatically create a unique ‘<samp><span class="samp">layout-name</span></samp>’ name for it
provided that the name originally ended with a digit (<em>e.g.</em>
U7 or R6). The <b>Settings</b> menu allows you to control
whether the cross hair will snap to pins and pads even when they
are off-grid. Finally you can control whether new lines and
arcs touch or clear intersecting polygons from this menu.
<p><a name="index-Select_002c-popup-menu-42"></a><a name="index-selected-objects_002c-removing-43"></a><a name="index-selected-objects_002c-changing-sizes-44"></a><br><dt><b>Select</b><dd>This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected objects.
You may either (un)select all visible objects on a layout or only the ones
which have been found by the last connection scan see
<!-- DRM: not sure where this was suppose to xfef to. -->
<!-- @ref{find connections} -->
.
You can delete all selected objects from this menu.
Other entries in the <b>Select</b> menu change the sizes of selected objects.
Note that a select action only affects those objects that are
selected <em>and</em> have their visibility turned on in the Layer Control
panel. The <b>Select</b> menu also provides a means for selecting objects
by name using unix <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>.
<p><a name="index-Buffer_002c-popup-menu-45"></a><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-popup-menu-46"></a><a name="index-element_002c-editing-47"></a><br><dt><b>Buffer</b><dd>From the <b>Buffer</b> menu you may select one out of five
buffers to use, rotate or clear its contents or save the buffer contents
to a file. You can also use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">break buffer elements to pieces</span></samp>’ entry
to de-compose an element into pieces for editing.
Note: only objects with visibility turned on are pasted to the layout. If
you have something in a buffer, then change which side of the board you
are viewing, the contents of the buffer will automatically be mirrored
for pasting on the side you are viewing. It is not necessary to clear
a buffer before cutting or copying something into it - it will automatically
be cleared first.
<p><a name="index-Connects_002c-popup-menu-48"></a><a name="index-auto_002drouter-49"></a><a name="index-design-rule-checker_002c-invoking-50"></a><br><dt><b>Connects</b><dd>The entries available through the <b>Connects</b> menu allow you to find
connections from objects and to manipulate these.
You can also optimize or erase rat's nests from this menu. Finally,
the ‘<samp><span class="samp">auto-route all rats</span></samp>’ entry allows you to auto-route
all connections show by the rat's nest. The auto-router will use
any visible copper layer for routing, so turn off the visibility of any
layers you don't want it to use. The auto-router will automatically
understand and avoid any traces that are already on the board, but
it is not restricted to the grid. Finally,
the auto-router routes using the active sizes (except for nets that
have a route-style defined). <code>Pcb</code> always knows which tracks
were routed by the auto-router, and you can selectively remove them
without fear of changing tracks that you have manually routed
with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">rip-up all auto-routed tracks</span></samp>’ entry in the <b>Connects</b>
menu. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">design rule checker</span></samp>’ entry runs a check for copper
areas that are too close together, or connections that touch too
tenuously for reliable production. The DRC stops when the first
problem is encountered so after fixing a problem be sure to
run it again until no problems are found.
<pre class="display"> <em>Warning:</em> <b>COPPER TEXT IS IGNORED BY THE DRC CHECKER</b>.
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Info_002c-popup-menu-51"></a><a name="index-report-52"></a><a name="index-object-report-53"></a><a name="index-drill-report-54"></a><br><dt><b>Info</b><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">generate object report</span></samp>’ entry from the <b>Info</b> menu
provides a way to get detailed information
about an object, such as its coordinates, dimensions, etc.
You can also get a report summarizing all of the drills
used on the board with ‘<samp><span class="samp">generate drill summary</span></samp>’. Lastly,
you can get a list of all pins, pads and vias that were
found during a connection search.
<p><a name="index-Window_002c-popup-menu-55"></a><br><dt><b>Window</b><dd>The <b>Window</b> menu provides a way to bring each of <code>Pcb's</code>
windows to the front. The <em>Library</em> window is used to
bring elements from the library into the paste-buffer. The
<em>Message Log</em> window holds the various messages that
<code>Pcb</code> sends to the user. The <em>Netlist</em> window shows
the list of connections desired.
</dl>
<p>Now that you're familiar with the various menus, it's time
to try some things out. From the <b>File</b> menu choose
‘<samp><span class="samp">Open...</span></samp>’, navigate to the tutorial folder, then
load the file ‘<samp><span class="samp">tut1.pcb</span></samp>’.
<div class="node">
<a name="Status-line-and-Input-field"></a>
<a name="Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu">Menu</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.2 The Status-line and Input-field</h4>
<p><a name="index-status-information-56"></a><a name="index-displaying-status-information-57"></a><a name="index-input_002dfield_002c-position-of-58"></a>
The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window.
During normal operation the status information is visible there.
When a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the
status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor
and click.
When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced by the
Input-field which has a prompt for typing the input.
<p>The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board that you
are viewing (<em>Tab</em> key changes this), the current grid values,
if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees,
which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and
rotate mode is on (R), and the zoom factor.
This information is followed by the active line-width, via-size
and drilling hole, keepaway spacing, and text scaling. Last is the active buffer number and the
name of the layout. An asterisk appearing at the far left indicates that the
layout has been modified since the last save.
Note that the name of the layout is not the same
thing as the filename of the layout.
Change the grid factor to 1.0 mm from the <b>Screen</b> menu. Observe how the
status line shows the new grid setting. Except for the case of the metric
grid, all dimensions in the status line are in units of 0.001 inch (1 mil).
<p>The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) whenever user input
is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: the <em>Escape</em> key
aborts the input, <em>Return</em> accepts it. Let's change the name of a component
on the board to see how the input-field works. Position the cross hair over
R5, and press the <em>N</em> key. The input field pops-up showing the name
for you to edit. Go ahead and change the name, then hit return. Notice the name
of the element changed. Now undo the change by pressing the <em>U</em> key. You can
position the cross hair over the name, or the element before pressing the
<em>N</em> key.
<p>Now select ‘<samp><span class="samp">realign grid</span></samp>’ from the <b>Screen</b> menu. Notice that the
status line has been replaced with an instruction to position the cursor
where you want a grid point to fall. In this case, since the cross hair
can only fall on a grid point, you must move the tip of the finger cursor
to the place where you want a grid point to appear. Do not worry that
the cross hair is not coincident with the cursor. Click <em>Btn1</em> at
your chosen location. See how the grid has shifted, and the status line
has returned.
<p>The present cross hair position is displayed in the upper right corner of the window.
Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but you can anchor a marker at
the cross hair location by pressing <em>Ctrl-M</em> (try it now) and then the
display will read both the absolute cross hair position as well as the difference
between it and the marker. The numbers enclosed in < > are the X and Y distances
between the cross hair and the mark, while the numbers enclosed in parenthesis
are the distance and angle from the mark to the cross hair. The values displayed
are always in units of 0.001 inch (1 mil).
Pressing <em>Ctrl-M</em> again turns the marker off.
<div class="node">
<a name="Layer-Controls"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.3 The Layer Controls</h4>
<p><a name="index-layer-controls-59"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-switching-on_002foff-60"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-changing-which-is-active-61"></a><a name="index-change-active-layer-62"></a>
The layer control panel, located in the upper left, is used to turn on
and off the display of layer groups and to select the active drawing layer.
If a layer hasn't been named, the label "<em>(unknown)</em>" is used as the default.
If this happens, it probably means the application resources are not installed
properly.
<p>The upper buttons are used to switch layers on and off. Click
<em><Btn1></em> on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting.
If you turn off the currently active layer, another one that is visible
will become active. If there are no others visible, you will not be
able to turn off the active layer.
When the layers are grouped, clicking on these buttons will toggle
the visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because
layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of
the actual board. Notice that this example has 2 groups each having
3 layers, plus two other layers named ‘<samp><span class="samp">unused</span></samp>’.
Use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Edit layer groups</span></samp>’ option in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Settings</span></samp>’ menu to
change the layer groupings in the lesstif GUI or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Preferences</span></samp>’
dialog from the ‘<samp><span class="samp">File</span></samp>’ menu in the GTK+ GUI. Note that changing the
groupings can radically alter the connectivity on the board.
Grouping layers is only useful for helping you to color-code
signals in your layout. Note that grouping layers actually reduces the number
of different physical layers available for your board, so to make an eight
layer board, you cannot group any layers.
<p>The <em>far side</em> button turns on and off the visibility of elements
(including SMD pads) on the opposite (to the side you're viewing)
board side, as well as silk screening on that side. It does not
hide the x-ray view of the other copper layers, these must be turned off
separately if desired. Use the <em>tab</em> key to view the entire board from the other
side. To see a view of what the back side of the board will actually look like,
make the solder layer the active layer then press <em>tab</em> until the status
line says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all layers
except solder, pins/pads, vias, and silk. Now turn them all back on.
<p>The lowest button, named <em>active</em>, is used to change the active
drawing layer. Pressing <em><Btn1></em> on it pops up a menu to select which
layer should be active.
Each entry is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color.
The active layer is automatically made visible. The active layer is
always drawn on top of the other layers, so the ordering of layers
on the screen does not generally reflect the ordering of the manufactured
board. Only the solder, component, silkscreen, and solder-mask layers
are always drawn in their physical order. Bringing the active layer
to the top makes it easier to select and change objects on the active layer.
Try changing the active layer's name to <em>ABC</em> by selecting
‘<samp><span class="samp">edit name of active layer</span></samp>’ from the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Edit</span></samp>’ menu.
Changing the active layer can also be done by pressing keys
<em>1..MAX_LAYER</em>.
<p>Turn off the visibility of the component layer.
Now make the component layer the active layer. Notice that it
automatically became visible. Try setting a few
other layers as the active layer. You should also experiment
with turning on and off each of the layers to see what happens.
<p>The netlist layer is a special layer for adding connections to
the netlist by drawing rat lines. This is not the recommended
way to add to the netlist, but occasionally may be convenient.
To learn how to use the netlist layer see <a href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Tool-Selectors"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layout-Area">Layout Area</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.4 The Tool Selectors</h4>
<p><a name="index-mode-selection-63"></a><a name="index-tool-selection-64"></a><a name="index-selecting-a-new-tool-65"></a>
The tool selector buttons reside below the layer controls.
They are used to select which layout tool to use in the drawing
area. Each tool performs its function when <em>Btn1</em> is pressed.
Every tool gives the cursor a unique shape that identifies it.
The tool selector buttons themselves are icons that illustrate their function.
Each layout tool can also be selected from the keyboard:
<pre class="example"> <em>F1</em> key Via tool
<em>F2</em> key Line tool
<em>F3</em> key Arc tool
<em>F4</em> key Text tool
<em>F5</em> key Rectangle tool
<em>F6</em> key Polygon tool
<em>F7</em> key Buffer tool
<em>F8</em> key Delete tool
<em>F9</em> key Rotate tool
<em>Insert</em> key Insert-point tool
<em>F10</em> key Thermal tool
<em>F11</em> key Arrow tool
<em>F12</em> key Lock tool
</pre>
<p>Some of the tools are very simple, such as the Via tool. Clicking
<em>Btn1</em> with the Via tool creates a via at the cross hair position.
The via will have the diameter and drill sizes that are active,
as shown in the status line.
The Buffer tool is similar. With it, <em><Btn1></em> copies
the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only
those parts that reside on visible layers are copied.
The Rotate tool allows you to rotate elements, arcs, and text objects
90 degrees counter-clockwise with each click. Holding the <em>Shift</em>
key down changes the Rotate tool to clockwise operation.
Anything including groups of objects
can be rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.
<p>The Line tool is explained in detail in <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>. Go read
that section if you haven't already.
Activate the Line tool. Set the active layer to the solder layer.
Try drawing some lines. Use the <em>U</em> key to undo some of the
lines you just created. Zoom in a bit closer with the <em>Z</em> key.
Draw some more lines. Be sure to draw some separate lines by starting
a new anchor point with <em>Ctrl-Btn1</em>. Change the ‘<samp><span class="samp">crosshair snaps to pin/pads</span></samp>’
behavior in the <b>Settings</b> menu. Now draw a line. Notice that
the new line points must now always be on a grid point. It might not
be able to reach some pins or pads with this setting. Increase the active line thickness
by pressing the <em>L</em> key. Note that the status line updates
to reflect the new active line thickness. Now draw another line. Before completing the
next line, make the component layer active by pressing the <em>4</em> key.
Now finish the line. Notice that a via was automatically placed where
you switched layers. <code>Pcb</code> does not do any checks to make sure that
the via could safely be placed there. Neither does it interfere with
your desire to place lines haphazardly. It is up to you to place
things properly when doing manual routing with the Line tool.
<p>The Arc tool is explained in detail in <a href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>. Its
use is very similar to the Line tool.
<p>The Rectangle tool, Polygon tool and Thermal tool are explained in detail in
<a href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>. Go read that section.
Remember that the Thermal tool will only create and destroy thermals
to polygons on the active layer. Use the Rectangle tool to make a
small copper plane on the component layer. Now place a via in the
middle of the plane. Notice that it does not touch the plane, and
they are not electrically connected. Use the Thermal tool to make
the via connect to the plane. Thermals allow the via or pin to
be heated by a soldering iron without having to heat the entire
plane. If solid connections were made to the plane, it could be
nearly impossible to solder. Shift-click on the via with the Thermal
tool to change the style of thermal used or to make the connection
solid. Click on the via again with the Thermal tool to remove the
connection to the plane.
<p>The Insert-point tool is an editing tool that allows you to add
points into lines and polygons. The
Insert-point tool enforces the 45 degree line
rule. You can force only the shorter line segment to 45
degrees by holding the <em>Shift</em> key down while inserting the point.
Try adding a point into one of the lines you created. Since line
clipping is turned on, you may need to move the cross hair quite far
from the point where you first clicked on the line. Turn off the
line clipping by selecting ‘<samp><span class="samp">all-direction lines</span></samp>’ from the
<b>Settings</b> menu (or hit
the <em>Period</em> key). Now you can place an inserted point anywhere.
Try adding a point to the rectangle you made earlier. Start by clicking
somewhere along an edge of the rectangle, then move the pointer to
a new location and click again.
<p>The delete-mode deletes the object beneath the cursor with each
<em>Btn1</em> click.
If you click at an end-point that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines with a single line
spanning the two remaining points. This can be used to delete an "inserted"
point in a line, restoring the previous line. Now delete one of the original corner
points of the polygon you were just playing with. To do this, place the cross hair over the
corner and click on it with the Delete tool. You could also use the <em>Backspace</em> key
if some other tool is active. Try deleting some of
the lines and intermediate points that you created earlier. Use undo
repeatedly to undo all the changes that you've made. Use redo
a few times to see what happens. Now add a new line. Notice that
you can no longer use redo since the layout has changed since
the last undo happened. The undo/redo tree is always pruned in this
way (<em>i.e.</em> it has a root, but no branches).
<p>The Arrow tool is so important, it has its own section: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>.
Go read it now.
<p>The Lock tool allows you to lock objects on the layout. When an object
is locked, it can't be selected, moved, rotated, or resized. This is
useful for very large objects like ground planes, or board-outlines that
are defined as an element. With such large objects, nearly anywhere you
click with the Arrow tool will be on the large object, so it could be
hard to draw box selections. If you lock an object, the Arrow tool will
behave as if it didn't exist. You cannot unlock an object with undo.
You must click on it again with the Lock tool. If an object is locked,
previous changes to it cannot be undone either. When you lock
an object, a report message about it is popped up and will always tell
you what object it is, and that it is locked if you just locked it.
Other than noticing your inability to manipulate something, the only
way to tell an object is locked is with a report from the <b>Info</b>
menu. Use the Lock tool sparingly.
<div class="node">
<a name="Layout-Area"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.5 Layout Area</h4>
<p><a name="index-grid-66"></a>
The layout area is where you see the layout. The cursor shape depends
on the active tool when the pointer is moved into the layout area.
A cross hair follows the mouse pointer with respect to the grid setting.
Select a new grid from the <em>Screen</em> menu.
The new value is updated in the status line.
A different way to change the grid is
<em>Shift<Key>g</em> to decrease or <em><Key>g</em> to increase
it, but this only works for English (integer mil) grids.
The grid setting is saved along with the data when you save a pcb layout.
For homemade layouts a value around 50 is a good setting.
The cursor can also be moved in the layout area with the cursor (arrow) keys or, for larger
distances, by pressing the <em>Shift</em> modifier together with a cursor key.
<div class="node">
<a name="Log-Window"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.2 Log Window</h3>
<p><a name="index-log-window-67"></a><a name="index-messages-68"></a>
This optional window is used to display all kind of messages including
the ones written to <em>stderr</em> by external commands. The main advantage
of using it is
that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the
program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource
<em>useLogWindow</em> to <em>false</em> will generate popup windows to display
messages. The <em>stderr</em> of external commands will appear on <code>Pcb</code>s
<em>stderr</em> which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify
the log window after startup for example by setting <em>*log.iconic</em> to
<em>true</em> in the resource file. If <em>raiseLogWindow</em> is set <em>true</em>,
the window will deiconify and raise itself whenever new messages are to be
displayed.
<div class="node">
<a name="Library-Window"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.3 Library Window</h3>
<p><a name="index-library-window-69"></a>
The library window makes loading elements (or even partial layouts) easy.
Just click the appropriate library from the list on the left. A list
of its elements then appears on the right. Select an element
from the list by clicking on its description. Selecting an element from the
library will also automatically copy the element into
the active buffer, then invoke the <em>Buffer</em> tool so
you can paste it to the layout. Elements in the old library should be
taken with a grain of salt (<em>i.e.</em> check them carefully before
using). The old library names all begin with ~ so you can easily distinguish between
the old and new libraries. All of the elements in the new library
should be thoroughly vetted, so you
can use them with confidence. The new libraries are stored simply
as directories full of element files, so making additions to the
new library is easy since there is no need to learn <code>m4</code>.
For details on the old libraries,
check-out <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a> and <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>. For
details on the format of an element file used for the new libraries,
see <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Netlist-Window"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.4 Netlist Window</h3>
<p><a name="index-Netlist-Window-70"></a>
The netlist window is very similar to the library window. On the left
is a list of all of the nets, on the right is the list of connections
belonging to the chosen net. The chosen net is highlighted in the
list and also shown on the second line of the window in red. If the
net name has a star to the left of it then it is "disabled". A disabled
net is treated as if it were not in the net list. This is useful, for
example, if you plan to use a ground plane and don't want the ground
net showing up in the rat's nest. You can enable/disable individual
nets by double-clicking the net name. If you want to enable or disable
all nets at once, there are two buttons at the top of the netlist
window for this purpose.
<p>The button labeled ‘<samp><span class="samp">Sel Net On Layout</span></samp>’
can be used to select (on the layout) everything that is connected
(or is supposed to be connected) to the net. If you click on a
connection in the connection list, it will select/deselect
the corresponding pin or pad in the layout and also center the layout
window where it is located. If you "Find" (‘<samp><span class="samp">lookup connection</span></samp>’ in the <b>Connects</b> menu [also <em>F</em> key]), a pin
or pad it will also choose the net and connection in the netlist window
if it exists in the netlist.
<p>If no netlist exists for the layout, then the netlist window does not
appear. You can load a netlist from a file from the <b>File</b> menu. The
format for netlist files is described in <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Drawing-and-Removing"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.5 Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</h3>
<p><a name="index-drawing-objects-71"></a><a name="index-removing-objects-72"></a><a name="index-erasing-objects-73"></a><a name="index-object_002c-drawing-and-removing-74"></a>
hace begging gutting here, and do a real-world tutorial example.
<p>There are several ways of creating new objects: you can draw them yourself,
you can copy an existing object (or selection), or you can load an element from a file or
from the Library window. Each type of object has a particular tool for creating it.
<p>The active tool can be selected from the tool selectors in the bottom
left corner or by one of the function keys listed earlier in this chapter.
Each <em><Btn1></em> press with the tool tells the application to create
or change the appropriate object or at least take
the first step to do so. Each tools causes the cursor to take
on a unique shape and also causes the corresponding
tool selector button to be highlighted. You can use either cue
to see which tool is active.
<p>Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into existing
polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced when selected.
Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new point to only clip
the line segment to the nearer of the two existing points to 45 degrees.
You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in the middle of a point
insertion by pressing the <em><Key>.</em>
If the shift key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode
is on, both new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly
restricting where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause
confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new
lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until the
pointer is moved far from the end points.
<p>Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to objects
that are visible when the command is executed.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Common">Common</a>: Keystrokes common to some objects.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Lines">Lines</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Arcs">Arcs</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Polygons">Polygons</a>: Drawing polygons and rectangles.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Text">Text</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Vias">Vias</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Elements">Elements</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>: A multi-purpose buffer.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Common"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Lines">Lines</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Common Drawing and Removing Methods</h4>
<p><a name="index-creating-objects-75"></a><a name="index-object_002c-creating-an-76"></a><a name="index-removing-objects-77"></a><a name="index-object_002c-removing-an-78"></a><a name="index-thickness-of-objects-79"></a><a name="index-object_002c-changing-the-size-of-an-80"></a>
There are several keystrokes and button events referring to an <em>object</em>
without identifying its type. Here's a list of them:
<p><em><Btn1></em> creates (or deletes) an object depending on the
current mode.
<p><em><Key>BackSpace</em> or <em><Key>Delete</em> removes the visible
object at the cursor location. When more than one object exists at the
location, the order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and
element. The drawn layer order also affects the search - whatever is
top - most (except elements) is affected before lower items. Basically
all this means that what is removed is probably just what you expect.
If for some reason it isn't, undo and try again.
Only one object is removed for each keystroke. If two or more
of the same type match, the newest one is removed.
<p>Use <em><Key>s</em> and <em>Shift<Key>s</em> to change the size (width)
of lines, arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style
of polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances).
<p><em><Key>n</em> changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the
string of a text object, or the currently displayed label of an element.
<p><em><Key>m</em> moves the line, arc, or polygon under the cross hair to the
active layer if it wasn't on that layer already.
<p><em><Key>u</em> (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations
such as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like
you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something.
<p><em>Shift<Key>r</em> restores the last undone operation provided no other
changes have been made since the undo was performed.
<p><em><Key>tab</em> changes the board side you are viewing.
<p>For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see <a href="#Translations">Translations</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Lines"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Arcs">Arcs</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Common">Common</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Lines</h4>
<p><a name="index-lines_002c-an-example-81"></a><a name="index-example-of-line-handling-82"></a>
To draw new lines you have to be in <em>line-mode</em>. Get there either by
selecting it from the <em>Tool palette</em> or by pressing <em><Key>F2</em>.
Each successive <em>notify</em> event creates a new line. The
adjustment to 45 degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the
<em>Display</em> menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by
pressing the <em><Key>.</em> (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement
is turned on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single
line on the closest 45 degree vector towards the cross hair (but not necessarily
actually ending at the cross hair), two lines created such that the first leaves
the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second arrives at the cross hair
on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines created such that the first leaves
the start point on a 45 degree vector and the second arrives at the cross hair
on a 90 degree vector. These last two modes always connect all the way from
the start and end points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples.
The <em><Key>/</em> cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a
text icon to indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following
the cross hair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be created.
Press <em><Key>Escape</em> to leave line-mode.
<p><em><Key>l</em>, <em>Shift<Key>l</em> and the entries in the
<em>Sizes</em> menu change the initial width of new lines. This width is also
displayed in the status line.
<div class="node">
<a name="Arcs"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygons">Polygons</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Lines">Lines</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Arcs</h4>
<p><a name="index-arc_002c-an-example-83"></a>
An Arc is drawn with the <em>arc-tool</em>. Get there either by selecting it
from the <em>Tool palette</em> or by pressing <em><Key>F8</em>. Press <em>Btn1</em> to
define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the desired
end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The outline of the arc that
will be created is shown on the screen as you move the mouse. Arcs are always
forced to be 90 degrees and have symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are
a quarter circle). The next <em>Btn1</em> click creates the arc. It will have
the same width as new lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the
active layer. The arc leaves the starting point towards the cross hair along
the axis whose distance from the cross hair is largest. Normally this means that
if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what you
want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances will be
equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible directions. If this
is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing (<em>!Shift<Key>G</em>) and
try again.
<div class="node">
<a name="Polygons"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Text">Text</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arcs">Arcs</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 Polygons and Rectangles</h4>
<p><a name="index-polygon_002c-an-example-84"></a><a name="index-example-of-polygon-handling-85"></a><a name="index-rectangle_002c-an-example-86"></a><a name="index-example-of-rectangle-handling-87"></a>
A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of
consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if
the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed.
Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use
<em>Shift<Key>p</em> to close the polygon. The <em>Shift<Key>p</em> won't
work if clipping to 45 degree lines is selected
and the final segment cannot match this condition.
I suggest you create simple convex polygons in order to avoid a strong
negative impact on the performance of the connection scanning routines.
The <em>rectangle-mode</em> is just an easy way to generate rectangular polygons.
<em>Polygon-mode</em> also is selected by <em><Key>F6</em> whereas
<em>rectangle-mode</em> uses <em><Key>F4</em>.
Pressing a <em><Btn1></em> at two locations creates a rectangle by
defining two of its corners.
<em><Key>Insert</em> brings you to <em>insert-point-mode</em> which lets you
add additional points to an already existing polygon.
Single points may be removed by moving the cross hair to them and selecting
one of the delete actions <em>(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete</em>. This only works
if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners.
Pressing <em><Key>u</em> or <em><Key>p</em> while entering a new polygon
brings you back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not
force clipping to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible).
Newly created polygons will not connect to pins or vias
that pierce it unless you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make
the connection. If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that
lies outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a
special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the warning
color.
<div class="node">
<a name="Text"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Vias">Vias</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygons">Polygons</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.5 Text</h4>
<p><a name="index-text_002c-an-example-88"></a><a name="index-strings_002c-an-example-89"></a><a name="index-example-of-text-handling-90"></a>
Pressing <em><Key>F5</em> or clicking one of the text selector buttons
changes to <em>text-mode</em>.
Each successive notify event (<em><Btn1></em>)
pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string.
Enter it and press <em><Key>Return</em> to confirm or
<em><Key>Escape</em> to abort.
The text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer
location.
The initial scaling is changed by <em><Key>t</em> and
<em>Shift<Key>t</em> or from the <em>Sizes</em> menu.
<p>Now switch to <em>rotate-mode</em> and press
<em><Btn1></em> at the text-objects location. Text objects
on the solder side of the layout are automatically mirrored and
flipped so that they are seen correctly when viewing the solder-side.
<p>Use <em><Key>n</em> to edit the string.
<p><b>TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR
CONNECTIONS</b>. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they
no longer create copper.
<div class="node">
<a name="Vias"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Elements">Elements</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Text">Text</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.6 Vias</h4>
<p><a name="index-vias_002c-an-example-91"></a><a name="index-example-of-via-handling-92"></a>
The initial size of new vias may be changed by <em><Key>v</em> and
<em>Shift<Key>v</em> or by selecting the appropriate entry from the
<em>Sizes</em> menu. <em>Mod1<Key>v</em> and <em>Mod1 Shift<Key>v</em> do
the same for the drilling hole of the via.
The statusline is updated with the new values.
Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to <em>via-mode</em>
by using either the selector button or <em><Key>F1</em> then press
<em><Key>]</em> or <em><Btn1></em> to create one.
<em><Key>n</em> changes the name of a via. If you want to create a mounting
hole for your board, then you can place a via where you want the hole to
be then convert the via into a hole. The conversion is done by pressing
<em>!Ctrl<Key>h</em> with the cross hair over the via. Conceptually it is
still a via, but it has no copper annulus. If you create such a hole in
the middle of two polygons on different layers, it will short the layers.
Theoretically you could arrange for such a hole not to be plated, but a
metal screw inserted in the hole would still risk shorting the layers.
A good rule is to realize that holes in the board really are vias between
the layers and so place them where they won't interfere with connectivity.
You can convert a hole back into a normal via with the same keystroke used
to convert it in the first place.
<div class="node">
<a name="Elements"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Vias">Vias</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.7 Elements</h4>
<p><a name="index-element_002c-an-example-93"></a><a name="index-example-of-element-handling-94"></a>
Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the package
layer and the pin layer are switched on.
<p>Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is
time to put the first element on the layout.
First of all, you have to load data into the paste buffer.
There are four ways to do this:
<pre class="example"> 1) load the data from a library
2) load the data from a file
3) copy data from an already existing element
4) convert objects in the buffer into an element
</pre>
<p>We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the
buffer, so we use number one.
<p><a name="index-example-files-95"></a><a name="index-m4_002c-preprocessing-example-files-96"></a>Select <em>lsi</em> from the menu in the library window press
<em><Btn1></em> twice at the appropriate text-line to get
the MC68030 CPU.
The data is loaded and the mode is switched to <em>pastebuffer-mode</em>.
Each notify event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode
by selecting a different one or by <em><Key>Escape</em> which resets
all modes..
The cross hair is located at the <em>mark</em> position as defined by
the data file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting
the <em>rotate</em> entry of the <em>Buffer</em> menu or by pressing
<em>Shift<Key>F3</em>. The contents of the buffer
are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a cut-to-buffer
operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new data file.
There are 5 buffers
available (possibly more or less if changed at compile time
with the <code>MAX_BUFFER</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>).
Switching between them is done by selecting a menu entry or
by <em>Shift<Key>1..MAX_BUFFER</em>.
Each of the two board sides has its own buffers.
<p>The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used
by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in the library,
but you can lift them from the example itself if you want.
If you have problems with the color of the cross hair, change the resource
<em>cross hairColor</em> setting to a different one.
<p><a name="index-example-of-loading-an-element-file-97"></a><a name="index-pins_002c-an-example-98"></a><a name="index-example-of-pin-handling-99"></a>Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example.
Create the circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed
elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element
hasn't been set yet. Selecting <em>description</em> from the <em>Display</em>
menu displays the description string of the two circuits which
are CPU and FPU. The values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882.
Each of the names of an element may be changed
by <em><Key>n</em> at the elements location and editing the old name in
the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias is similar to elements.
You can hide the element name so that it won't appear on the board
silkscreen by pressing <em><key>h</em> with the cursor over the element.
Doing so again un-hides the element name.
<p>Entering <kbd>:le</kbd> and selecting an element data file is
the second way to load circuits.
<p>The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one.
Please refer to <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>.
<p><a name="index-example-of-creating-an-element-100"></a><a name="index-element_002c-creating-a-new-package-101"></a><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-102"></a><a name="index-buffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-103"></a>The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's contents
into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool from the
<em>Tool pallet</em>. Set the grid spacing to something appropriate for
the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias where the pins
go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy to place a reference
point (<em>!Ctrl<Key>m</em>) in the center of the first pin in order to measure
the location of the other pins. Next make a solder-side layer the active
layer from the <em>active-layer</em> popup menu. Now draw the outline of
the element using lines and arcs. When you're done, select everything that
makes up the element with a box selection (<em><Btn3Down> drag,
<Btn3Up></em>). Now select "cut to buffer" from the <em>Buffer</em>
menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 and press the left
button to load the data into the buffer.
Finally select "convert buffer to element" from the <em>Buffer</em> menu.
You'll only want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the
library. It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of
the other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary.
<p>To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press <em>Shift<Key>d</em>
or select <em>show pinout</em> from the <em>Objects</em> menu. A new window
pops up and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can
be difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-(
therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names
are readable.
<em><Key>d</em> displays the name of one or all pins/pads inside the
Layout area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no effect on any
printing of the layout.
<p>You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing
<em><Key>s</em> to increase or <em>Shift<Key>s</em> to decrease it. While
this is possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken
to define the element structure in the first place. You can also change the thickness
of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You can
change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the <em><Key>q</em>.
SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can change whether
the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the <em>!Ctrl<Key>o</em>.
<p>SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible object"
color if they are located on the opposite side of the board.
<p>For information on element connections refer to <a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Pastebuffer"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Elements">Elements</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.8 Pastebuffer</h4>
<p><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-an-example-104"></a><a name="index-example-of-pastebuffer-handling-105"></a><a name="index-buffer_002c-an-example-106"></a><a name="index-example-of-buffer-handling-107"></a>
The line-stack and element-buffer of former releases have been replaced
by 5 (possibly more or less if changed at compile time
with the <code>MAX_BUFFER</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>)
multi-purpose buffers that are selected by
<em>Shift<Key>1..MAX_BUFFER</em>. The status line shows which buffer is
the active one.
You may load data from a file or layout into them.
Cut-and-paste works too.
If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you should
now have several objects on the screen. Move the cross hair to one of them
and press <em><Btn3Down></em> to toggle its selection flag. (If you drag the
mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be attempted instead
of toggling the selection.) The object
is redrawn in a different color. You also may want to try
moving the pointer while holding the third button down and
release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside the
rectangle and unselects everything else. If you want to add a box selection
to an existing selection, drag with <em>Mod1<Btn3Down></em> instead.
Dragging <em>Shift Mod1<Btn3Down></em> unselects objects in a box.
Now change to <em>pastebuffer-mode</em> and select some operations from the
<em>Buffer</em> menu. Copying objects to the buffer is available as
<em>Mod1<Key>c</em> while cutting them uses <em>Mod1<Key>x</em> as
shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is added.
If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a cross hair position by
pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the pastebuffer
relative to that cross hair location.
Element data or PCB data may be merged into an existing layout by loading
the datafiles into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from
the <em>File</em> menu or as user commands.
<div class="node">
<a name="Moving-and-Copying"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.6 Moving and Copying</h3>
<p><a name="index-moving_002c-an-example-108"></a><a name="index-copying_002c-an-example-109"></a><a name="index-example-of-moving-110"></a><a name="index-example-of-copying-111"></a>
All objects can be moved including element-names, by
<em><Btn2Down></em>, dragging the pointer while holding the button down
and releasing it at the new location of the object. If you use
<em>Mod1<Btn2Down></em> instead, the object is copied. Copying does not work for
element-names of course. You can move all selected objects with
<em>Shift <Btn1></em>. This uses the Pastebuffer, so
it will remove whatever was previously in the Pastebuffer.
Please refer to <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>.
If you want to give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think
that the mouse will give you the fine level of control that you want,
you can position the cursor over the object, press <em><Key>[</em>,
move it with the arrow keys, then press <em><Key>]</em> when it's at the
desired position. Remember that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so
you may want to change the grid spacing first.
<p><a name="index-moving_002c-traces-to-a-different-layer-112"></a><a name="index-changing-layers-113"></a>To move a trace or group of traces to a different layer, first select
the tracks to be moved. It's easiest to do this if you shut off everything
but that layer first (i.e. silk, pins, other layers, etc).
Now set the current layer to be the new layer.
Press Shift-M to move all the selected tracks to the current layer.
See the <em>MoveToCurrentLayer</em> action for more details.
<div class="node">
<a name="Loading-and-Saving"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing">Printing</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.7 Loading and Saving</h3>
<p><a name="index-loading_002c-an-example-114"></a><a name="index-saving_002c-an-example-115"></a><a name="index-example-of-saving-116"></a><a name="index-example-of-loading-117"></a>
After your first experience with <code>Pcb</code> you will probably want to save
your work. <kbd>:s name</kbd> passes the data to an external program which
is responsible for saving it. For details see <em>saveCommand</em> in
<a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
Saving also is available from the <em>File</em> menu, either with or
without supplying a filename. <code>Pcb</code> reuses the last
filename if you do not pass a new one to the save routine.
<p>To load an existing layout either select <em>Open...</em> from the
<em>File</em> menu or use <kbd>:l filename</kbd>. A file select box pops up if you
don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is
supported either by the <em>File</em> menu or by <kbd>:m filename</kbd>.
<p><a name="index-backup-118"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-119"></a><a name="index-preventing-loss-of-data-120"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ftmp-121"></a><a name="index-directory-_002ftmp-122"></a><a name="index-temporary-files-123"></a><code>Pcb</code> saves a backup of the current layout at a user specified interval.
The backup filename is created by appending a dash, "-", to the <samp><span class="file">.pcb</span></samp> filename.
For example, if you are editing the layout in <samp><span class="file">projects/board.pcb</span></samp> then the
backup file name will be <samp><span class="file">projects/board.pcb-</span></samp>. If the layout is new and
has not been saved yet, then the backup file name is <samp><span class="file">PCB.####.backup</span></samp> where the "####"
will be replaced by the process ID of the currenting running copy of <code>Pcb</code>.
This default backup file name may be changed at compilation time via the
<code>BACKUP_NAME</code>
variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>. During critical
sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as
<samp><span class="file">PCB.%i.save</span></samp>. This file name may be changed at compile time
with the <code>SAVE_NAME</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Printing"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.8 Printing</h3>
<p><a name="index-printing_002c-an-example-124"></a><a name="index-example-of-printing-125"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> now has support for device drivers,
<code>PostScript</code>, <em>encapsulated PostScript</em>,
and <em>Gerber RS-274X</em> drivers are
available so far. The <em>Gerber RS-274X</em>
driver additionally generates a numerical control (NC) drill file for
automated drilling,
a bill of materials file to assist in materials procurement and
inventory control, and a centroid (X-Y) file which includes the
centroid data needed
by automatic assembly (pick and place) machines.
I recommend the use of <code>GhostScript</code> if you
don't have a <code>PostScript</code> printer for handling the PostScript
output. Printing always generates
a complete set of files for a specified driver.
See the page about
the <em>Print()</em> action for additional information about the filenames.
The control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not available
for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to scale the gerber output
(you'd get an incorrectly made board!). The options are:
<a name="index-device_002c-selecting-an-output-126"></a>
<a name="index-output-device-127"></a>
<dl><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">device</span></samp>’<dd>The top menu button selects from the available device drivers.
<p><a name="index-rotating-printout-128"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">rotate</span></samp>’<dd>Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing (default).
<p><a name="index-mirroring-printout-129"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mirror</span></samp>’<dd>Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending
on your production line.
<p><a name="index-color-printout-130"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’<dd>Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if this option
is inactive.
<p><a name="index-outline-printout-131"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">outline</span></samp>’<dd>Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by the
maximum board size changeable from the <em>sizes</em> menu. The outline appears
on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not on the internal layers.
An outline can be useful for determining where to shear the board from the
panel, but be aware that it creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential
to cause short circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring
to the board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like
if you want to know what it looks like.
<p><a name="index-alignment-targets-132"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">alignment</span></samp>’<dd>Additional alignment targets are added to the output. The distances between
the board outline is set by the resource <em>alignmentDistance</em>. Alignment
targets should only be used if you know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING
THEM YOURSELF. It is extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment
targets if you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made.
<p><a name="index-scaling-a-printout-133"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">scaling</span></samp>’<dd>It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout.
Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs.
<p><a name="index-print-media-134"></a><a name="index-media_002c-size-of-135"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">media</span></samp>’<dd>Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user defined size
may be set by the resource <em>media</em> either from one of the well known
paper sizes or by a <code>X11</code> geometry specification.
This entry is only available if you use <code>X11R5</code> or later.
For earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, <em>A4</em>
is used.
Well known size are:
<pre class="display"> A3
A4
A5
letter
tabloid
ledger
legal
executive
</pre>
<p><a name="index-offset-of-printout-136"></a><a name="index-print-offset-137"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">offset</span></samp>’<dd>Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the right side
of the dialog box.
This entry is only available if you use <code>X11R5</code> or later. A zero
offset is used for earlier releases.
<p><a name="index-DOS-filenames-138"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">8.3 filenames</span></samp>’<dd>Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the output files.
The <em>command</em> input area will disappear if selected.
<p><a name="index-print-command-139"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">commandline</span></samp>’<dd>Use this line to enter a command (starts with <kbd>|</kbd>) or a filename.
A %f is replaced by the current filename.
The default is set by the resource <em>printCommand</em>.
</dl>
<p>The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay unchanged
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBMIN</span></samp>’<dd>identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBMAX</span></samp>’<dd>identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBOFFSET</span></samp>’<dd>is set to the x and y offset in mil.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBSCALE</span></samp>’<dd>is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBSTARTDATA</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBENDDATA</span></samp>’<dd>all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use them with an
<code>awk</code> script to produce several printouts on one piece of paper by
duplicating the code and putting some <code>translate</code> commands in front.
Note, the normal <code>PostScript</code> units are 1/72 inch.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Exporting"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing">Printing</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.9 Exporting a layout</h3>
<p><a name="index-Exporting-a-layout-140"></a><a name="index-Exporting-a-layout-141"></a>
To export a layout choose <em>Export layout</em> from the <em>File</em> menu, then
select the desired exporter.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#bom">bom</a>: Bill of materials.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#gcode">gcode</a>: G-code.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#gerber">gerber</a>: Gerber.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#ipc_002dd_002d356">ipc-d-356</a>: IPC-D-356.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#nelma">nelma</a>: Nelma.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#png">png</a>: Image.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#ps">ps</a>: Postscript.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#eps">eps</a>: Eps.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="bom"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gcode">gcode</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.1 Bill of materials (bom)</h4>
<p><a name="index-bom-142"></a><a name="index-bill-of-materials-143"></a>
Produces a bill of materials (BOM) file and a centroid (XY) file.
<div class="node">
<a name="gcode"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gerber">gerber</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#bom">bom</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.2 G-code (gcode)</h4>
<p><a name="index-gcode-144"></a><a name="index-g_002dcode-145"></a><a name="index-cnc-146"></a>
The gcode exporter can generate RS274/NGC G-CODE files to be used with a CNC mill to
produce pcb's by mechanically removing copper from the perimeter of all elements.
<p>The elements are enlarged in order to compensate for the cutting tool size so
that the remaining copper corresponds to the original size; however all
polygons are left unchanged and will end up being a little smaller; this is not a
problem because the electrical connection is done with traces, which are correctly
enlarged.
<p>A .cnc file is generated for every copper layer, with the bottom layer mirrored so
that the milling is done right; of course it's not possible to produce directly
multi-layer (more than 2) pcb's with this method, but the cnc files for
intermediate layers are generated anyways.
<p>A drill file is also generated, and it contains all drills regardless of the hole
size; the drilling sequence is optimized in order to require the least amount of
movement.
<p>The export function generates an intermediate raster image before extracting the contour
of copper elements, and this image is saved as well (in .png format) for inspection.
<p>When the spacing between two elements is less than the tool diameter they will merge
and no isolation will be cut between them; the control image should be checked for
this behaviour.
<p>Possible workarounds are: increasing spacing, decreasing the tool size, increasing
the intermediate image resolution.
<p>To maximize the chance of producing correct pcb's it would be better to increase
the DRC clearance to at least the tool diameter and use traces as thick as possible;
the rule is: use the largest element that will not prevent the isolation cut.
<p>The exporter parameters are:
<dl>
<dt><b>basename</b><dd>base name for generated files
<br><dt><b>dpi</b><dd>intermediate image resolution; affects precision when extracting contours
<br><dt><b>mill depth</b><dd>should be the copper depth
<br><dt><b>safe z</b><dd>Z value when moving between polygons
<br><dt><b>tool radius</b><dd>copper elements are enlarged by this amount
<br><dt><b>drill depth</b><dd>depth of drills
<br><dt><b>measurement unit</b><dd>for all parameters above, can be mm,um,inch,mil; g-code is always mm or inch
</dl>
<p>All .cnc files specify Z values as parameters, so that it's easy to
change them without the need to run the exporter again.
<p>Operation was verified with the EMC2 g-code interpreter.
<p>Following is a sample layout that is converted with default settings:
<div align="center"><img src="gcode.png" alt="Sample Layout"></div>
<p>The control image shows that the spacing is sufficient:
<div align="center"><img src="gcode_control_img.png" alt="Control Image"></div>
<p>The final tool path follows the perimeter of all elements:
<div align="center"><img src="gcode_tool_path.png" alt="Resulting Tool Path"></div>
<div class="node">
<a name="gerber"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ipc_002dd_002d356">ipc-d-356</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gcode">gcode</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.3 Gerber (gerber)</h4>
<p><a name="index-gerber-147"></a>
Produces RS274-X (a.k.a. gerber) photo plot files and Excellon drill files.
<div class="node">
<a name="ipc-d-356"></a>
<a name="ipc_002dd_002d356"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#nelma">nelma</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gerber">gerber</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.4 IPC-D-356 (ipcd356)</h4>
<p><a name="index-ipc_002dd_002d356-148"></a>
Produces an IPC-D-356 compliant netlist file for bare board testing.
<div class="node">
<a name="nelma"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#png">png</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ipc_002dd_002d356">ipc-d-356</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.5 Nelma (nelma)</h4>
<p><a name="index-nelma-149"></a>
Numerical analysis package export.
<div class="node">
<a name="png"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ps">ps</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#nelma">nelma</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.6 Image (png)</h4>
<p><a name="index-png-150"></a><a name="index-image-export-151"></a>
Produces GIF/JPEG/PNG image files.
<div class="node">
<a name="ps"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#eps">eps</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#png">png</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.7 Postscript (ps)</h4>
<p><a name="index-ps-152"></a><a name="index-postscript-153"></a>
Export as postscript.
Can be later converted to pdf.
<div class="node">
<a name="eps"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ps">ps</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.9.8 Encapsulated Postscript (eps)</h4>
<p><a name="index-eps-154"></a><a name="index-encapsulated-postscript-155"></a>
Export as eps (encapsulated postscript) for inclusion in other documents.
Can be later converted to pdf.
<div class="node">
<a name="Connection-Lists"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Exporting">Exporting</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.10 Connection Lists</h3>
<p><a name="index-example-of-connection-lists-156"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-creating-list-of-157"></a>
After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all drawn
connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably best done
in conjunction with a net-list file: see <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>.
The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine
the connections.
<pre class="example"> 1) create at least two elements and name them
2) create some connections between their pins
3) optionally add some vias and connections to them
</pre>
<p>Now select <em>lookup connection</em> from the <em>Connections</em> menu,
move the cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. <code>Pcb</code>
will look for all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have
selected and display the objects in a different color.
Now try some of the reset options available from the same menu.
<p>There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select
<em>a single element</em> from the menu and press any button at the
element's location. All connections of this element will be saved
to the specified file.
Either the layout name of the element or its canonical name is used to
identify pins depending on the one which is displayed on the screen
(may be changed by <em>Display</em> menu).
<p>An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing
<em>all elements</em>. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single
element except the resource <em>resetAfterElement</em>
is used to determine if connections should be reset before a new element is
scanned. Doing so will produce very long lists because the power lines are
rescanned for every element. By default the resource is set to <em>false</em>
for this reason.
<p>To scan for unconnected pins select <em>unused pins</em> from the same
menu.
<div class="node">
<a name="Arrow-Tool"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.11 Arrow Tool</h3>
<p><a name="index-selecting_002c-using-the-arrow-tool-158"></a><a name="index-moving-objects-159"></a><a name="index-arrow-tool-160"></a><a name="index-tool_002c-arrow-161"></a>
Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to operate on all
selected and visible objects. The Arrow tool is used to select/deselect
objects and also to move objects or selections. If you click and release
on an object with the Arrow tool, it will unselect everything else and
select the object. Selected objects change color to reflect that
they are selected. If you <em>Shift</em> click, it will add the object to
(or remove) the object from the existing selection. If you drag with
the mouse button down with the Arrow tool, one of several things could
happen: if you first pressed the button on a selected object, you
will be moving the selection to where you release the button. If you
first pressed the button on an unselected object, you will be moving
that object. If you first pressed the button over empty space, you
will be drawing a box to select everything inside the box. The <em>Shift</em>
key works the same way with box selections as it does with single objects.
<p>Moving a single un-selected object is different from moving a selection.
First of all, you can move the end of line, or a point in a polygon this
way which is impossible by moving selections. Secondly, if rubber banding
is turned on, moving a single object will rubber-band the attached lines.
Finally, it is faster to move a single object this way since there is no need
to select it first.
<p>You can select any visible object unless it is locked. If you select an
object, then turn off its visibility with the Layer controls, it won't
be moved if you move the remaining visible selection.
<p>If you have not configured to use strokes in the <code>Pcb</code> user interface, then
the middle mouse button is automatically bound to the arrow tool, regardless
of the active tool (which is bound to the first mouse button). So using
the middle button any time is just like using the first mouse button
with the Arrow tool active.
<p>The entries of the <em>Selection</em> menu are hopefully self-explanatory.
Many of the <em>Action Commands</em> can take various key words that make
them function on all or some of the selected items.
<div class="node">
<a name="Rats-Nest"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.12 Rats Nest</h3>
<p><a name="index-rats-nest-162"></a><a name="index-netlist-163"></a><a name="index-rat_002dline-164"></a>
If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working on, you
can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout.
First you will need to load a netlist file (see <em>:rn</em>,
<a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>).
<em><Key>w</em> adds rat-lines on the active layer using the current
line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want them to be thin lines).
Only those rat-lines that fill in missing connectivity (since you have
probably routed some connections already) are added.
If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be added, and you will
get a message that the wiring is complete.
<p>Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only connect to pins and
pads at their end points. Rat-lines may be drawn differently to other lines
to make them easier to identify since they have special behavior and cannot
remain in a completed layout.
Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern
(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit.
Used in connection with moves and rotates of the elements, they are extremely useful for
deciding where to place elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically
rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. The only way for
you to move them is by moving the parts they connect to.
This is because it is never desirable to have the rat-lines disconnected from
their element pins. Rat-lines will normally criss-cross
all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" describing a layout connected with
them. If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued
about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated.
<p>A common way to use rats nests is to place some
elements on the board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the
elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may want to iterate this step
several times. Don't worry if the layout looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether
the criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine.
After moving some elements around, you may want to optimize the rats nest <em><Key>o</em>
so that the lines are drawn between the closest points (this can change once you've moved components).
Adding rat-lines only to selected pads/pins (<em>Shift<Key>w</em>)
is often useful to layout a circuit a little bit at a time.
Sometimes you'll want to delete all the rat-lines (<em><Key>e</em>) or
selected rat-lines (<em>Shift<Key>e</em>) in order to reduce confusion.
With a little practice you'll be able to achieve a near optimal component placement with
the use of a rats nest.
<p>Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, they can also help
you to route traces on the board.
Use the <em><Key>m</em> to convert a rat-line under the cursor into
a normal line on the active layer.
Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new lines to be normal lines
on the board.
Another way that you can use rat-lines is to
use the <em><Key>f</em> with the cursor over a pad or pin. All of the pins and
pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be highlighted. This is a helpful way to
distinguish one net from the rest of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks,
turn off the highlighting (<em>Shift<Key>f</em>) and repeat the process. This will work even
if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only the pins and pads
are highlighted.
Be sure to erase the rat-lines (<em><Key>e</em> erases them all) once you've
duplicated their connectivity by adding your own lines.
When in doubt, the <em><Key>o</em> will delete only those
rat-lines that are no longer needed.
<p>If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist when
<em><Key>w</em> is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected pins and
pads are drawn in a special <em>warnColor</em> until the next <em>Notify()</em> event.
If the entire layout agrees completely with the netlist, a message informs you that
the layout is complete and no rat-lines will be added (since none are needed).
If the layout is complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned
that rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because some
elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported in an earlier
message.
There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a completed layout, only normal lines.
<p>The <em>Shift<Key>w</em> is used to add rat-lines to only those missing connections among
the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add rat-lines in an incremental
manner, or to force a rat-line to route between two points that are not the
closest points within the net. Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying
out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to accomplish since
new rat-lines are never added where routed connectivity already makes the necessary
connections.
<div class="node">
<a name="Design-Rule-Checking"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.13 Design Rule Checking</h3>
<p><a name="index-design-rule-checking-165"></a><a name="index-drc-166"></a><a name="index-spacing_002c-minimum-167"></a><a name="index-overlap_002c-minimum-168"></a>
After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check
to be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely
spaced or too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design
rule checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" (without
the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no problem areas,
you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is encountered, you will get
a message about it and the affected traces will be highlighted. One part of the
tracks of concern will be selected, while the other parts of concern will have the
"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be centered in the
middle of the object having the "FindConnection" (Green) highlighting. The middle of
the object is also the coordinates reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble
region will be somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are
from different nets then there is some place where they approach each
other closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then
there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place and connect
them better.
<p>After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again because
the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is found. Unless you've
been extremely careless there should be no more than a few design rule errors
in your layout. The DRC checker does not check for minimum spacing rules to
copper text, so always be very careful when adding copper text to a layout.
The rules for the DRC are specified in the application resource file. The minimum
spacing value (in mils) is given by the <em>Settings.Bloat</em> value. The default
is 7 mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the
<em>Settings.Shrink</em> value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your
fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for you.
<p>If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, perform an
undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore the highlighting,
use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting quickly without re-running
the DRC checker.
<div class="node">
<a name="Trace-Optimizer"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.14 Trace Optimizer</h3>
<p><a name="index-trace-optimizer-169"></a><a name="index-optimizer-170"></a>
PCB includes a flexible trace optimizer. The trace optimizer can be run
after auto routing or hand routing to clean up the traces.
<dl>
<dt><b>Auto-Optimize</b><dd>Performs debumpify, unjaggy, orthopull, vianudge, and viatrim, in that
order, repeating until no further optimizations are performed.
<br><dt><b>Debumpify</b><dd>Looks for U shaped traces that can be shortened or eliminated.
<br><dt><b>Unjaggy</b><dd>Looks for corners which could be flipped to eliminate one or more
corners (i.e. jaggy lines become simpler).
<br><dt><b>Vianudge</b><dd>Looks for vias where all traces leave in the same direction. Tries to
move via in that direction to eliminate one of the traces (and thus a
corner).
<br><dt><b>Viatrim</b><dd>Looks for traces that go from via to via, where moving that trace to a
different layer eliminates one or both vias.
<br><dt><b>Orthopull</b><dd>Looks for chains of traces all going in one direction, with more traces
orthogonal on one side than on the other. Moves the chain in that
direction, causing a net reduction in trace length, possibly eliminating
traces and/or corners.
<br><dt><b>SimpleOpts</b><dd>Removing unneeded vias, replacing two or more trace segments in a row
with a single segment. This is usually performed automatically after
other optimizations.
<br><dt><b>Miter</b><dd>Replaces 90 degree corners with a pair of 45 degree corners, to reduce
RF losses and trace length.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Searching-for-elements"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.15 Searching for elements</h3>
<p><a name="index-Searching-for-elements-171"></a><a name="index-Searching-for-elements-172"></a>
To locate text or a specific element or grouping of similar elements
choose ‘<samp><span class="samp">Select by name</span></samp>’ from the <b>Select</b> menu, then choose the
appropriate subsection. At the bottom of the screen the prompt
<em>pattern:</em> appears. Enter the text or <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>
of the text to be found. Found text will be highlighted.
<div class="node">
<a name="Measuring-distances"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.16 Measuring distances</h3>
<p><a name="index-Measuring-distances-173"></a><a name="index-Measuring-distances-174"></a>
To measure distances, for example the pin-to-pin pitch of a part to
validate a footprint, place the cursor at the starting
measurement point, then press <em>!Ctrl<Key>m</em>. This marks the
current location with a <em>X</em>. The <em>X</em> mark is now the zero point
origin for the relative cursor position display. The cursor display
shows both absolute position and position relative to the mark as
the mouse is moved away from the mark. If a mark is already present,
the mark is removed and the cursor display stops displaying relative
cursor coordinates.
<div class="node">
<a name="Vendor-drill-mapping"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.17 Vendor Drill Mapping</h3>
<p><a name="index-Vendor-rules-175"></a><a name="index-Vendor-mapping-176"></a><a name="index-Drill-table-177"></a><a name="index-Vendor-drill-table-178"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> includes support for mapping drill holes to a specified set
of sizes used by a particular vendor. Many PCB manufacturers have a
prefered set of drill sizes and charge extra when others are used.
The mapping can be performed on an existing design and can also be
enabled to automatically map drill holes as vias and elements are
instantiated.
<p>The first step in using the vendor drill mapping feature is to create
a resource file describing the capabilities of your vendor. The file
format is the resource file format described in <a href="#Resource-Syntax">Resource Syntax</a>.
A complete example is given below.
<pre class="example"> # Optional name of the vendor
vendor = "Vendor Name"
# units for dimensions in this file.
# Allowed values: mil/inch/mm
units = mil
# drill table
drillmap = {
# When mapping drill sizes, select the nearest size
# or always round up. Allowed values: up/nearest
round = up
# The list of vendor drill sizes. Units are as specified
# above.
20
28
35
38
42
52
59.5
86
125
152
# optional section for skipping mapping of certain elements
# based on reference designator, value, or description
# this is useful for critical parts where you may not
# want to change the drill size. Note that the strings
# are regular expressions.
skips = {
{refdes "^J3$"} # Skip J3.
{refdes "J3"} # Skip anything with J3 as part of the refdes.
{refdes "^U[1-3]$" "^X.*"} # Skip U1, U2, U3, and anything starting with X.
{value "^JOHNSTECH_.*"} # Skip all Johnstech footprints based on the value of a part.
{descr "^AMP_MICTOR_767054_1$"} # Skip based on the description.
}
}
# If specified, this section will change the current DRC
# settings for the design. Units are as specified above.
drc = {
copper_space = 7
copper_width = 7
silk_width = 10
copper_overlap = 4
}
</pre>
<p>The vendor resource is loaded using the <em>LoadVendor</em> action.
This is invoked by entering:
<pre class="example"> :LoadVendor(vendorfile)
</pre>
<p>from within <code>Pcb</code>. Substitute the file name of your vendor
resource file for ‘<samp><span class="samp">vendorfile</span></samp>’. This action will load the vendor
resource and modify all the drill holes in the design as well as the
default via hole size for the various routing styles.
<p>Once a vendor drill map has been loaded, new vias and elements will
automatically have their drill hole sizes mapped to the vendor drill
table. Automatic drill mapping may be disabled under the “Settings”
menu. To re-apply an already loaded vendor drill table to a design,
choose “Apply vendor drill mapping” from the “Connects” menu.
<p>See <a href="#Actions">Actions</a> for a complete description of the actions associated
with vendor drill mapping.
<p>Note that the expressions used in the <code>skips</code> section are regular
expressions. See <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a> for an introduction to
regular expressions.
<!-- Autorouter Chapter - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Autorouter"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Autorouter</h2>
<p><a name="index-autorouter-179"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> includes an autorouter which can greatly speed up the
layout of a circuit board. The autorouter is a rectangle-expansion
type of autorouter based on
“A Method for Gridless Routing of Printed Circuit Boards” by
A. C. Finch, K. J. Mackenzie, G. J. Balsdon, and G. Symonds in the
1985 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.
This reference is available from the ACM Digital Library at
<a href="http://www.acm.org/dl">http://www.acm.org/dl</a> for those with institutional or personal
access to it. It's also available from your local engineering
library. The reference paper is not needed for using the autorouter.
<p>Before using the autorouter, all elements need to be loaded into the
layout and placed and the connectivity netlist must be loaded. Once
the elements have been placed and the netlist loaded, the following
steps will autoroute your design.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Turn off visibility of any layers that you don't want the router
to use.
<li>Turn off via visibility if you don't want the router to use any
new vias.
<li>Use only plain rectangles for power/ground planes that you want
the router to use [use the rectangle tool!]
<li>Make at least one connection from any plane you want the router to
use to the net you want it to connect to.
<li>Draw continuous lines (on all routing layers) to outline keep-out
zones if desired.
<li>Use routing styles in the netlist to have per-net routing styles.
Note that the routing style will be used for an entire net. This means
if you have a wide metal setting for a power net you will need to manually
route breakouts from any fine pitch parts on their power pins because
the router will not be able to change to a narrow trace to connect
to the part.
<li>Set the current routing style to whatever you'd like the router to
use for any nets not having a defined route style in the netlist.
<li>Disable any nets that you don't want the autorouter to route
(double-click them in the netlist window to add/remove the *).
<p>NOTE: If you will be manually routing these later not using
planes, it is usually better to let the autorouter route them then rip
them up yourself afterwards. If you plan to use a ground/power plane
manually, consider making it from one or more pure rectangles and
letting the autorouter have a go at it.
<li>Create a fresh rat's nest. (<em>E</em> then <em>W</em>)
<li>Select “show autorouter trials” in the settings menu if you want
to watch what's happening.
<li>Choose “autoroute all rats” in the connection menu.
<li>If you really want to muck with the router because you have a
special design, e.g. all through-hole components you can mess with
layer directional costs by editing the autoroute.c source file and
changing the directional costs in lines 929-940. and try again. Even
more mucking about with costs is possible in lines 4540-4569, but it's
probably not such a good idea unless you really just want to
experiment.
</ol>
<p>After the design has been autorouted, you may want to run the trace
optimizer. See section <a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a> for more information on
the trace optimizer.
<!-- User Commands chapter - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="User-Commands"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">5 User Commands</h2>
<p><a name="index-user-commands-180"></a><a name="index-entering-user-commands-181"></a>The entering of user-commands is initiated by selecting <em>Command entry</em>
in the menu or typing a <code>(":")</code>. This runs the action routine
<em>Command()</em>, which replaces the bottom statusline with an input area or
opens a separate command window. Error and diagnostic messages go to the
Message Log, so it's a good idea to have this window open as well. Command
entry is finished by either <em><Key>Return</em> or <em><Key>Escape</em> to confirm
or to abort.
<p>Commands can be entered in one of two styles, command entry syntax:
<pre class="example"> Command arg1 arg2
</pre>
<p>or action script syntax:
<pre class="example"> Action1(arg1, arg2); Action2(arg1, arg2);
</pre>
<p>To find out about how a command works, use the argument <em>usage</em>:
<pre class="example"> SaveTo usage
</pre>
<p>There is a command for usage of the complete set of commands.
<p>Quoting arguments works similar to bash quoting:
<ul>
<li>A backslash (\) is the escape character. It preserves the literal
value of the next character that follows. To get a literal '\' use
"\\".
<li>Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
between single quotes, even when preceded by a blackslash.
<li>Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
all characters within the quotes, with the exception of '\' which
maintains its special meaning as an escape character.
</ul>
<p>Action commands allow you to initiate actions which are not bound to any menu
item. They can be used to initiate any action with whatever arguments you
enter. For example, to change the drilling hole diameter of all vias in the
layout to 32 mils, you could select everything using the selection menu, then
type:
<pre class="example"> :ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32mil)
</pre>
<p>Another example might be to set the grid to 2.5 mil by typing:
<pre class="example"> :SetValue(Grid, 2.5mil)
</pre>
<p>Note that some actions use the current cursor location, so be sure to place
the cursor where you want before entering the command. For more actions, see
the <a href="#Actions">Actions</a> section.
<!-- chapter 4 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Command-Line-Options"></a>
<a name="Command_002dLine-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">6 Command-Line Options</h2>
<p><a name="index-starting-_0040pcb_007b_007d-182"></a><a name="index-command_002dline-options-183"></a>
The synopsis of the pcb command is:
<p><code>pcb [OPTION ...] [LAYOUT-FILE.pcb]</code> to start the application in GUI mode,
<p class="noindent">or
<p><code>pcb [-h | -V | --copyright]</code> for a list of options, version, and copyright,
<p class="noindent">or
<p><code>pcb -p [OPTION ...] [LAYOUT-FILE.pcb]</code> to print a layout,
<p class="noindent">or
<p><code>pcb -x HID [OPTION ...] [LAYOUT-FILE.pcb]</code> to export.
<p class="noindent">Possible values for the parameter ‘<samp><span class="samp">HID</span></samp>’ are:
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">bom</span></samp>’<dd> Export a bill of materials
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">gcode</span></samp>’<dd> Export to G-Code
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">gerber</span></samp>’<dd> Export RS-274X (Gerber)
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">nelma</span></samp>’<dd> Numerical analysis package export
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">png</span></samp>’<dd> export GIF/JPEG/PNG
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’<dd> export postscript
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">eps</span></samp>’<dd> export encapsulated postscript
</dl>
<p class="noindent">There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to the
standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to
<a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
<!-- key options -->
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#General-Options">General Options</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">GTK+ GUI Options</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">lesstif GUI Options</a>
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Colors">Colors</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Paths">Paths</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Sizes">Sizes</a>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Commands">Commands</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a>
<li><a href="#BOM-Creation">BOM Creation</a>
<li><a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a>
<li><a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a>
<li><a href="#IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export">IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</a>
<li><a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a>
<li><a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a>
<li><a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a>
<li><a href="#lpr-Printing-Options">lpr Printing Options</a>
<li><a href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a>
</ul>
<!-- options General Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="General-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.1 General Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 442 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--help</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-184"></a><dd>Show help on command line options.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 447 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--version</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-185"></a><dd>Show version.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 451 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--verbose</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-186"></a><dd>Be verbose on stdout.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 456 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--copyright</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcopyright-187"></a><dd>Show copyright.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 461 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--show-defaults</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002ddefaults-188"></a><dd>Show option defaults.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 466 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--show-actions</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dactions-189"></a><dd>Show available actions and exit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 471 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--dump-actions</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddump_002dactions-190"></a><dd>Dump actions (for documentation).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 476 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--grid-units-mm <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dunits_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-191"></a><dd>Set default grid units. Can be mm or mil. Defaults to mil.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 481 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--clear-increment-mm <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dclear_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-192"></a><dd>Set default clear increment (amount to change when user presses k or K)
when user is using a metric grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 486 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--grid-increment-mm <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-193"></a><dd>Set default grid increment (amount to change when user presses g or G)
when user is using a metric grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 491 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--line-increment-mm <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dline_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-194"></a><dd>Set default line increment (amount to change when user presses l or L)
when user is using a metric grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 496 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--size-increment-mm <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsize_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-195"></a><dd>Set default size increment (amount to change when user presses s or S)
when user is using a metric grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 501 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--clear-increment-mil <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dclear_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-196"></a><dd>Set default clear increment (amount to change when user presses k or K)
when user is using an imperial grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 506 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--grid-increment-mil <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-197"></a><dd>Set default grid increment (amount to change when user presses g or G)
when user is using a imperial grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 511 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--line-increment-mil <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dline_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-198"></a><dd>Set default line increment (amount to change when user presses l or L)
when user is using a imperial grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 516 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--size-increment-mil <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsize_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-199"></a><dd>Set default size increment (amount to change when user presses s or S)
when user is using a imperial grid unit.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 739 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--backup-interval</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbackup_002dinterval-200"></a><dd>Time between automatic backups in seconds. Set to <code>0</code> to disable.
The default value is <code>60</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 776 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--groups <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgroups-_003cstring_003e-201"></a><dd>Layer group string. Defaults to <code>"1,c:2:3:4:5:6,s:7:8"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 841 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--route-styles <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002droute_002dstyles-_003cstring_003e-202"></a><dd>A string that defines the route styles. Defaults to <br>
<code>"Signal,1000,3600,2000,1000:Power,2500,6000,3500,1000
:Fat,4000,6000,3500,1000:Skinny,600,2402,1181,600"</code>
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 860 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--element-path <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-203"></a><dd>A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
The path is passed to the program specified in <samp><span class="option">--element-command</span></samp>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 870 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--action-script <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002daction_002dscript-_003cstring_003e-204"></a><dd>If set, this file is executed at startup.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 875 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--action-string <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002daction_002dstring-_003cstring_003e-205"></a><dd>If set, this string of actions is executed at startup.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 880 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--fab-author <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfab_002dauthor-_003cstring_003e-206"></a><dd>Name of author to be put in the Gerber files.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 885 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-stack <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dstack-_003cstring_003e-207"></a><dd>Initial layer stackup, for setting up an export. A comma separated list of layer
names, layer numbers and layer groups.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 936 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--save-last-command</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002dlast_002dcommand-208"></a><dd>If set, the last user command is saved.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 940 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--save-in-tmp</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002din_002dtmp-209"></a><dd>If set, all data which would otherwise be lost are saved in a temporary file
<samp><span class="file">/tmp/PCB.%i.save</span></samp> . Sequence ‘<samp><span class="samp">%i</span></samp>’ is replaced by the process ID.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 945 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--save-metric-only</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002dmetric_002donly-210"></a><dd>If set, save pcb files using only mm unit suffix rather than 'smart' mil/mm.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 959 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--reset-after-element</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dreset_002dafter_002delement-211"></a><dd>If set, all found connections are reset before a new component is scanned.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 964 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--ring-bell-finished</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dring_002dbell_002dfinished-212"></a><dd>Execute the bell command when all rats are routed.
</dl>
<!-- options General GUI Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="General-GUI-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">GTK+ GUI Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#General-Options">General Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.2 General GUI Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 895 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pinout-offset-x <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002doffset_002dx-_003cnum_003e-213"></a><dd>Horizontal offset of the pin number display. Defaults to <code>100mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 900 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pinout-offset-y <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002doffset_002dy-_003cnum_003e-214"></a><dd>Vertical offset of the pin number display. Defaults to <code>100mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 905 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pinout-text-offset-x <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002dtext_002doffset_002dx-_003cnum_003e-215"></a><dd>Horizontal offset of the pin name display. Defaults to <code>800mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 910 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pinout-text-offset-y <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002dtext_002doffset_002dy-_003cnum_003e-216"></a><dd>Vertical offset of the pin name display. Defaults to <code>-100mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 915 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--draw-grid</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddraw_002dgrid-217"></a><dd>If set, draw the grid at start-up.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 919 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--clear-line</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dclear_002dline-218"></a><dd>If set, new lines clear polygons.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 923 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--full-poly</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfull_002dpoly-219"></a><dd>If set, new polygons are full ones.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 927 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--unique-names</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dunique_002dnames-220"></a><dd>If set, you will not be permitted to change the name of an component to match that
of another component.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 931 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--snap-pin</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsnap_002dpin-221"></a><dd>If set, pin centers and pad end points are treated as additional grid points
that the cursor can snap to.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 950 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--all-direction-lines</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dall_002ddirection_002dlines-222"></a><dd>Allow all directions, when drawing new lines.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 955 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--show-number</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dnumber-223"></a><dd>Pinout shows number.
</dl>
<!-- options GTK+ GUI Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="GTK+-GUI-Options"></a>
<a name="GTK_002b-GUI-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">lesstif GUI Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.3 GTK+ GUI Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 1747 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--listen</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlisten-224"></a><dd>Listen for actions on stdin.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 1753 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--bg-image <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbg_002dimage-_003cstring_003e-225"></a><dd>File name of an image to put into the background of the GUI canvas. The image must
be a color PPM image, in binary (not ASCII) format. It can be any size, and will be
automatically scaled to fit the canvas.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 1759 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pcb-menu <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpcb_002dmenu-_003cstring_003e-226"></a><dd>Location of the <samp><span class="file">gpcb-menu.res</span></samp> file which defines the menu for the GTK+ GUI.
</dl>
<!-- options lesstif GUI Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-GUI-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Colors">Colors</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">GTK+ GUI Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.4 lesstif GUI Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 238 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--listen</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlisten-227"></a><dd>Listen for actions on stdin.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 244 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--bg-image <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbg_002dimage-_003cstring_003e-228"></a><dd>File name of an image to put into the background of the GUI canvas. The image must
be a color PPM image, in binary (not ASCII) format. It can be any size, and will be
automatically scaled to fit the canvas.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 250 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pcb-menu <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpcb_002dmenu-_003cstring_003e-229"></a><dd>Location of the <samp><span class="file">pcb-menu.res</span></samp> file which defines the menu for the lesstif GUI.
</dl>
<!-- options Colors -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Colors"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">lesstif GUI Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.5 Colors</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 521 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--black-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dblack_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-230"></a><dd>Color value for black. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#000000</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 525 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--black-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dblack_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-231"></a><dd>Color value for white. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#ffffff</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 529 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--background-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbackground_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-232"></a><dd>Background color of the canvas. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#e5e5e5</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 534 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--crosshair-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcrosshair_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-233"></a><dd>Color of the crosshair. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#ff0000</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 539 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--cross-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcross_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-234"></a><dd>Color of the cross. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#cdcd00</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 543 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--via-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-235"></a><dd>Color of vias. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#7f7f7f</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 547 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--via-selected-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-236"></a><dd>Color of selected vias. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#00ffff</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 552 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pin-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpin_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-237"></a><dd>Color of pins. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#4d4d4d</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 556 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pin-selected-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpin_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-238"></a><dd>Color of selected pins. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#00ffff</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 561 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--pin-name-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpin_002dname_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-239"></a><dd>Color of pin names and pin numbers. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#ff0000</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 566 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--element-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-240"></a><dd>Color of components. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#000000</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 570 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--rat-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-241"></a><dd>Color of ratlines. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#b8860b</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 574 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--invisible-objects-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinvisible_002dobjects_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-242"></a><dd>Color of invisible objects. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#cccccc</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 579 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--invisible-mark-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinvisible_002dmark_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-243"></a><dd>Color of invisible marks. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#cccccc</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 584 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--element-selected-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-244"></a><dd>Color of selected components. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#00ffff</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 589 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--rat-selected-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-245"></a><dd>Color of selected rats. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#00ffff</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 594 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--connected-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dconnected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-246"></a><dd>Color to indicate physical connections. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#00ff00</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 599 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--found-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfound_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-247"></a><dd>Color to indicate logical connections. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#ff00ff</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 604 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--off-limit-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doff_002dlimit_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-248"></a><dd>Color of off-canvas area. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#cccccc</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 609 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--grid-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-249"></a><dd>Color of the grid. Default: ‘<samp><span class="samp">#ff0000</span></samp>’
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 613 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-color-<n> <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dcolor_002d_003cn_003e-_003cstring_003e-250"></a><dd>Color of layer <code><n></code>, where <code><n></code> is an integer from 1 to 16.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 631 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-selected-color-<n> <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dselected_002dcolor_002d_003cn_003e-_003cstring_003e-251"></a><dd>Color of layer <code><n></code>, when selected. <code><n></code> is an integer from 1 to 16.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 650 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--warn-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwarn_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-252"></a><dd>Color of offending objects during DRC. Default value is <code>"#ff8000"</code>
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 654 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--mask-color <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmask_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-253"></a><dd>Color of the mask layer. Default value is <code>"#ff0000"</code>
</dl>
<!-- options Layer Names -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Layer-Names"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paths">Paths</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Colors">Colors</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.6 Layer Names</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 744 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-1 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d1-_003cstring_003e-254"></a><dd>Name of the 1st Layer. Default is <code>"top"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 748 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-2 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d2-_003cstring_003e-255"></a><dd>Name of the 2nd Layer. Default is <code>"ground"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 752 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-3 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d3-_003cstring_003e-256"></a><dd>Name of the 3nd Layer. Default is <code>"signal2"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 756 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-4 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d4-_003cstring_003e-257"></a><dd>Name of the 4rd Layer. Default is <code>"signal3"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 760 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-5 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d5-_003cstring_003e-258"></a><dd>Name of the 5rd Layer. Default is <code>"power"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 764 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-6 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d6-_003cstring_003e-259"></a><dd>Name of the 6rd Layer. Default is <code>"bottom"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 768 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-7 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d7-_003cstring_003e-260"></a><dd>Name of the 7rd Layer. Default is <code>"outline"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 772 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--layer-name-8 <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d8-_003cstring_003e-261"></a><dd>Name of the 8rd Layer. Default is <code>"spare"</code>.
</dl>
<!-- options Paths -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Paths"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sizes">Sizes</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.7 Paths</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 822 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lib-newlib <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dnewlib-_003cstring_003e-262"></a><dd>Top level directory for the newlib style library.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 831 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lib-name <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dname-_003cstring_003e-263"></a><dd>The default filename for the library.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 836 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--default-font <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddefault_002dfont-_003cstring_003e-264"></a><dd>The name of the default font.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 847 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--file-path <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfile_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-265"></a><dd>A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|'). The path
is passed to the program specified in <samp><span class="option">--file-command</span></samp> together with the selected
filename.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 855 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--font-path <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfont_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-266"></a><dd>A colon separated list of directories to search the default font. Defaults to
the default library path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 865 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lib-path <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-267"></a><dd>A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the commands specified
by <samp><span class="option">--element-command</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">--element-contents-command</span></samp>.
</dl>
<!-- options Sizes -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Sizes"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Commands">Commands</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Paths">Paths</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.8 Sizes</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 659 -->
<p>All parameters should be given with an unit. If no unit is given, 1/100 mil
(cmil) will be used. Write units without space to the
number like <code>3mm</code>, not <code>3 mm</code>.
Valid Units are:
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">km</span></samp>’<dd> Kilometer
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’<dd> Meter
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cm</span></samp>’<dd> Centimeter
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mm</span></samp>’<dd> Millimeter
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">um</span></samp>’<dd> Micrometer
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">nm</span></samp>’<dd> Nanometer
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">in</span></samp>’<dd> Inch (1in = 0.0254m)
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mil</span></samp>’<dd> Mil (1000mil = 1in)
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cmil</span></samp>’<dd> Centimil (1/100 mil)
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>--via-thickness <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002dthickness-_003cnum_003e-268"></a><dd>Default diameter of vias. Default value is <code>60mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 664 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--via-drilling-hole <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002ddrilling_002dhole-_003cnum_003e-269"></a><dd>Default diameter of holes. Default value is <code>28mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 669 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--line-thickness <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dline_002dthickness-_003cnum_003e-270"></a><dd>Default thickness of new lines. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 674 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--rat-thickness <num><unit></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dthickness-_003cnum_003e_003cunit_003e-271"></a><dd>Thickness of rats. If no unit is given, PCB units are assumed (i.e. 100
means "1 nm"). This option allows for a special unit <code>px</code> which
sets the rat thickness to a fixed value in terms of screen pixels.
Maximum fixed thickness is 100px. Minimum saling rat thickness is 101nm.
Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 678 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--keepaway <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dkeepaway-_003cnum_003e-272"></a><dd>Default minimum distance between a track and adjacent copper.
Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 682 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--default-PCB-width <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddefault_002dPCB_002dwidth-_003cnum_003e-273"></a><dd>Default width of the canvas. Default value is <code>6000mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 687 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--default-PCB-height <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddefault_002dPCB_002dheight-_003cnum_003e-274"></a><dd>Default height of the canvas. Default value is <code>5000mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 692 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--text-scale <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dtext_002dscale-_003cnum_003e-275"></a><dd>Default text scale. This value is in percent. Default value is <code>100</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 696 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--alignment-distance <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dalignment_002ddistance-_003cnum_003e-276"></a><dd>Specifies the distance between the board outline and alignment targets.
Default value is <code>2mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 730 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--grid <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgrid-_003cnum_003e-277"></a><dd>Initial grid size. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 734 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--minimum polygon area <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dminimum-polygon-area-_003cnum_003e-278"></a><dd>Minimum polygon area.
</dl>
<!-- options Commands -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Commands"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sizes">Sizes</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.9 Commands</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 781 -->
<p>pcb uses external commands for input output operations. These commands can be
configured at start-up to meet local requirements. The command string may include
special sequences <code>%f</code>, <code>%p</code> or <code>%a</code>. These are replaced when the
command is called. The sequence <code>%f</code> is replaced by the file name,
<code>%p</code> gets the path and <code>%a</code> indicates a package name.
<!-- ./../src/main.c 784 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--font-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfont_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-279"></a><dd>Command to load a font.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 788 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--file-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfile_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-280"></a><dd>Command to read a file.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 792 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--element-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-281"></a><dd>Command to read a footprint. <br>
Defaults to <code>"M4PATH='%p';export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4"</code>
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 798 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--print-file <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dprint_002dfile-_003cstring_003e-282"></a><dd>Command to print to a file.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 802 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lib-command-dir <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dcommand_002ddir-_003cstring_003e-283"></a><dd>Path to the command that queries the library.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 807 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lib-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-284"></a><dd>Command to query the library. <br>
Defaults to <code>"QueryLibrary.sh '%p' '%f' %a"</code>
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 812 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lib-contents-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dcontents_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-285"></a><dd>Command to query the contents of the library. <br>
Defaults to <code>"ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f"</code> or,
on Windows builds, an empty string (to disable this feature).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 827 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--save-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-286"></a><dd>Command to save to a file.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 851 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--rat-command <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-287"></a><dd>Command for reading a netlist. Sequence <code>%f</code> is replaced by the netlist filename.
</dl>
<!-- options DRC Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="DRC-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#BOM-Creation">BOM Creation</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Commands">Commands</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.10 DRC Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 701 -->
<p>All parameters should be given with an unit. If no unit is given, 1/100 mil
(cmil) will be used for backward compability. Valid units are given in section
<a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a>.
<!-- ./../src/main.c 705 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--bloat <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbloat-_003cnum_003e-288"></a><dd>Minimum spacing. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 709 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--shrink <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshrink-_003cnum_003e-289"></a><dd>Minimum touching overlap. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 713 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--min-width <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002dwidth-_003cnum_003e-290"></a><dd>Minimum width of copper. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 717 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--min-silk <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002dsilk-_003cnum_003e-291"></a><dd>Minimum width of lines in silk. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 721 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--min-drill <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002ddrill-_003cnum_003e-292"></a><dd>Minimum diameter of holes. Default value is <code>15mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/main.c 725 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--min-ring <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002dring-_003cnum_003e-293"></a><dd>Minimum width of annular ring. Default value is <code>10mil</code>.
</dl>
<!-- options BOM Creation -->
<div class="node">
<a name="BOM-Creation"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.11 BOM Creation</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/bom/bom.c 26 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--bomfile <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbomfile-_003cstring_003e-294"></a><dd>Name of the BOM output file.
Parameter <code><string></code> can include a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/bom/bom.c 31 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--xyfile <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dxyfile-_003cstring_003e-295"></a><dd>Name of the XY output file.
Parameter <code><string></code> can include a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/bom/bom.c 37 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--xy-unit <unit></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dxy_002dunit-_003cunit_003e-296"></a><dd>Unit of XY dimensions. Defaults to mil.
Parameter <code><unit></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">km</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cm</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mm</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">um</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">nm</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">px</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">in</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mil</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">dmil</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">cmil</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">inch</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- options G-code Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="G-code-Options"></a>
<a name="G_002dcode-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#BOM-Creation">BOM Creation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.12 G-code Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 173 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--basename <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dbasename-_003cstring_003e-297"></a><dd>File name prefix and suffix, layer names will be inserted before the
suffix.
Parameter <code><string></code> can include a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 180 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--measurement-unit <unit></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmeasurement_002dunit-_003cunit_003e-298"></a><dd>Measurement unit used in the G-code output.
Defaults to mil.
Parameter <code><unit></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">km</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cm</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mm</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">um</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">nm</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">px</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">in</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mil</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">dmil</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">cmil</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">inch</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 186 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--dpi <int></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddpi-_003cint_003e-299"></a><dd>Accuracy of the mill path generation in pixels/inch.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 192 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--safe-Z <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsafe_002dZ-_003creal_003e-300"></a><dd>Safe Z for traverse movements of all operations.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 198 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--iso-mill-depth <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dmill_002ddepth-_003creal_003e-301"></a><dd>Isolation milling depth.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 204 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--iso-tool-diameter <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dtool_002ddiameter-_003creal_003e-302"></a><dd>Isolation milling tool diameter.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 210 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--iso-tool-plunge <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dtool_002dplunge-_003creal_003e-303"></a><dd>Isolation milling feedrate when plunging into the material.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 217 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--iso-tool-feedrate <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dtool_002dfeedrate-_003creal_003e-304"></a><dd>Isolation milling feedrate.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 223 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--predrill</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpredrill-305"></a><dd>Whether to pre-drill all drill spots with the isolation milling tool.
Drill depth is iso-mill-depth here.
This feature eases and enhances accuracy of manual drilling.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 231 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--drill-depth <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002ddepth-_003creal_003e-306"></a><dd>Drilling depth.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 237 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--drill-feedrate <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dfeedrate-_003creal_003e-307"></a><dd>Drilling feedrate.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 243 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--drill-mill</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dmill-308"></a><dd>Whether to produce drill holes equal or bigger than the milling tool
diameter with the milling tool.
With the milling tool bigger holes can be accurately sized without
changing the tool.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 252 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--outline-mill-depth <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dmill_002ddepth-_003creal_003e-309"></a><dd>Milling depth when milling the outline.
Currently, only the rectangular extents of the board are milled, no
polygonal outlines or holes.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 260 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--outline-tool-diameter <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dtool_002ddiameter-_003creal_003e-310"></a><dd>Diameter of the tool used for outline milling.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 266 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--outline-mill-plunge <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dmill_002dplunge-_003creal_003e-311"></a><dd>Outline milling feedrate when plunging into the material.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 273 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--outline-mill-feedrate <real></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dmill_002dfeedrate-_003creal_003e-312"></a><dd>Outline milling feedrate.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gcode/gcode.c 279 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--advanced-gcode</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dadvanced_002dgcode-313"></a><dd>Whether to produce G-code for advanced interpreters, like using variables
or drill cycles.
Not all machine controllers understand this, but it allows better
hand-editing of the resulting files.
</dl>
<!-- options Gerber Export -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Gerber-Export"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export">IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.13 Gerber Export</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gerber/gerber.c 350 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--gerberfile <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dgerberfile-_003cstring_003e-314"></a><dd>Gerber output file prefix. Parameter <code><string></code> can include a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gerber/gerber.c 356 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--all-layers</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dall_002dlayers-315"></a><dd>Output contains all layers, even empty ones.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gerber/gerber.c 362 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--verbose</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-316"></a><dd>Print file names and aperture counts on stdout.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gerber/gerber.c 368 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--metric</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmetric-317"></a><dd>Generate metric Gerber and drill files
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gerber/gerber.c 374 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--copy-outline <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcopy_002doutline-_003cstring_003e-318"></a><dd>Copy the outline onto other layers.
Parameter <code><string></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">none</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mask</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">silk</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">all</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/gerber/gerber.c 380 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--name-style <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dname_002dstyle-_003cstring_003e-319"></a><dd>Naming style for individual gerber files.
Parameter <code><string></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">fixed</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">single</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">first</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">eagle</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">hackvana</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- options IPC-D-356 Netlist Export -->
<div class="node">
<a name="IPC-D-356-Netlist-Export"></a>
<a name="IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.14 IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ipcd356/ipcd356.c 64 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--netlist-file <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dnetlist_002dfile-_003cstring_003e-320"></a><dd>Name of the IPC-D-356 Netlist output file.
Parameter <code><string></code> can include a path.
</dl>
<!-- options Postscript Export -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Postscript-Export"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export">IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.15 Postscript Export</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 146 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--psfile <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpsfile-_003cstring_003e-321"></a><dd>Name of the postscript output file. Can contain a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 152 -->
<a name="index-drill_002dhelper-322"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--drill-helper</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dhelper-323"></a><dd>Print a centering target in large drill holes.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 158 -->
<a name="index-align_002dmarks-324"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--align-marks</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dalign_002dmarks-325"></a><dd>Print alignment marks on each sheet. This is meant to ease alignment during exposure.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 164 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--outline</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutline-326"></a><dd>Print the contents of the outline layer on each sheet.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 169 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--mirror</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmirror-327"></a><dd>Print mirror image.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 175 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--fill-page</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfill_002dpage-328"></a><dd>Scale output to make the board fit the page.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 181 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--auto-mirror</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dauto_002dmirror-329"></a><dd>Print mirror image of appropriate layers.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 187 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--ps-color</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dps_002dcolor-330"></a><dd>Postscript output in color.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 193 -->
<a name="index-ps_002dbloat-331"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--ps-bloat <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dps_002dbloat-_003cnum_003e-332"></a><dd>Amount to add to trace/pad/pin edges.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 199 -->
<a name="index-ps_002dinvert-333"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--ps-invert</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dps_002dinvert-334"></a><dd>Draw objects as white-on-black.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 205 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--media <media-name></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmedia-_003cmedia_002dname_003e-335"></a><dd>Size of the media, the postscript is fitted to. The parameter
<code><media-name></code> can be any of the standard names for paper size: ‘<samp><span class="samp">A0</span></samp>’
to ‘<samp><span class="samp">A10</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">B0</span></samp>’ to ‘<samp><span class="samp">B10</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Letter</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">11x17</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">Ledger</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Legal</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Executive</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">A-Size</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">B-size</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">C-Size</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">D-size</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">E-size</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">US-Business_Card</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">Intl-Business_Card</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 211 -->
<a name="index-psfade-336"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--psfade <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpsfade-_003cnum_003e-337"></a><dd>Fade amount for assembly drawings (0.0=missing, 1.0=solid).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 218 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--scale <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dscale-_003cnum_003e-338"></a><dd>Scale value to compensate for printer sizing errors (1.0 = full scale).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 225 -->
<a name="index-multi_002dfile-339"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--multi-file</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmulti_002dfile-340"></a><dd>Produce multiple files, one per page, instead of a single multi page file.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 232 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--xcalib <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dxcalib-_003cnum_003e-341"></a><dd>Paper width. Used for x-Axis calibration.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 238 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--ycalib <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dycalib-_003cnum_003e-342"></a><dd>Paper height. Used for y-Axis calibration.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 244 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--drill-copper</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dcopper-343"></a><dd>Draw drill holes in pins / vias, instead of leaving solid copper.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/ps.c 251 -->
<a name="index-show_002dlegend-344"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--show-legend</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dlegend-345"></a><dd>Print file name and scale on printout.
</dl>
<!-- options Encapsulated Postscript Export -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Encapsulated-Postscript-Export"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.16 Encapsulated Postscript Export</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/eps.c 76 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--eps-file <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002deps_002dfile-_003cstring_003e-346"></a><dd>Name of the encapsulated postscript output file. Can contain a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/eps.c 82 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--eps-scale <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002deps_002dscale-_003cnum_003e-347"></a><dd>Scale EPS output by the parameter ‘<samp><span class="samp">num</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/eps.c 88 -->
<a name="index-screen_002dlayer_002dorder-_0028EPS_0029-348"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--screen-layer-order</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dscreen_002dlayer_002dorder-349"></a><dd>Export layers as shown on screen.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/eps.c 94 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--monochrome</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmonochrome-350"></a><dd>Convert output to monochrome.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/ps/eps.c 100 -->
<a name="index-only_002dvisible-351"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--only-visible</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002donly_002dvisible-352"></a><dd>Limit the bounds of the EPS file to the visible items.
</dl>
<!-- options PNG Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="PNG-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lpr-Printing-Options">lpr Printing Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.17 PNG Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 236 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--outfile <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutfile-_003cstring_003e-353"></a><dd>Name of the file to be exported to.
Parameter <code><string></code> can include a path.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 242 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--dpi</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddpi-354"></a><dd>Scale factor in pixels/inch. Set to 0 to scale to size specified in the layout.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 248 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--x-max</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dx_002dmax-355"></a><dd>Width of the png image in pixels. No constraint, when set to 0.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 254 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--y-max</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dy_002dmax-356"></a><dd>Height of the png output in pixels. No constraint, when set to 0.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 260 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--xy-max</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dxy_002dmax-357"></a><dd>Maximum width and height of the PNG output in pixels. No constraint, when set to 0.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 266 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--screen-layer-order</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dscreen_002dlayer_002dorder-358"></a><dd>Export layers in the order shown on screen.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 272 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--monochrome</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmonochrome-359"></a><dd>Convert output to monochrome.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 278 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--only-visible</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002donly_002dvisible-360"></a><dd>Limit the bounds of the exported PNG image to the visible items.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 284 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--use-alpha</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002duse_002dalpha-361"></a><dd>Make the background and any holes transparent.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 290 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--fill-holes</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfill_002dholes-362"></a><dd>Drill holes in pins/pads are filled, not hollow.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 296 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--format <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dformat-_003cstring_003e-363"></a><dd>File format to be exported. Parameter <code><string></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">PNG</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">GIF</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">JPEG</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 302 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--png-bloat <num><dim></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpng_002dbloat-_003cnum_003e_003cdim_003e-364"></a><dd>Amount of extra thickness to add to traces, pads, or pin edges. The parameter
‘<samp><span class="samp"><num><dim></span></samp>’ is a number, appended by a dimension ‘<samp><span class="samp">mm</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mil</span></samp>’, or
‘<samp><span class="samp">pix</span></samp>’. If no dimension is given, the default dimension is 1/100 mil.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 308 -->
<a name="index-photo_002dmode-365"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--photo-mode</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dmode-366"></a><dd>Export a photo realistic image of the layout.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 314 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--photo-flip-x</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dflip_002dx-367"></a><dd>In photo-realistic mode, export the reverse side of the layout. Left-right flip.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 320 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--photo-flip-y</code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dflip_002dy-368"></a><dd>In photo-realistic mode, export the reverse side of the layout. Up-down flip.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 326 -->
<a name="index-photo_002dmask_002dcolour-369"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--photo-mask-colour <colour></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dmask_002dcolour-_003ccolour_003e-370"></a><dd>In photo-realistic mode, export the solder mask as this colour.
Parameter <code><colour></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">green</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">red</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">blue</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">purple</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">black</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">white</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 332 -->
<a name="index-photo_002dplating-371"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--photo-plating <colour></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dplating-_003ccolour_003e-372"></a><dd>In photo-realistic mode, export the exposed copper as though it has this type
of plating. Parameter <code><colour></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">tinned</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">gold</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">silver</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">copper</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/png/png.c 338 -->
<a name="index-photo_002dsilk_002dcolour-373"></a>
<dl><dt><code>--photo-silk-colour <colour></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dsilk_002dcolour-_003ccolour_003e-374"></a><dd>In photo-realistic mode, export the silk screen as this colour. Parameter
<code><colour></code> can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">white</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">black</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">yellow</span></samp>’.
</dl>
<!-- options lpr Printing Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="lpr-Printing-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.18 lpr Printing Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/lpr/lpr.c 31 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--lprcommand <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlprcommand-_003cstring_003e-375"></a><dd>Command to use for printing. Defaults to <code>lpr</code>. This can be used to produce
PDF output with a virtual PDF printer. Example: <br>
<code>--lprcommand "lp -d CUPS-PDF-Printer"</code>.
</dl>
In addition, all <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a> options are valid.
<!-- options nelma Options -->
<div class="node">
<a name="nelma-Options"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lpr-Printing-Options">lpr Printing Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.19 nelma Options</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/nelma/nelma.c 155 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>-- basename <string></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002d-basename-_003cstring_003e-376"></a><dd>File name prefix.
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/nelma/nelma.c 161 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--dpi <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddpi-_003cnum_003e-377"></a><dd>Horizontal scale factor (grid points/inch).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/nelma/nelma.c 167 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--copper-height <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcopper_002dheight-_003cnum_003e-378"></a><dd>Copper layer height (um).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/nelma/nelma.c 173 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--substrate-height <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsubstrate_002dheight-_003cnum_003e-379"></a><dd>Substrate layer height (um).
</dl>
<!-- ./../src/hid/nelma/nelma.c 179 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>--substrate-epsilon <num></code><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsubstrate_002depsilon-_003cnum_003e-380"></a><dd>Substrate relative epsilon.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 5 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="X11-Interface"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">7 X11 Interface</h2>
<p><a name="index-X11-381"></a>
This chapter gives an overview about the additional <code>X11</code> resources which
are defined by <code>Pcb</code> as well as the defined action routines.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Resources">Resources</a>: Non-standard <code>X11</code> application resources.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Actions">Actions</a>: A list of available action routines.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Translations">Translations</a>: A list of the default key translations (as shipped).
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Resources"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Actions">Actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">7.1 Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</h3>
<p><a name="index-resources-382"></a><a name="index-X11-resources-383"></a>
In addition to the toolkit resources, <code>Pcb</code> defines the
following resources:
<a name="index-absoluteGrid-384"></a>
<a name="index-grid-385"></a>
<dl><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">absoluteGrid (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it has changed
last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0).
<p><a name="index-alignmentDistance-386"></a><a name="index-alignment-387"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">alignmentDistance (dimension)</span></samp>’<dd>Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment targets.
<p><a name="index-allDirectionLines-388"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-389"></a><a name="index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-390"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">allDirectionLines (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree angles.
<p><a name="index-backgroundImage-391"></a><a name="index-background-392"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">backgroundImage (string)</span></samp>’<dd>If specified, this image will be drawn as the background for the
board. The purpose of this option is to allow you to use a scan of an
existing layout as a prototype for your new layout. To do this, there
are some limitations as to what this image must be. The image must be
a PPM binary image (magic number ‘<samp><span class="samp">P6</span></samp>’). It must have a maximum
pixel value of 255 or less (i.e. no 16-bit images). It must represent
the entire board, as it will be scaled to fit the board dimensions
exactly. Note that it may be scaled unevenly if the image doesn't
have the same aspect ratio of your board. You must ensure that the
image does not use more colors than are available on your system
(mostly this is for pseudo-color displays, like old 8-bit displays).
For best results, I suggest the following procedure using The Gimp:
Load your image (any type). Image->Scale if needed.
Image->Colors->Curves and for each of Red, Green, and Blue channel
move the lower left point up to about the 3/4 line (value 192). This
will make your image pale so it doesn't interfere with the traces
you'll be adding. Image->Mode->Indexed and select, say, 32 colors
with Normal F-S dithering. File->Save As, file type by extension,
use <samp><span class="file">.ppm</span></samp> as the extension. Select Raw formatting.
<p><a name="index-backupInterval-393"></a><a name="index-backup-394"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">backupInterval (int)</span></samp>’<dd><code>Pcb</code> has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data
every n seconds. The default is <em>300</em> seconds. A value of zero disables
the feature. The backup file is named <samp><span class="file">/tmp/PCB.%i.backup</span></samp> by
default (this may have been changed at compilation time via the
<code>BACKUP_NAME</code>
variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>).
<em>%i</em> is replaced by the process ID.
See also, the command-line option <em>–backup-interval</em>.
<p><a name="index-bloat-395"></a><a name="index-bloat-396"></a><a name="index-drc-397"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Bloat (dimension)</span></samp>’<dd>Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils.
<p><a name="index-connectedColor-398"></a><a name="index-colors-399"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-colors-400"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">connectedColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a connection
search are drawn with this color. The default value is determined by
<em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-cross-hairColor-401"></a><a name="index-colors-402"></a><a name="index-cursor-color-403"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cross hairColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>This color is used to draw the cross hair cursor. The color is a result of
a <em>XOR</em> operation with the contents of the Layout area. The result
also depends on the default colormap of the <code>X11</code> server because only
the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <code>Pcb</code> doesn't
create its own colormap. The default setting is <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-elementColor-404"></a><a name="index-elementSelectedColor-405"></a><a name="index-colors-406"></a><a name="index-element_002c-color-407"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">elementColor (color)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">elementSelectedColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and selected
mode, respectively, which both default to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-elementCommand-408"></a><a name="index-element_002c-command-409"></a><a name="index-element_002c-files-410"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-411"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-element-data-412"></a><a name="index-unix-command-413"></a><a name="index-m4-414"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">elementCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd><code>Pcb</code> uses a user defined command to read element files. This resource
is used to set the command which is executed by the users default shell.
Two escape sequences are defined to pass the selected filename (%f) and the
current search path (%p). The command must write the element data
to its standard output. The default value is
<pre class="example"> M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4
</pre>
<p>Using the GNU version of <code>m4</code> is highly recommended.
See also, the command-line option <em>–element-command</em>.
<p><a name="index-elementPath-415"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-element-files-416"></a><a name="index-path-for-element-files-417"></a><a name="index-element_002c-files-418"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-419"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">elementPath (string)</span></samp>’<dd>A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
The path is passed to the program specified in <em>elementCommand</em> together
with the selected element name. A specified command will be executed in order
to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to
<em>stdout</em> one entry per line.
See also, the user-command <em>le[!]</em>.
<p><a name="index-fileCommand-420"></a><a name="index-file-load-command-421"></a><a name="index-layout-files-422"></a><a name="index-loading-layouts-423"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-layout-data-424"></a><a name="index-unix-command-425"></a><a name="index-cat-426"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fileCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd>The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever existing layout
files are loaded. Data is read from the command's standard output.
Two escape sequences may be specified to pass the selected filename (%f)
and the current search path (%p). The default value is:
<pre class="example"> cat %f
</pre>
<p>See also, the command-line option <em>–file-command</em>.
<p><a name="index-filePath-427"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-layout-files-428"></a><a name="index-path-for-layout-files-429"></a><a name="index-layout-files-430"></a><a name="index-loading-layouts-431"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">filePath (string)</span></samp>’<dd>A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
The path is passed to the program specified in <em>fileCommand</em> together
with the selected filename. A specified command will be executed in order
to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to
<em>stdout</em> one entry per line.
See also, the user-command <em>l[!]</em>.
<p><a name="index-fontCommand-432"></a><a name="index-font-command-433"></a><a name="index-font-files-434"></a><a name="index-loading-fonts-435"></a><a name="index-loading-symbols-436"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-font-data-437"></a><a name="index-unix-command-438"></a><a name="index-cat-439"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fontCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd>Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. You again
may pass the selected filename and the current search path by passing
%f and %p in the command string. Data is read from the commands standard
output. This command defaults to
<pre class="example"> cat %f
</pre>
<p>See also, the command-line option <em>–font-command</em>.
<p><a name="index-fontFile-440"></a><a name="index-default-font-441"></a><a name="index-symbols-442"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fontFile (string)</span></samp>’<dd>The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is searched
in the directories as defined by the resource <em>fontPath</em>.
Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a directory
component.
The default filename is <samp><span class="file">default_font</span></samp>.
<p><a name="index-fontPath-443"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-font-files-444"></a><a name="index-path-for-font-files-445"></a><a name="index-font-files-446"></a><a name="index-loading-fonts-447"></a><a name="index-loading-symbols-448"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fontPath (string)</span></samp>’<dd>This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the searchpath
for font files. See also, the resource <em>fontFile</em>.
<p><a name="index-grid-449"></a><a name="index-grid-450"></a><a name="index-cursor-steps-451"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">grid (int)</span></samp>’<dd>This resource defines the initial value of one cursor step. It defaults
to <em>100 mil</em> and any changes are saved together with the layout data.
<p><a name="index-gridColor-452"></a><a name="index-colors-453"></a><a name="index-grid-color-454"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">gridColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of
a <em>INVERT</em> operation with the contents of the Layout area. The result
also depends on the default colormap of the <code>X11</code> server because only
the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <code>Pcb</code> doesn't
create its own colormap. The default setting is <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-invisibleObjectsColor-455"></a><a name="index-colors-456"></a><a name="index-element_002c-color-457"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">invisibleObjectsColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>Elements located on the opposite side of the board are drawn in this color.
The default is <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-layerColor-458"></a><a name="index-layerSelectedColor-459"></a><a name="index-colors-460"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-colors-461"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">layerColor1..MAX_LAYER (color)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">layerSelectedColor1..MAX_LAYER (color)</span></samp>’<dd>These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers in
normal and selected state. All values are preset to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-layerGroups-462"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-groups-463"></a><a name="index-groups-464"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">layerGroups (string)</span></samp>’<dd>The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma separated
layer numbers (1..MAX_LAYER). All layers within one group are switched on/off
together. The default setting is <em>1:2:3:...:MAX_LAYER</em> which means
all layers are handled separately. Grouping layers one to three looks like
<em>1,2,3:4:...:MAX_LAYER</em>
<p><a name="index-layerName-465"></a><a name="index-layer_002c-name-of-466"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">layerName1..MAX_LAYER (string)</span></samp>’<dd>The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by these
resources. The defaults are empty strings.
<p><a name="index-libraryCommand-467"></a><a name="index-library-command-468"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-469"></a><a name="index-unix-command-470"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">libraryCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd><code>Pcb</code> uses a command to read element data from libraries.
The resource is used to set the command which is executed by the users
default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the selected
filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) as the three
parameters <em>template</em>, <em>value</em> and <em>package</em> to the command.
It must write the element data to its standard output. The default value is
<pre class="example"> NONE/share/pcb/oldlib/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a
</pre>
<p><a name="index-elementContentsCommand-471"></a><a name="index-library-contents-command-472"></a><a name="index-listing-library-contents-473"></a><a name="index-unix-command-474"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">libraryContentsCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd>Similar to <em>libraryCommand</em>, <code>Pcb</code> uses the command specified
by this resource to list the contents of a library.
<pre class="example"> NONE/share/pcb/oldlib/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f
</pre>
<p>is the default.
<p><a name="index-libraryFilename-475"></a><a name="index-default-library-476"></a><a name="index-library-name-477"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">libraryFilename (string)</span></samp>’<dd>The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value is
<em>pcblib</em> unless changed at compile time
with the <code>LIBRARYFILENAME</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>.
<p><a name="index-libraryPath-478"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-libraries-479"></a><a name="index-path-for-libraries-480"></a><a name="index-library-searchpath-481"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">libraryPath (string)</span></samp>’<dd>A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the commands
specified by <em>elementCommand</em> and <em>elementContentsCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-lineThickness-482"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-size-483"></a><a name="index-size-of-lines-484"></a><a name="index-thickness-of-lines-485"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">lineThickness (dimension)</span></samp>’<dd>The value, in the range [1..250] (the range may be changed at compile
time with the <code>MIN_LINESIZE</code> and <code>MAX_LINESIZE</code> variables in
<samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>), defines the
initial thickness of new lines. The value is preset to <em>ten mil</em>.
<p><a name="index-media-486"></a><a name="index-media-487"></a><a name="index-media-margin-488"></a><a name="index-print-media-489"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)</span></samp>’<dd>The default (user defined) media of the <code>PostScript</code> device. Predefined
values are <em>a3</em>, <em>a4</em>, <em>a5</em>, <em>letter</em>, <em>tabloit</em>,
<em>ledger</em>, <em>legal</em>, and <em>executive</em>.
The second way is to specify the medias width, height and margins in mil.
The resource defaults to <em>a4</em> size unless changed at compile time
with the <code>DEFAULT_MEDIASIZE</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>.
<p><a name="index-offLimitColor-490"></a><a name="index-colors-491"></a><a name="index-off-limit-color-492"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">offLimitColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height is drawn
with this color. The default value is determined by <em>XtDefaultBackground</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinColor-493"></a><a name="index-pinSelectedColor-494"></a><a name="index-colors-495"></a><a name="index-pin-color-496"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinColor (color)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinSelectedColor(color)</span></samp>’<dd>This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both states.
The values are preset to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutFont0_002e_002e6-497"></a><a name="index-font_002c-used-for-pin-names-498"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-font-to-display-pin-names-499"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutFont (string)</span></samp>’<dd>This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for each zoom
value. The values are preset to <em>XtdefaultFont</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutNameLength-500"></a><a name="index-namelength-of-pins-501"></a><a name="index-pin_002c-name-of-502"></a><a name="index-length-of-a-pin-name-503"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutNameLength (int)</span></samp>’<dd>This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed for
pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length is limited
to <em>eight</em> characters per name.
<p><a name="index-pinoutOffsetX-504"></a><a name="index-pinoutOffsetY-505"></a><a name="index-offset-of-pinout-506"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutOffsetX (int)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutOffsetY (int)</span></samp>’<dd>These resources determine the offset in <em>mil</em> of the circuit from the
upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout information.
Both default to <em>100 mil</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutTextOffsetX-507"></a><a name="index-pinoutTextOffsetY-508"></a><a name="index-offset-of-pinnames-509"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutTextOffsetX (int)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutTextOffsetY (int)</span></samp>’<dd>The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling hole of a pin
to the location where its name is displayed in the pinout window.
They default to <em>X:50</em> and <em>Y:0</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutZoom-510"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-zoomfactor-of-display-511"></a><a name="index-zoom-of-pinout-window-512"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pinoutZoom (int)</span></samp>’<dd>Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula:
scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is <em>two</em> which results in
a <em>1:4</em> scale.
<p><a name="index-printCommand-513"></a><a name="index-printing-514"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">printCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd>Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the output
is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the current filename.
There is no default file or command.
<p><a name="index-raiseLogWindow-515"></a><a name="index-log-window-516"></a><a name="index-messages-517"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">raiseLogWindow (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this resource
is set <em>true</em>, the default.
<p><a name="index-ratCommand-518"></a><a name="index-rats-nest-519"></a><a name="index-netlist-520"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ratCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd>Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the netlist
filename. Its default value is "<em>cat %f</em>".
<p><a name="index-ratPath-521"></a><a name="index-rats-nest-522"></a><a name="index-netlist-523"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ratPath (string)</span></samp>’<dd>Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "."
<p><a name="index-resetAfterElement-524"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-reseting-after-element-525"></a><a name="index-reseting-found-connections-526"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">resetAfterElement (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>If set to <em>true</em>, all found connections will be reset before a new
element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the whole
layout for connections. The resource is set to <em>false</em> by default.
The feature is only used while looking up connections of all elements.
<p><a name="index-ringBellWhenFinished-527"></a><a name="index-keyboard-bell-528"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy operation
has finished or not.
See also, the command-line option <em>–ring-bell-finished</em>.
<p><a name="index-routeStyle-529"></a><a name="index-routing-style-530"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">routeStyle (string)</span></samp>’<dd>Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes menu).
The string is a comma separated list of name, line thickness,
via diameter, and via drill size.
e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20"
See also, the command-line option <em>–route-styles</em> and <em>Sizes Menu</em>
<p><a name="index-rubberBandMode-531"></a><a name="index-move-532"></a><a name="index-rubberband-533"></a><a name="index-rotate-534"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">rubberBandMode (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like
rubberbands) is enabled (the default).
<p><a name="index-saveCommand-535"></a><a name="index-file-save-command-536"></a><a name="index-layout-files-537"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-538"></a><a name="index-postprocessing-layout-data-539"></a><a name="index-unix-command-540"></a><a name="index-cat-541"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">saveCommand (string)</span></samp>’<dd>This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename may be
indicated by placing <code>%f</code> in the string. It must read the data from
its standard input. The default command is:
<pre class="example"> cat - > %f
</pre>
<p>See also, the command-line option <em>–save-command</em>.
<p><a name="index-saveInTMP-542"></a><a name="index-backup-543"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-544"></a><a name="index-preventing-loss-of-data-545"></a><a name="index-temporary-files-546"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ftmp-547"></a><a name="index-directory-_002ftmp-548"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">saveInTMP (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be lost
in a temporary file <samp><span class="file">/tmp/PCB.%i.save</span></samp>. The file name may
be changed at compile time
with the <code>EMERGENCY_NAME</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>.
.
<em>%i</em> is replaced by the process ID.
As an example, loading a new layout when the old one hasn't been saved would
use this resource.
See also, the command-line option <em>–save-in-tmp</em>.
<p><a name="index-saveLastCommand-549"></a><a name="index-saving-last-entered-user-command-550"></a><a name="index-inputfield_002c-saving-entered-command_002dline-551"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">saveLastCommand (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is
<em>disabled</em> by default.
See also, the command-line option <em>–save-last-command</em>.
<p><a name="index-shrink-552"></a><a name="index-shrink-553"></a><a name="index-drc-554"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Shrink (dimension)</span></samp>’<dd>Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils.
<p><a name="index-size-555"></a><a name="index-default-layout-size-556"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-default-size-of-557"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">size (<width>x<height>)</span></samp>’<dd>Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is
<em>7000x5000</em> unless changed at compile time
with the <code>DEFAULT_SIZE</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>.
<p><a name="index-stipplePolygons-558"></a><a name="index-polygon-559"></a><a name="index-display-560"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">stipllePolygons (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a stippled
pattern. Stippling can create some amount of transparency so that
you can still (to some extent) see layers beneath polygons.
It defaults to False.
<p><a name="index-textScale-561"></a><a name="index-text_002c-default-scaling-562"></a><a name="index-default-text-scaling-563"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">textScale (dimension)</span></samp>’<dd>The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The default is
<em>100</em> percent.
<p><a name="index-useLogWindow-564"></a><a name="index-log-window-565"></a><a name="index-messages-566"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">useLogWindow (boolean)</span></samp>’<dd>Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs.
This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or as a separate
dialog box. See also, the resource <em>raiseLogWindow</em> and the command line
option <em>-loggeometry</em>.
The default value is <em>true</em>.
<p><a name="index-viaColor-567"></a><a name="index-viaSelectedColor-568"></a><a name="index-colors-569"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-color-570"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">viaColor (color)</span></samp>’<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">viaSelectedColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states.
The values are preset to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-viaThickness-571"></a><a name="index-viaDrillingHole-572"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-size-573"></a><a name="index-size-of-vias-574"></a><a name="index-thickness-of-vias-575"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">viaThickness (dimension)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">viaDrillingHole (dimension)</span></samp>’<dd>The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values must be in the
range [30..400] (the range may be changed at compile
time with the <code>MIN_PINORVIASIZE</code> and <code>MAX_PINEORVIASIZE</code> variables in
<samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>), with at least 20
mil of copper.
The default thickness is <em>40 mil</em> and the default drilling hole is
<em>20 mil</em>.
<p><a name="index-volume-576"></a><a name="index-speaker-volume-577"></a><a name="index-volume-of-speaker-578"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">volume (int)</span></samp>’<dd>The value is passed to <code>XBell()</code> which sets the volume of the <code>X</code>
speaker.
The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to the maximum volume of
<em>100</em>.
<p><a name="index-warnColor-579"></a><a name="index-colors-580"></a><a name="index-color_002c-warning-581"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">warnColor (color)</span></samp>’<dd>This resource defines the color to be used for drawing pins and pads when
a warning has been issued about them.
<p><a name="index-zoom-582"></a><a name="index-zoom-of-Layout-area-583"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">zoom (int)</span></samp>’<dd>The initial value for output scaling is set according to the following
formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to <em>three</em> which results
in an output scale of <em>1:8</em>.
</dl>
<p>Refer also to <a href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Actions"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Translations">Translations</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Resources">Resources</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">7.2 Actions</h3>
<p><a name="index-actions-584"></a><a name="index-translations-585"></a><a name="index-key-translations-586"></a><a name="index-button-translations-587"></a><a name="index-X11-translations-588"></a>
All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any <code>X</code> event. Almost
no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it is vital for the
application that at least a system-wide application resource file exists.
This file normally resides in the <samp><span class="file">share/pcb</span></samp> directory and
is called <samp><span class="file">Pcb</span></samp>. The bindings to which the manual refers to are the
ones as defined by the shipped resource file. Besides binding an action to
an X11 event, you can also execute any action command using a ":" command
(see <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>).
<p>Take special care about translations related to the functions keys and the
pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them too.
Change the file according to your hardware/software environment.
You may have to replace all occurrences of <em>baseTranslations</em> to
<em>translations</em> if you use a <code>X11R4</code> server.
<p>Passing <em>Object</em> as an argument to an action routine causes the object
at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If more than
one object is located at the cross hair position the smallest type is used.
If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken.
<em>SelectedObjects</em> will handle all selected and visible objects.
<a name="index-AddRats_0028_0029-589"></a>
<a name="index-rats-nest-590"></a>
<a name="index-netlist-591"></a>
<a name="index-rat_002dline-592"></a>
<dl><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)</span></samp>’<dd>Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see the <em>:rn</em>,
<a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>.). Rat lines are added on the active layer using the current
line thickness shown in the status line.
Only missing connectivity is added by the
AddRats command so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added.
Rat lines may be drawn different to other lines on the screen
to make them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed layout.
The rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern
(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit.
If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued
about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated.
If connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist while
AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and the affected pins and
pads will be drawn in a special <em>warnColor</em> until the next <em>Notify()</em> event.
If the entire layout agrees completely with the net-list a message informs you that
the layout is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed).
If <em>SelectedRats</em>
is passed as the argument, only those missing connections that might connect among
the selected pins and pads are drawn.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats)
!Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats)
None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats)
!Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-593"></a><a name="index-vendor-map-594"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-595"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ApplyVendor()</span></samp>’<dd>Applies an already loaded vendor drill map to the design.
<pre class="example"> ApplyVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Atomic_0028_0029-596"></a><a name="index-undo_002c-multi_002daction-resources-597"></a><a name="index-atomic-598"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)</span></samp>’<dd>Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the first action
in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After each action that might
be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be issued. Atomic(Block) concludes
and save the undo grouping if there was anything in the group to undo.
Atomic(Close) concludes and save the undo grouping even if nothing was
actually done. Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful
when you want to use undo in a group of actions.
<p><a name="index-Bell_0028_0029-599"></a><a name="index-signal-600"></a><a name="index-bell-601"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Bell([-100..100])</span></samp>’<dd>Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting
of the resource <em>volume</em> will be used.
<p><a name="index-ChangeClearSize_0028_0029-602"></a><a name="index-change-sizes-603"></a><a name="index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-604"></a><a name="index-clearance_002c-changing-of-objects-605"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeClearSize(Object, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeClearSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dd>The effect of this action depends on if the soldermask display is presently
turned on or off. If soldermask is displayed, then the soldermask
relief size will be changed. If soldermask display is turned off,
then the clearance to polygons will be changed.
<em>unit</em> is "mil" or "mm". If not specified the units will default
to the internal unit of 0.01 mil.
<pre class="example"> !Mod1<Key>k: ChangeClearSize(Object, +2, mil)
!Mod1 Shift<Key>k: ChangeClearSize(Object, -2, mil)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeDrillSize_0028_0029-606"></a><a name="index-change-sizes-607"></a><a name="index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-608"></a><a name="index-drilling-hole_002c-changing-of-objects-609"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeDrillSize(Object, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dd>This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias.
If <em>value</em> starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts)
<em>value</em> from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the
diameter to the value.
<em>unit</em> is "mil" or "mm". If not specified the units will default
to the internal unit of 0.01 mil.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5, mil)
!Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5, mil)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeFlag_0028_0029-610"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-changing-611"></a><a name="index-octagonal-flag_002c-changing-612"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-changing-613"></a><a name="index-thermal-flag_002c-changing-614"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeFlag(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected,thermal|octagon|square,0|1)</span></samp>’<dd>Sets/clears the indicated flag. This adds/removes thermals, adds/removes the flag
which indicates a pin/pad should be square, or adds/removes the flag which
indicates a pin/pad should be octagonal.
<pre class="example"> :ChangeFlag(SelectedVias,thermal,1)
:ChangeFlag(SelectedPads,square,0)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeHole_0028_0029-615"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-converting-to-mounting-hole-616"></a><a name="index-mounting-holes-617"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)</span></samp>’<dd>This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is
a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via
determines the hole diameter.
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeName_0028_0029-618"></a><a name="index-name_002c-change-an-objects-619"></a><a name="index-change-object-name-620"></a><a name="index-object_002c-change-name-of-621"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeName(Object)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeName(Layer|Layout)</span></samp>’<dd>Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A text object
doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself is changed.
The element name currently used for display is always the one changed with this
command.
See <em>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</em> for details.
Passing <em>Layer</em> changes the current layers name.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeOctagon_0028_0029-622"></a><a name="index-pins_002c-changing-shape-of-623"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-changing-shape-of-624"></a><a name="index-octagonal-pins-and-vias-625"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)</span></samp>’<dd>Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn when they
are not square. The shape will either be round or octagonal.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangePinName_0028_0029-626"></a><a name="index-changing-pin_002fpad-names-627"></a><a name="index-pin_002fpad-names_002c-changing-628"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangePinName(ElementName, PinNumber, PinName)</span></samp>’<dd>Changes the name for a specified pin or pad number on a specified element.
This action is typically used to forward annotate pin/pad names from a schematic
to the layout.
<pre class="example"> ChangePinName(U1, 14, VDD)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeSize_0028_0029-629"></a><a name="index-change-sizes-630"></a><a name="index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-631"></a><a name="index-thickness_002c-changing-of-objects-632"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeSize(Object, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value[, unit])</span></samp>’<dd>To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to some
<code>X</code> event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If <em>value</em> begins with
a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the current
size, otherwise the size is set equal to <em>value</em>. Range checking is
done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of any size are violated.
If <em>Object</em> is passed then a single object at the cursor location is
changed. If any of the <em>Selected</em> arguments are passed then all selected
and visible objects of that type are changed. If the type being modified is
an element, then the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element
is changed.
<em>unit</em> is "mil" or "mm". If not specified the units will default
to the internal unit of 0.01 mil.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5)
!Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeSquare_0028_0029-633"></a><a name="index-change-square-flag-634"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-changing-of-objects-635"></a><a name="index-thickness_002c-changing-of-objects-636"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)</span></samp>’<dd>Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to identify a
certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is also used to
make SMD pads have square ends.
<pre class="example"> None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ClrFlag_0028_0029-637"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-clearing-638"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-clearing-639"></a><a name="index-octagonal-flag_002c-clearing-640"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-clearing-641"></a><a name="index-thermal-flag_002c-clearing-642"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ClrFlag(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected,thermal|octagon|square)</span></samp>’<dd>Clears the indicated flag. This removes thermals, removes the flag
which indicates a pin/pad should be square, or removes the flag which
indicates a pin/pad should be octagonal.
<pre class="example"> :ClrFlag(SelectedVias,thermal)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Command_0028_0029-643"></a><a name="index-start-user-input-644"></a><a name="index-inputfield_002c-start-user-input-645"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Command()</span></samp>’<dd>Calling <em>Command()</em> pops up an input line at the bottom of the window
which allows you to enter commands. Including all action commands!
The dialog ends when <em>None<Key>Return</em>
to confirm or <em>None<Key>Escape</em> to abort is entered.
Default:
<pre class="example"> <Key>colon: Command()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Connection_0028_0029-646"></a><a name="index-scanning-connections-647"></a><a name="index-searching-connections-648"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-reseting-649"></a><a name="index-reseting-found-connections-650"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-searching-for-651"></a><a name="index-saving-found-connections-652"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Connection(Find)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)</span></samp>’<dd>The <em>Connection()</em> action is used to mark all connections from one pin,
line or via to others.
The <em>ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, ResetFoundPinsAndVias</em> and
<em>Reset</em> arguments may be used to reset all marked lines and rectangles,
vias and pins or all of them. The search starts with the pin or via
at the cursor position. All found objects are drawn with the color
defined by the resource <em>connectedColor</em>.
See also, <em>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</em>.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset)
None<Key>f: Connection(Find)
!Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DeleteRats_0028_0029-653"></a><a name="index-rats-nest-654"></a><a name="index-rat_002dline-655"></a><a name="index-netlist-656"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)</span></samp>’<dd>This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only
the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout
objects are unaffected.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats)
!Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-657"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-disabling-658"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-disabling-659"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DisableVendor()</span></samp>’<dd>Disables automatic drill size mapping to the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> DisableVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DisperseElements_0028_0029-660"></a><a name="index-dispersing-elements-661"></a><a name="index-distributing-elements-662"></a><a name="index-elements_002c-dispersing-663"></a><a name="index-elements_002c-distributing-664"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DisperseElements(All|Selected)</span></samp>’<dd>Disperses either all elements or only the selected elements in the
layout. This action should be used at the
start of a design to spread out all footprints before any placement or
routing is done.
<pre class="example"> DisperseElements(All)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Display_0028_0029-665"></a><a name="index-centering-666"></a><a name="index-redrawing-layout-667"></a><a name="index-refreshing-layout-668"></a><a name="index-name-of-an-element-669"></a><a name="index-displaying-element-names-670"></a><a name="index-element_002c-display-names-of-671"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-absolute-and-relative-672"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-display-673"></a><a name="index-rubberband-674"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-display-of-675"></a><a name="index-displaying-pinout-676"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-677"></a><a name="index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-678"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)</span></samp>’<dd>This action routines handles some output related settings. It is
used to center the display around the cursor location and to redraw the
output area optionally after clearing the window.
Centering is done with respect to the <em>grid</em> setting. Displaying the
grid itself may be switched on and off by <em>Grid</em> but only if
the distance between two pixels exceeds 4 pixels.
<code>Pcb</code> is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them
is a description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should be
a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k).
The <em>Display()</em> action selects which of the names is displayed.
It also controls which name will be affected by the <em>ChangeName</em> command.
If <em>ToggleGrid</em> is passed, <code>Pcb</code> changes between relative
('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the statusline).
Relative grid means the pointer position when the command is issued is
used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used in the absolute grid case.
Passing <em>Pinout</em> displays the pinout of the element at the current
cursor location whereas <em>PinOrPadName</em> toggles displaying of the
pins or pads name under the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor
is inside of an element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads.
For details about rubberbands see also the details about <em>Mode</em>.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>c: Display(Center)
None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName)
!Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout)
None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw)
None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree)
None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DRC_0028_0029-679"></a><a name="index-design-rule-checking-680"></a><a name="index-drc-681"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DRC()</span></samp>’<dd>Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be repeated
until no errors are found.
<p><a name="index-ExecuteFile_0028_0029-682"></a><a name="index-actions-file_002c-executing-683"></a><a name="index-script-file_002c-executing-684"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ExecuteFile(filename)</span></samp>’<dd>Executes the PCB actions contained in the specified file.
This can be used to automate a complex sequence of operations.
<pre class="example"> :ExecuteFile(custom.cmd)
</pre>
<p>The command file contains a list of PCB actions. Blank lines
are ignored and lines starting with a # are treated as comment
lines. For example
<pre class="example"> # This is a comment line
Display(Grid)
SetValue(Zoom,2)
DRC()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-EditLayerGroups_0028_0029-685"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-editing-of-groups-686"></a><a name="index-groups_002c-editing-of-687"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">EditLayerGroups()</span></samp>’<dd>Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function is also
available from the <em>Objects</em> menu.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-688"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-enabling-689"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-enabling-690"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">EnableVendor()</span></samp>’<dd>Enables automatic drill size mapping to the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> EnableVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Load_0028_0029-691"></a><a name="index-loading-files-692"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)</span></samp>’<dd>This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data,
or netlist.
The passed filename for layout data is saved and may be reused.
<em>ElementToBuffer</em> and <em>LayoutToBuffer</em> load the data into the
current buffer.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-LoadVendor_0028_0029-693"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-loading-694"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-loading-695"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">LoadVendor(vendorfile)</span></samp>’<dd>Loads the specified vendor resource file.
<pre class="example"> LoadVendor(myvendor.res)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-MarkCrosshair_0028_0029-696"></a><a name="index-mark-697"></a><a name="index-cursor-position-698"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">MarkCrosshair()</span></samp>’<dd>This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then
the cursor display shows both absolute position and position relative to
the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine removes it and
stops displaying relative cursor coordinates.
Defaults:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Mode_0028_0029-699"></a><a name="index-mode_002c-selecting-of-700"></a><a name="index-operation-modes_002c-selecting-of-701"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Mode(Cycle)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Mode(Notify)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Mode(Save|Restore)</span></samp>’<dd>Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed by a thick
line around the matching mode selector button.
Most of the functionality of <code>Pcb</code> is implemented by selecting a mode
and calling <em>Mode(Notify)</em>. The arguments <em>Line</em>, <em>Polygon</em>,
<em>Rectangle</em>, <em>Text</em> and <em>Via</em> are used to create the
appropriate object whenever <em>Mode(Notify)</em> is called. Some of them,
such as <em>Polygon</em>, need more than one call for one object to be created.
<em>InsertPoint</em> adds points to existing polygons or lines.
<em>Save</em> and <em>Restore</em> are used to temporarily save the mode, switch
to another one, call <em>Mode(Notify)</em> and restore the saved one. Have
a look at the application resource file for examples.
<em>Copy</em> and <em>Move</em> modes are used to change an object's location and,
optionally, to create a new one. The first call of <em>Mode(Notify)</em> attaches
the object at the pointer location to the cross hair whereas the second
one drops it to the layout. The <em>rubberband</em> version of move performs the
move while overriding the current rubberband mode.
Passing <em>PasteBuffer</em> attaches the contents of the currently selected
buffer to the cross hair. Each call to <em>Mode(Notify)</em> pastes this contents
to the layout. <em>Mode(Cycle)</em> cycles through the modes available in the
mode-button pallet.
<em>Mode(None)</em> switches all modes off.
Default:
<pre class="example"> <Key>Escape: Mode(None)
<Key>space: Mode(Cycle)
None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Key>F1: Mode(Via)
None<Key>F2: Mode(Line)
None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle)
None<Key>F5: Mode(Text)
None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon)
None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal)
None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc)
None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint)
None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Btn1>: Mode(Notify)
!Shift Ctrl<Btn1>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
!Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify)
!Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
Shift BTNMOD<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-MovePointer_0028_0029-702"></a><a name="index-pointer_002c-moving-of-703"></a><a name="index-cursor-movements-704"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)</span></samp>’<dd>With this function it is possible to move the cross hair cursor by using the
cursor keys. The <code>X</code> server's pointer follows because the necessary
events are generated by <code>Pcb</code>. All movements are performed with respect
to the currently set grid value.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1)
!Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10)
None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1)
!Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10)
None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0)
!Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0)
None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0)
!Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-MoveToCurrentLayer_0028_0029-705"></a><a name="index-objects_002c-moving-to-current-layer-706"></a><a name="index-moving-objects-to-current-layer-707"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)</span></samp>’<dd>The function moves a single object at the cross hair location or all selected
objects to the current layer. Elements are not movable by this function.
They have to be deleted and replaced on the other side.
If a line segment is moved and the movement would result in a loss of
connectivity to another segment then via(s) are automatically added to
maintain the connectivity.
<pre class="example"> None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object)
!Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-New_0028_0029-708"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-start-a-new-709"></a><a name="index-starting-a-new-layout-710"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">New()</span></samp>’<dd>Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its name.
Refer to the resource <em>backup</em> for more information.
No defaults.
<p><a name="index-PasteBuffer_0028_0029-711"></a><a name="index-buffer_002c-selecting-a-712"></a><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-selecting-a-713"></a><a name="index-selecting-a-buffer-714"></a><a name="index-rotating-a-buffer-715"></a><a name="index-cutting-objects-716"></a><a name="index-copying-objects-717"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PasteBuffer(Convert)</span></samp>’<dd>This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well as all
cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects one in of the
range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new number.
<em>Rotate</em> performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise rotations
of the buffer contents. <em>AddSelected</em> as first argument copies all
selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing <em>Clear</em> removes
all objects from the currently selected buffer. <em>Convert</em> causes
the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to be converted into an
element definition. Refer to <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>
for examples.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
Mode(PasteBuffer)
!Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer)
!Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
!Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
RemoveSelected()
!Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1)
!Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2)
!Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3)
!Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4)
!Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5)
None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Polygon_0028_0029-718"></a><a name="index-polygon_002c-closing-a-719"></a><a name="index-polygon-point_002c-go-back-to-previous-720"></a><a name="index-closing-a-polygon-721"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Polygon(Close|PreviousPoint)</span></samp>’<dd>Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling
<em>Polygon(PreviousPoint)</em> resets the newly entered corner to the
previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint)
when appropriate to do so. <em>Close</em> creates the final
segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree
lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>p: Polygon(Close)
!Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Print_0028_0029-722"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-printing-a-723"></a><a name="index-printing-a-layout-724"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Print()</span></samp>’<dd>Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output
device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all
files that are supported by the selected device. These are
mask files as well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table
shows the filenames for all possible files:
<pre class="example"> POSIX (extension) 8.3 filename
---------------------------------------------
*_componentmask.* cmsk.*
*_componentsilk.* cslk.*
*_soldermask.* smsk.*
*_soldersilk.* sslk.*
*_drill.* dril.*
*_groundplane.* gpl.*
*_group[1..8].* [..8].*
</pre>
<p>The output may be sent to a post-processor by starting the filename with the
<em>pipe</em> <code>("|")</code> character. Any <code>"%f"</code> in a command is replaced
with the current filename. The function is available from the <em>file</em> menu.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-Quit_0028_0029-725"></a><a name="index-quit-726"></a><a name="index-exit-727"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Quit()</span></samp>’<dd>Quits the application after confirming the operation.
Default:
<pre class="example"> <Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Redo_0028_0029-728"></a><a name="index-redo-729"></a><a name="index-recover-730"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Redo()</span></samp>’<dd>This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command.
You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to
revert something other than what it actually did (in case you
are confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you
have been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot
your stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo
in question will trim the redo list. For example if you add
ten lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put
them back, but if you move a line on the board before performing
the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Shift<Key>r: Redo()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-RemoveSelected_0028_0029-731"></a><a name="index-removing-selected-objects-732"></a><a name="index-selected-object_002c-removing-an-733"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">RemoveSelected()</span></samp>’<dd>This routine removes all visible and selected objects.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-Report_0028_0029-734"></a><a name="index-report-735"></a><a name="index-information-about-objects-736"></a><a name="index-drill-737"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Report(Object|DrillReport)</span></samp>’<dd>This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various
characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad or pin)
in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about all of the
drill holes in the layout.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-RouteStyle_0028_0029-738"></a><a name="index-routing-style-739"></a><a name="index-size-of-lines-and-vias-740"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)</span></samp>’<dd>This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route style
into the active line thickens, via diameter, and via drill size.
Defaults:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1)
...
!Ctrl<Key>NUM_STYLES: RouteStyle(NUM_STYLES)
</pre>
<p>The variable <code>NUM_STYLES</code> is set at compile time in
<samp><span class="file">globalconfig.h</span></samp>.
<p><a name="index-Save_0028_0029-741"></a><a name="index-saving-files-742"></a><a name="index-saving-connections-743"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Save(Layout|LayoutAs)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)</span></samp>’<dd>Passing <em>Layout</em> saves the layout using the file from which it was
loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls <em>Save(LayoutAs)</em> which queries
the user for a filename.
The values: <em>AllConnections</em>, <em>AllUnusedPins</em> and
<em>ElementConnections</em> start a connection scan and save all connections,
all unused pins or the connections of a single element to a file.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-Select_0028_0029-744"></a><a name="index-selection-745"></a><a name="index-selecting-objects-746"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Select(TextByName|ViaByName)</span></samp>’<dd>Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the cross hair position
(<em>ToggleObject</em>) or selects all visible objects, all inside a
rectangle or all objects which have been found during the last connection
scan. The <em>ByName</em> functions use a <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a> search,
always case insensitive, to select the objects.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject)
None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SetFlag_0028_0029-747"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-setting-748"></a><a name="index-octagonal-flag_002c-setting-749"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-setting-750"></a><a name="index-thermal-flag_002c-setting-751"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">SetFlag(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected,thermal|octagon|square)</span></samp>’<dd>Sets the indicated flag. This adds thermals, sets the flag
which indicates a pin/pad should be square, or sets the flag which
indicates a pin/pad should be octagonal.
<pre class="example"> :SetFlag(Selected,thermal)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SetValue_0028_0029-752"></a><a name="index-change-settings-753"></a><a name="index-zoom_002c-setting-of-754"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-setting-of-755"></a><a name="index-drilling-hole_002c-setting-of-initial-size-756"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-setting-of-initial-size-757"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-setting-of-initial-size-758"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)</span></samp>’<dd>Some internal values may be changed online by this function.
The first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other one
determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if <em>value</em> is
specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it is specified with
a plus or minus sign.
The function doesn't change any existing object only the initial values of
new objects. Use the <em>ChangeSize()</em> and <em>ChangeDrillSize()</em>
to change existing objects.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5)
!Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5)
None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5)
!Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5)
None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10)
!Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10)
None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5)
!Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5)
!Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5)
!Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5)
None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1)
!Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SwapSides_0028_0029-759"></a><a name="index-change-viewing-side-760"></a><a name="index-viewing-side_002c-changing-of-761"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">SwapSides()</span></samp>’<dd>This routine changes the board side you are viewing.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>Tab: SwapSides()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SwitchDrawingLayer_0028_0029-762"></a><a name="index-change-drawing-layer-763"></a><a name="index-layer_002c-change-active-764"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">SwitchDrawingLayer(value)</span></samp>’<dd>Makes layer number 1..MAX_LAYER the current one.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1)
...
None<Key>MAX_LAYER: SwitchDrawingLayer(MAX_LAYER)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ToggleHideName_0028_0029-765"></a><a name="index-hide-element-name-766"></a><a name="index-element-name_002c-hiding-767"></a><a name="index-element-name_002c-removing-from-silk_002dscreen-768"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)</span></samp>’<dd>Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it
is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear
on the silk layer when you print the layout.
<pre class="example"> None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object)
!Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-769"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-toggling-770"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-toggling-771"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ToggleVendor()</span></samp>’<dd>Toggles automatic drill size mapping to the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> ToggleVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ToggleVisibility_0028_0029-772"></a><a name="index-toggle-layer-visibility-773"></a><a name="index-layer-visibility_002c-toggling-774"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ToggleVisibility(Layer)</span></samp>’<dd>Toggles the visibility of the layer.
<pre class="example"> Mod1<Key>1: ToggleVisibility(1)
Mod1<Key>2: ToggleVisibility(2)
Mod1<Key>3: ToggleVisibility(3)
Mod1<Key>4: ToggleVisibility(4)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Undo_0028_0029-775"></a><a name="index-undo-776"></a><a name="index-recover-777"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Undo()</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Undo(ClearList)</span></samp>’<dd>The unlimited undo feature of <code>Pcb</code> allows you to recover
from most operations that materially affect you work.
Calling <em>Undo()</em> without any parameter recovers
from the last (non-undo) operation. <em>ClearList</em> is used to release the
allocated memory. <em>ClearList</em> is called whenever a new layout is started
or loaded. See also <em>Redo</em>.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>u: Undo()
!Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-778"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-unloading-779"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-unloading-780"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">UnloadVendor()</span></samp>’<dd>Unloads the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> UnloadVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Unselect_0028_0029-781"></a><a name="index-selection-782"></a><a name="index-unselect-objects-783"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Unselect(All|Block|Connection)</span></samp>’<dd>Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all objects which
have been found during the last connection scan.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block)
!Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore)
</pre>
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Translations"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Actions">Actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">7.3 Default Translations</h3>
<p><a name="index-translations-784"></a><a name="index-default-translations-785"></a><a name="index-X11-default-translations-786"></a>
This section covers some default translations of key and button events as
defined in the shipped default application resource file. Most of them have
already been listed in <a href="#Actions">Actions</a>. <code>Pcb</code> makes use of a nice <code>X11</code>
feature; calling several action routines for one event.
<a name="index-removing-objects-787"></a>
<a name="index-removing-connections-788"></a>
<a name="index-object_002c-removing-an-789"></a>
<a name="index-connection_002c-removing-an-790"></a>
<dl><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>BackSpace:</span></samp>’<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<key>Delete:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Shift<Key>BackSpace:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Shift Ctrl<Btn1>:</span></samp>’<dd>The object at the cursor location is removed by <em>None<Key>BackSpace</em> or
<em>Shift Ctrl<Btn1></em> whereas <em>Shift<Key>BackSpace</em> also removes
all other objects that are fully-connected to the one at the cursor location.
<p><a name="index-scrolling-791"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:</span></samp>’<dd>Scroll one page in one of the four directions.
<p><a name="index-scrolling-792"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:</span></samp>’<dd>Move cross hair either one or ten points in grid.
<p><a name="index-user-input-793"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>Return:</span></samp>’<dd>Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs.
<p><a name="index-user-input-794"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Key>Escape:</span></samp>’<dd><em>Mode(Reset)</em>, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of
dialogs or resets all modes.
<p><a name="index-element_002c-move-name-of-795"></a><a name="index-object_002c-move-an-796"></a><a name="index-object_002c-copy-an-797"></a><a name="index-move-an-object-798"></a><a name="index-copy-an-object-799"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:</span></samp>’<dd>The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor location.
The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't available for
element names.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 6 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="File-Formats"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">8 File Formats</h2>
<p><a name="index-file-formats-800"></a><a name="index-ASCII-files_002c-format-of-801"></a>
All files used by <code>Pcb</code> are read from the standard output of a command
or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit <code>ASCII</code>. This
makes it possible to use any editor to change the contents of a layout file.
It is the only way for element or font description files to be created.
To do so you'll need to study the example files <samp><span class="file">example/*</span></samp> and
<samp><span class="file">default_font</span></samp> which are shipped with <code>Pcb</code>.
For an overview refer to <a href="#Intro">Intro</a>.
<p><a name="index-elementCommand-802"></a><a name="index-fileCommand-803"></a><a name="index-fontCommand-804"></a><a name="index-libraryCommand-805"></a><a name="index-libraryContentsCommand-806"></a><a name="index-saveCommand-807"></a>The following sections provide the necessary information about the syntax of
the files.
Netlist files are not created by <code>Pcb</code>, but it does use them. For information
on the format of a netlist file see the <em>:rn</em>,
<a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>.
The commands described allow you to add almost any additional
functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and write access as
well as archives. The commands themselves are defined by the resources
<em>elementCommand</em>, <em>fileCommand</em>, <em>fontCommand</em>,
<em>libraryCommand</em>, <em>libraryContentsCommand</em> and <em>saveCommand</em>.
Note that the commands are not saved along with the data.
It is considered an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary
information, independent of any other files.
<p>One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines,
and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Element-File">Element File</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Font-File">Font File</a>
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Library-File">Library File</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>
<li><a href="#PCBFlags">PCBFlags</a>
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Pad-and-Line-Representation"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.1 Pad and Line Representation</h3>
<p><a name="index-pad-specification-808"></a><a name="index-file-formats_002c-pads-and-lines-809"></a>
Pads and lines (copper traces, silk screen lines, etc) are represented by the
line end points and the aperture used to draw the line. It is important to
understand this when creating the pads for a new footprint. The following figure
illustrates a pad or line which is drawn using a square aperture. The end
points (X0,Y0), (X1,Y1) specify the center of the aperture. The size parameter
specifies the size of the aperture.
<div align="center"><img src="pad.png" alt="Pad Layout"></div>
<p>Pads and lines are represented in this way because this is how lines are
specified in RS-274X (Gerber) files which are used for creating
the masks used in board manufacturing. In fact, older mask making
equipment created lines in precisely this fashion. A physical aperture was
used to pass light through onto a photosensitive film.
<div class="node">
<a name="Layout-File"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Element-File">Element File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.2 Layout File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-layout-files_002c-format-of-810"></a><a name="index-format-of-layout-files-811"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-layout-data-812"></a>
The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias,
elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most
complex file of all. As <code>Pcb</code> has evolved, the file format has
changed several times to accommodate new features. <code>Pcb</code> has
always been able to read all older versions of the <code>.pcb</code> file.
This allows the migration of older designs to newer versions of the
program. Obviously older versions of <code>Pcb</code> will not be able
to properly read layout files stored in newer versions of the file
format.
<p>In practice it is very common for footprint libraries to contain
elements which have been defined in various versions of the <code>Pcb</code>
file format. When faced with trying to understand an element file or
layout file which includes syntax not defined here, the best approach
is to examine the file <samp><span class="file">src/parse_y.y</span></samp> which is the definitive
definition of the file format.
<p>The PCB layout file contains the following contents, in this order (individual items
are defined in <a href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>):
<dl>
<dt><code>PCB</code><dd>This names the board and sets its size
<br><dt><code>Grid</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Cursor</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Flags</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Groups</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Styles</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Symbols</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Vias, Rats, Layers, and Elements</code><dd>These may occur in any order, at this point in the file.
<br><dt><code>Netlists</code><dd>Optional.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Element-File"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-File">Font File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.3 Element File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-element_002c-file-format-813"></a><a name="index-format-of-element-files-814"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-element-data-815"></a>
Element files are used to describe one component which then may be used
several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split the
file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package description.
Using <code>m4</code> allows you to define pin names as macros in one file and
include a package description file which evaluates the macros. See
the resource <em>elementCommand</em> for more information. The pins (and pads)
must appear in sequential order in the element file (new in 1.5) so that
pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file.
<p>Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for several
different circuits. See the sample files <samp><span class="file">dil*</span></samp>.
<p>The lowest x and y coordinates of all sub-objects of an element are
used as an attachment point for the cross hair cursor of the main
window, unless the element has a mark, in which case that's the
attachment point.
<div class="node">
<a name="Font-File"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Element-File">Element File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.4 Font File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-font-file_002c-format-of-816"></a><a name="index-format-of-font-files-817"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-font-data-818"></a>
A number of user defined Symbols are called a font. There is only one per
layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file <samp><span class="file">default_font</span></samp>
as an example.
<p>A font file is simply a text file that contains the defined symbols making
up the font. The font file text can be inserted into a layout file after
the Styles definition.
<p>If a layout file does not contain a font, component labels will be
invisible, although component outlines, pins and pads will be visible.
<p>The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are transformed to (0,0).
<p>Font symbols are typically 4000mil high, and are rendered with SymbolLine
primitives. Arcs and polygons are not supported in font symbols.
<p>A typical symbol:
<pre class="example"> Symbol['"' 1200]
(
SymbolLine[0 1000 0 2334 800]
SymbolLine[1523 1000 1523 2334 800]
)
</pre>
<p>In the example above, 1200 indicates the intercharacter spacing required after the
symbol, in this case the symbol is the double quote '"'. The SymbolLine
definitions define the lines making up the symbol as <code>[x1 y1 x2 y2
linewidth]</code>. Standard height symbols, such as the letter H or N,
span 1000 to 5000 in the y axis, where 0,0 is at the upper left. Taller symbols,
such as a bracket, may span 0 to 6000 in the y axis.
Symbols for use as <code>Pcb</code> fonts can be generated from fonts intended for use in pen plotters
or engravers, known as centerline fonts, or one stroke fonts. Outline fonts, such
as TTF fonts, if converted to <code>Pcb</code> format, are usually converted into polygons which are
incompatible with font symbol rendering.
<p>A practical means by which a new font symbol can be created is to export the character as
an Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) image, and run a utility such as
<code>pstoedit</code> to convert to <code>Pcb</code> compatible line descriptions.
<pre class="example"> pstoedit artwork.eps -psarg "-r1000x1000" -f pcb artwork.pcb
</pre>
<p>The <code>-r1000x1000</code> command makes the paths adhere to a 1000x1000 grid.
The resulting <samp><span class="file">artwork.pcb</span></samp> file can be used to create a font symbol. An efficient way
to convert multiple symbols is to export an entire glyph table as EPS, run the
<code>pstoedit</code> utility to create a PCB file with all of the font symbols of interest, and
after loading the PCB file, select one font symbol at a time and save the PCB file using
<em>CTRL-S</em>. In a console terminal:
<pre class="example"> cat artwork.pcb | grep "elected" > SelectedSymbol.txt
</pre>
<p>will extract the line descriptors for the selected symbol, which can then be used to
create a font symbol, after extraction of the x1,y1,x2,y2 coordinates, followed by suitable
scaling and translation of the coordinates.
<p>A set of font symbols can be combined to create a font file.
<div class="node">
<a name="Netlist-File"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-File">Font File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.5 Netlist File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-netlist_002c-file-format-819"></a><a name="index-netlist_002c-reading-820"></a>
Netlists read by <code>Pcb</code> must have this simple text form:
<pre class="example"> netname [style] NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\]
</pre>
<p class="noindent">for each net on the layout.
where "netname" is the name of the net which must be unique for each
net, [style] is an optional route-style name,
NAME is the layout-name name given to an element,
and PINNUM is the (usually numeric)
pin number of the element that connects to the net
(for details on pin numbering see <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>).
Spaces or tabs separate the fields.
If the line ends with a "\" the
net continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it
were a space. If a NAME ends with a lower-case letter,
all lower-case letters are stripped from the end of the NAME to determine the
matching layout-name name. For example:
<pre class="example"> Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9
</pre>
<p>specifies that the net called "Data" should have
pin 3 of U1 connected to pin 4 of U2, to pin 7 of
FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that element name and
pin number strings are case-sensitive.
It is up to you to name the elements so that their layout-name names
agrees with the netlist.
<div class="node">
<a name="Library-Contents-File"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-File">Library File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.6 Library Contents File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-library-contents-file_002c-format-of-821"></a><a name="index-format-of-library-contents-822"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-library-contents-823"></a>
There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have been
introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) features of GNU
<code>m4</code>. The only predefined format is the one of the contents file
which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic line types:
<pre class="example"> menu entry = "TYPE="name
contents line = template":"package":"value":"description
name = String
template = String
package = String
value = String
description = String
String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r">
</pre>
<p>No leading white spaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you need
either one, define a command that removes them before loading. Have a look
to the <em>libraryContentsCommand</em> resource.
<p>The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of the
library window.
<div class="node">
<a name="Library-File"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.7 Library File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-library-file_002c-format-of-824"></a><a name="index-format-of-libraries-825"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-libraries-826"></a>
This section provides an overview about the existing <code>m4</code> definitions
of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One
to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the
other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 and
62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in the
macro file but are defined with two different value labels.
<p>The macro file entry:
<pre class="example"> define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8')
define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28)
define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600)
define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...')
</pre>
<p>And the list file:
<pre class="example"> 43256_dil:N:43256:62256
</pre>
<p>The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two additional
parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The first one is
the number of pins whereas the second one defines for example the width
of a package.
<p>It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In
the example this would be <em>43256_dil</em> which is also the templates name.
It is required by some low-level macros that
<em>Description_, Param1_, Param2_</em> and <em>PinList_</em> are perpended.
<p>The list file uses a syntax:
<pre class="example"> template:package:value[:more values]
</pre>
<p>This means that the shown example will create two element entries with the
same package and pinout but with different names.
<p>A number of packages are defined in <samp><span class="file">common.m4</span></samp>. Included are:
<pre class="example"> DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P
PLCC
TO3
generic connectors
DIN 41.612 connectors
zick-zack (SD suffix)
15 pin multiwatt
</pre>
<p>If you are going to start your own library please take care about <code>m4</code>
functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check your
additional entry by calling the macro:
<pre class="example"> CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix')
</pre>
<p>If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a out-of-memory
message).
<p>The scripts in the <samp><span class="file">lib</span></samp> directory handle the creation of libraries
as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported.
<p>I know quite well that this description of the library implementation is
not what some out there expect. But in my opinion it's much more useful to
look at the comments and follow the macros step by step.
<div class="node">
<a name="File-Syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-File">Library File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.8 File Syntax</h3>
<p><a name="index-File-syntax-827"></a><a name="index-Syntax_002c-file-828"></a>
<!-- key pcbfile -->
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 140 -->
<p>A special note about units: Older versions of <code>pcb</code> used mils
(1/1000 inch) as the base unit; a value of 500 in the file meant
half an inch. Newer versions uses a "high resolution" syntax,
where the base unit is 1/100 of a mil (0.000010 inch); a value of 500 in
the file means 5 mils. As a general rule, the variants of each entry
listed below which use square brackets are the high resolution formats
and use the 1/100 mil units, and the ones with parentheses are the older
variants and use 1 mil units. Note that when multiple variants
are listed, the most recent (and most preferred) format is the first
listed.
<p>Symbolic and numeric flags (SFlags and NFlags) are described in
<a href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Arc-syntax">Arc syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Attribute-syntax">Attribute syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Connect-syntax">Connect syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Cursor-syntax">Cursor syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#DRC-syntax">DRC syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Element-syntax">Element syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#ElementArc-syntax">ElementArc syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#ElementLine-syntax">ElementLine syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#FileVersion-syntax">FileVersion syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Flags-syntax">Flags syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Grid-syntax">Grid syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Groups-syntax">Groups syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-syntax">Layer syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Line-syntax">Line syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Mark-syntax">Mark syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Net-syntax">Net syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-syntax">Netlist syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Pad-syntax">Pad syntax</a>
<li><a href="#PCB-syntax">PCB syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Pin-syntax">Pin syntax</a>
<li><a href="#PolyArea-syntax">PolyArea syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-syntax">Polygon syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Rat-syntax">Rat syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Styles-syntax">Styles syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Symbol-syntax">Symbol syntax</a>
<li><a href="#SymbolLine-syntax">SymbolLine syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Text-syntax">Text syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Thermal-syntax">Thermal syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Via-syntax">Via syntax</a>
</ul>
<!-- pcbfile Arc -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Arc-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Attribute-syntax">Attribute syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.1 Arc</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 680 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Arc [X Y RadiusX RadiusY Thickness Clearance StartAngle DeltaAngle SFlags]
Arc (X Y RadiusX RadiusY Thickness Clearance StartAngle DeltaAngle NFlags)
Arc (X Y RadiusX RadiusY Thickness StartAngle DeltaAngle NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of the center of the arc.
<br><dt><var>RadiusX RadiusY</var><dd>The RadiusX and RadiusY, from the center to the edge (centerline of the
trace). The bounds of the circle of which this arc is a segment, is
thus 2*RadiusX by 2*RadiusY.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the copper trace which forms the arc.
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>The amount of space cleared around the arc when the line passes
through a polygon. The clearance is added to the thickness to get the
thickness of the clear; thus the space between the arc and the polygon
is Clearance/2 wide.
<br><dt><var>StartAngle</var><dd>The angle of one end of the arc, in degrees. In PCB, an angle of zero
points left (negative X direction), and 90 degrees points down
(positive Y direction).
<br><dt><var>DeltaAngle</var><dd>The sweep of the arc. This may be negative. Positive angles sweep
counterclockwise.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Attribute -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Attribute-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Connect-syntax">Connect syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arc-syntax">Arc syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.2 Attribute</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1289 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Attribute ("Name" "Value")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Attributes allow boards and elements to have arbitrary data attached
to them, which is not directly used by PCB itself but may be of use by
other programs or users.
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of the attribute
<br><dt><var>Value</var><dd>The value of the attribute. Values are always stored as strings, even
if the value is interpreted as, for example, a number.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Connect -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Connect-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cursor-syntax">Cursor syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Attribute-syntax">Attribute syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.3 Connect</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1279 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Connect ("PinPad")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>PinPad</var><dd>The name of a pin or pad which is included in this net. Pin and Pad
names are named by the refdes and pin name, like <code>"U14-7"</code> for
pin 7 of U14, or <code>"T4-E"</code> for pin E of T4.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Cursor -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Cursor-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DRC-syntax">DRC syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Connect-syntax">Connect syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.4 Cursor</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 350 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Cursor [X Y Zoom]
Cursor (X Y Zoom)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Location of the cursor when the board was saved.
As of November 2012 the cursor position is not written to file anymore.
Older versions of pcb ignore the absence of this line in the pcb file.
<br><dt><var>Zoom</var><dd>The current zoom factor. Note that a zoom factor of "0" means 1 mil
per screen pixel, N means 2^N mils per screen pixel, etc. The
first variant accepts floating point numbers. The special value
"1000" means "zoom to fit"
<p>This field is ignored by PCB.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile DRC -->
<div class="node">
<a name="DRC-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Element-syntax">Element syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cursor-syntax">Cursor syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.5 DRC</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 389 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DRC [Bloat Shrink Line Silk Drill Ring]
DRC [Bloat Shrink Line Silk]
DRC [Bloat Shrink Line]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Bloat</var><dd>Minimum spacing between copper.
<br><dt><var>Shrink</var><dd>Minimum copper overlap to guarantee connectivity.
<br><dt><var>Line</var><dd>Minimum line thickness.
<br><dt><var>Silk</var><dd>Minimum silk thickness.
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>Minimum drill size.
<br><dt><var>Ring</var><dd>Minimum width of the annular ring around pins and vias.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Element -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Element-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ElementArc-syntax">ElementArc syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DRC-syntax">DRC syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.6 Element</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 837 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Element [SFlags "Desc" "Name" "Value" MX MY TX TY TDir TScale TSFlags] (
Element (NFlags "Desc" "Name" "Value" MX MY TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
Element (NFlags "Desc" "Name" "Value" TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
Element (NFlags "Desc" "Name" TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
Element ("Desc" "Name" TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
<small class="dots">...</small> contents <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags, for the element as a whole.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags, for the element as a whole.
<br><dt><var>Desc</var><dd>The description of the element. This is one of the three strings
which can be displayed on the screen.
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of the element, usually the reference designator.
<br><dt><var>Value</var><dd>The value of the element.
<br><dt><var>MX MY</var><dd>The location of the element's mark. This is the reference point
for placing the element and its pins and pads.
<br><dt><var>TX TY</var><dd>The upper left corner of the text (one of the three strings).
<br><dt><var>TDir</var><dd>The relative direction of the text. 0 means left to right for
an unrotated element, 1 means up, 2 left, 3 down.
<br><dt><var>TScale</var><dd>Size of the text, as a percentage of the “default” size of of the
font (the default font is about 40 mils high). Default is 100 (40
mils).
<br><dt><var>TSFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags, for the text.
<br><dt><var>TNFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags, for the text.
</dl>
<p>Elements may contain pins, pads, element lines, element arcs,
attributes, and (for older elements) an optional mark. Note that
element definitions that have the mark coordinates in the element
line, only support pins and pads which use relative coordinates. The
pin and pad coordinates are relative to the mark. Element definitions
which do not include the mark coordinates in the element line, may
have a Mark definition in their contents, and only use pin and pad
definitions which use absolute coordinates.
<!-- pcbfile ElementArc -->
<div class="node">
<a name="ElementArc-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ElementLine-syntax">ElementLine syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Element-syntax">Element syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.7 ElementArc</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 948 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ElementArc [X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness]
ElementArc (X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of the center of the arc. These are relative to the
Element's mark point for new element formats, or absolute for older
formats.
<br><dt><var>Width Height</var><dd>The width and height, from the center to the edge. The bounds of the
circle of which this arc is a segment, is thus 2*Width by
2*Height.
<br><dt><var>StartAngle</var><dd>The angle of one end of the arc, in degrees. In PCB, an angle of zero
points left (negative X direction), and 90 degrees points down
(positive Y direction).
<br><dt><var>DeltaAngle</var><dd>The sweep of the arc. This may be negative. Positive angles sweep
counterclockwise.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the silk line which forms the arc.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile ElementLine -->
<div class="node">
<a name="ElementLine-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FileVersion-syntax">FileVersion syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ElementArc-syntax">ElementArc syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.8 ElementLine</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 946 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ElementLine [X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness]
ElementLine (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>Coordinates of the endpoints of the line. These are relative to the
Element's mark point for new element formats, or absolute for older
formats.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the silk for this line.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile FileVersion -->
<div class="node">
<a name="FileVersion-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Flags-syntax">Flags syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ElementLine-syntax">ElementLine syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.9 FileVersion</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 273 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FileVersion[Version]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Version</var><dd>File format version. This version number represents the date when the pcb file
format was last changed.
</dl>
<p>Any version of pcb build from sources equal to or newer
than this number should be able to read the file. If this line is not present
in the input file then file format compatibility is not checked.
<!-- pcbfile Flags -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Flags-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Grid-syntax">Grid syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FileVersion-syntax">FileVersion syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.10 Flags</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 431 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Flags(Number)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Number</var><dd>A number, whose value is normally given in hex, individual bits of which
represent pcb-wide flags as defined in <a href="#PCBFlags">PCBFlags</a>.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Grid -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Grid-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Groups-syntax">Groups syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Flags-syntax">Flags syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.11 Grid</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 309 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Grid [Step OffsetX OffsetY Visible]
Grid (Step OffsetX OffsetY Visible)
Grid (Step OffsetX OffsetY)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Step</var><dd>Distance from one grid point to adjacent points. This value may be a
floating point number for the first two variants.
<br><dt><var>OffsetX OffsetY</var><dd>The "origin" of the grid. Normally zero.
<br><dt><var>Visible</var><dd>If non-zero, the grid will be visible on the screen.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Groups -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Groups-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-syntax">Layer syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Grid-syntax">Grid syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.12 Groups</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 446 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Groups("String")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>String</var><dd>
Encodes the layer grouping information. Each group is separated by a
colon, each member of each group is separated by a comma. Group
members are either numbers from <code>1</code>..<var>N</var> for each layer, and
the letters <code>c</code> or <code>s</code> representing the component side and
solder side of the board. Including <code>c</code> or <code>s</code> marks that
group as being the top or bottom side of the board.
<pre class="example"> Groups("1,2,c:3:4:5,6,s:7,8")
</pre>
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Layer -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Layer-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Line-syntax">Line syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Groups-syntax">Groups syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.13 Layer</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 587 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Layer (LayerNum "Name" "Flags") (
<small class="dots">...</small> contents <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>LayerNum</var><dd>The layer number. Layers are numbered sequentially, starting with 1.
The last two layers (9 and 10 by default) are solder-side silk and
component-side silk, in that order. The two silk layers also mark top and
bottom side; the layer group where the solder-side silk layer is member in
is the solder side group. Analogous for the other side.
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>The layer name.
<p>For layout files predating layer flags the name also defines
the layer type in some situations. For example, a layer named <em>outline</em>
was considered to be the layer defining the extents of the board.
<br><dt><var>Flags</var><dd>Layer flags. Currently this is the layer type, like <em>copper</em>, <em>silk</em>
or <em>outline</em>. For a complete list see layertype_name[] in layerflags.c.
<p>With layer flags missing, the type of layer is guessed at load time, mostly by
the layer name. This mechanism ensures compatibility with older layouts.
<br><dt><var>contents</var><dd>The contents of the layer, which may include attributes, lines, arcs, rectangles,
text, and polygons.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Line -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Line-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Mark-syntax">Mark syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-syntax">Layer syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.14 Line</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 649 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Line [X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Clearance SFlags]
Line (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Clearance NFlags)
Line (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>The end points of the line
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the line
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>The amount of space cleared around the line when the line passes
through a polygon. The clearance is added to the thickness to get the
thickness of the clear; thus the space between the line and the
polygon is Clearance/2 wide.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Mark -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Mark-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Net-syntax">Net syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Line-syntax">Line syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.15 Mark</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 950 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Mark [X Y]
Mark (X Y)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of the Mark, for older element formats that don't have
the mark as part of the Element line.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Net -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Net-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-syntax">Netlist syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Mark-syntax">Mark syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.16 Net</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1256 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Net ("Name" "Style") (
<small class="dots">...</small> connects <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of this net.
<br><dt><var>Style</var><dd>The routing style that should be used when autorouting this net.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Netlist -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Netlist-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pad-syntax">Pad syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Net-syntax">Net syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.17 Netlist</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1235 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Netlist ( ) (
<small class="dots">...</small> nets <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<!-- pcbfile Pad -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Pad-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PCB-syntax">PCB syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-syntax">Netlist syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.18 Pad</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1107 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Pad [rX1 rY1 rX2 rY2 Thickness Clearance Mask "Name" "Number" SFlags]
Pad (rX1 rY1 rX2 rY2 Thickness Clearance Mask "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pad (aX1 aY1 aX2 aY2 Thickness "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pad (aX1 aY1 aX2 aY2 Thickness "Name" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>rX1 rY1 rX2 rY2</var><dd>Coordinates of the endpoints of the pad, relative to the element's
mark. Note that the copper extends beyond these coordinates by half
the thickness. To make a square or round pad, specify the same
coordinate twice.
<br><dt><var>aX1 aY1 aX2 aY2</var><dd>Same, but absolute coordinates of the endpoints of the pad.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>width of the pad.
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>add to thickness to get clearance width.
<br><dt><var>Mask</var><dd>width of solder mask opening.
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>name of pin
<br><dt><var>Number</var><dd>number of pin
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>symbolic or numerical flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>numerical flags only
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile PCB -->
<div class="node">
<a name="PCB-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pin-syntax">Pin syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pad-syntax">Pad syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.19 PCB</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 286 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PCB ["Name" Width Height]
PCB ("Name" Width Height]
PCB ("Name")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>Name of the PCB project
<br><dt><var>Width Height</var><dd>Size of the board
</dl>
<p>If you don't specify the size of the board, a very large default is
chosen.
<!-- pcbfile Pin -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Pin-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PolyArea-syntax">PolyArea syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PCB-syntax">PCB syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.20 Pin</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1034 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Pin [rX rY Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" "Number" SFlags]
Pin (rX rY Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pin (aX aY Thickness Drill "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pin (aX aY Thickness Drill "Name" NFlags)
Pin (aX aY Thickness "Name" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>rX rY</var><dd>coordinates of center, relative to the element's mark
<br><dt><var>aX aY</var><dd>absolute coordinates of center.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>outer diameter of copper annulus
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>add to thickness to get clearance diameter
<br><dt><var>Mask</var><dd>diameter of solder mask opening
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>diameter of drill
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>name of pin
<br><dt><var>Number</var><dd>number of pin
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>symbolic or numerical flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>numerical flags only
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile PolyArea -->
<div class="node">
<a name="PolyArea-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygon-syntax">Polygon syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pin-syntax">Pin syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.21 PolyArea</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 366 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PolyArea [Area]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Area</var><dd>Minimum area of polygon island to retain. If a polygon has clearances that cause an isolated island to be created, then will only be retained if the area exceeds this minimum area.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Polygon -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Polygon-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Rat-syntax">Rat syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PolyArea-syntax">PolyArea syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.22 Polygon</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 763 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Polygon (SFlags) (
<small class="dots">...</small> (X Y) <small class="dots">...</small>
<small class="dots">...</small> [X Y] <small class="dots">...</small>
Hole (
<small class="dots">...</small> (X Y) <small class="dots">...</small>
<small class="dots">...</small> [X Y] <small class="dots">...</small>
)
<small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of each vertex. You must list at least three coordinates.
<br><dt><var>Hole (...)</var><dd>Defines a hole within the polygon's outer contour. There may be zero or more such sections.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Rat -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Rat-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Styles-syntax">Styles syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygon-syntax">Polygon syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.23 Rat</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 572 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Rat [X1 Y1 Group1 X2 Y2 Group2 SFlags]
Rat (X1 Y1 Group1 X2 Y2 Group2 NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>The endpoints of the rat line.
<br><dt><var>Group1 Group2</var><dd>The layer group each end is connected on.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Styles -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Styles-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Symbol-syntax">Symbol syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Rat-syntax">Rat syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.24 Styles</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 461 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Styles("String")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>String</var><dd>
Encodes the four routing styles <code>pcb</code> knows about. The four styles
are separated by colons. Each style consists of five parameters as follows:
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of the style.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>Width of lines and arcs.
<br><dt><var>Diameter</var><dd>Copper diameter of pins and vias.
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>Drill diameter of pins and vias.
<br><dt><var>Keepaway</var><dd>Minimum spacing to other nets. If omitted, 10 mils is the default.
</dl>
</dl>
<pre class="example"> Styles("Signal,10,40,20:Power,25,60,35:Fat,40,60,35:Skinny,8,36,20")
Styles["Logic,1000,3600,2000,1000:Power,2500,6000,3500,1000:
Line,4000,6000,3500,1000:Breakout,600,2402,1181,600"]
</pre>
<p class="noindent">Note that strings in actual files cannot span lines; the above example
is split across lines only to make it readable.
<!-- pcbfile Symbol -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Symbol-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SymbolLine-syntax">SymbolLine syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Styles-syntax">Styles syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.25 Symbol</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1169 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Symbol [Char Delta] (
Symbol (Char Delta) (
<small class="dots">...</small> symbol lines <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Char</var><dd>The character or numerical character value this symbol represents.
Characters must be in single quotes.
<br><dt><var>Delta</var><dd>Additional space to allow after this character.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile SymbolLine -->
<div class="node">
<a name="SymbolLine-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Text-syntax">Text syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Symbol-syntax">Symbol syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.26 SymbolLine</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1218 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SymbolLine [X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness]
SymbolLine (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>The endpoints of this line.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of this line.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Text -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Text-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Thermal-syntax">Thermal syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SymbolLine-syntax">SymbolLine syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.27 Text</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 709 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Text [X Y Direction Scale "String" SFlags]
Text (X Y Direction Scale "String" NFlags)
Text (X Y Direction "String" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>The location of the upper left corner of the text.
<br><dt><var>Direction</var><dd>0 means text is drawn left to right, 1 means up, 2 means right to left
(i.e. upside down), and 3 means down.
<br><dt><var>Scale</var><dd>Size of the text, as a percentage of the “default” size of of the
font (the default font is about 40 mils high). Default is 100 (40
mils).
<br><dt><var>String</var><dd>The string to draw.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Thermal -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Thermal-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Via-syntax">Via syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Text-syntax">Text syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.28 Thermal</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 378 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Thermal [Scale]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Scale</var><dd>Relative size of thermal fingers. A value of 1.0 makes the finger
width twice the clearance gap width (measured across the gap, not
diameter). The normal value is 0.5, which results in a finger width
the same as the clearance gap width.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Via -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Via-syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Thermal-syntax">Thermal syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.29 Via</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 512 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Via [X Y Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" SFlags]
Via (X Y Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" NFlags)
Via (X Y Thickness Clearance Drill "Name" NFlags)
Via (X Y Thickness Drill "Name" NFlags)
Via (X Y Thickness "Name" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>coordinates of center
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>outer diameter of copper annulus
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>add to thickness to get clearance diameter
<br><dt><var>Mask</var><dd>diameter of solder mask opening
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>diameter of drill
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>string, name of via (vias have names?)
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>symbolic or numerical flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>numerical flags only
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile ~objectflags -->
<!-- ./../src/const.h 160 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Object-Flags"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PCBFlags">PCBFlags</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.9 Object Flags</h3>
<p>Note that object flags can be given numerically (like <code>0x0147</code>)
or symbolically (like <code>"found,showname,square"</code>. Some numeric
values are reused for different object types. The table below lists
the numeric value followed by the symbolic name.
<dl>
<dt><code>0x0001 pin</code><dd>If set, this object is a pin. This flag is for internal use only.
<br><dt><code>0x0002 via</code><dd>Likewise, for vias.
<br><dt><code>0x0004 found</code><dd>If set, this object has been found by <code>FindConnection()</code>.
<br><dt><code>0x0008 hole</code><dd>For pins and vias, this flag means that the pin or via is a hole
without a copper annulus.
<br><dt><code>0x0008 nopaste</code><dd>For pads, set to prevent a solderpaste stencil opening for the
pad. Primarily used for pads used as fiducials.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 rat</code><dd>If set for a line, indicates that this line is a rat line instead of a
copper trace.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 pininpoly</code><dd>For pins and pads, this flag is used internally to indicate that the
pin or pad overlaps a polygon on some layer.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 clearpoly</code><dd>For polygons, this flag means that pins and vias will normally clear
these polygons (thus, thermals are required for electrical
connection). When clear, polygons will solidly connect to pins and
vias.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 hidename</code><dd>For elements, when set the name of the element is hidden.
<br><dt><code>0x0020 showname</code><dd>For elements, when set the names of pins are shown.
<br><dt><code>0x0020 clearline</code><dd>For lines and arcs, the line/arc will clear polygons instead of
connecting to them.
<br><dt><code>0x0020 fullpoly</code><dd>For polygons, the full polygon is drawn (i.e. all parts instead of only the biggest one).
<br><dt><code>0x0040 selected</code><dd>Set when the object is selected.
<br><dt><code>0x0080 onsolder</code><dd>For elements and pads, indicates that they are on the solder side.
<br><dt><code>0x0080 auto</code><dd>For lines and vias, indicates that these were created by the
autorouter.
<br><dt><code>0x0100 square</code><dd>For pins and pads, indicates a square (vs round) pin/pad.
<br><dt><code>0x0200 rubberend</code><dd>For lines, used internally for rubber band moves.
<br><dt><code>0x0200 warn</code><dd>For pins, vias, and pads, set to indicate a warning.
<br><dt><code>0x0400 usetherm</code><dd>Obsolete, indicates that pins/vias should be drawn with thermal
fingers.
<br><dt><code>0x0400</code><dd>Obsolete, old files used this to indicate lines drawn on silk.
<br><dt><code>0x0800 octagon</code><dd>Draw pins and vias as octagons.
<br><dt><code>0x1000 drc</code><dd>Set for objects that fail DRC.
<br><dt><code>0x2000 lock</code><dd>Set for locked objects.
<br><dt><code>0x4000 edge2</code><dd>For pads, indicates that the second point is closer to the edge. For
pins, indicates that the pin is closer to a horizontal edge and thus
pinout text should be vertical.
<br><dt><code>0x8000 marker</code><dd>Marker used internally to avoid revisiting an object.
<br><dt><code>0x10000 connected</code><dd>If set, this object has been as physically connected by <code>FindConnection()</code>.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile ~pcbflags -->
<!-- ./../src/const.h 204 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="PCBFlags"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.10 PCBFlags</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>0x00001</code><dd>Pinout displays pin numbers instead of pin names.
<br><dt><code>0x00002</code><dd>Use local reference for moves, by setting the mark at the beginning of
each move.
<br><dt><code>0x00004</code><dd>When set, only polygons and their clearances are drawn, to see if
polygons have isolated regions.
<br><dt><code>0x00008</code><dd>Display DRC region on crosshair.
<br><dt><code>0x00010</code><dd>Do all move, mirror, rotate with rubberband connections.
<br><dt><code>0x00020</code><dd>Display descriptions of elements, instead of refdes.
<br><dt><code>0x00040</code><dd>Display names of elements, instead of refdes.
<br><dt><code>0x00080</code><dd>Auto-DRC flag. When set, PCB doesn't let you place copper that
violates DRC.
<br><dt><code>0x00100</code><dd>Enable 'all-direction' lines.
<br><dt><code>0x00200</code><dd>Switch starting angle after each click.
<br><dt><code>0x00400</code><dd>Force unique names on board.
<br><dt><code>0x00800</code><dd>New lines/arc clear polygons.
<br><dt><code>0x01000</code><dd>Crosshair snaps to pins and pads.
<br><dt><code>0x02000</code><dd>Show the solder mask layer.
<br><dt><code>0x04000</code><dd>Draw with thin lines.
<br><dt><code>0x08000</code><dd>Move items orthogonally.
<br><dt><code>0x10000</code><dd>Draw autoroute paths real-time.
<br><dt><code>0x20000</code><dd>New polygons are full ones.
<br><dt><code>0x40000</code><dd>Names are locked, the mouse cannot select them.
<br><dt><code>0x80000</code><dd>Everything but names are locked, the mouse cannot select anything else.
<br><dt><code>0x100000</code><dd>New polygons are full polygons.
<br><dt><code>0x200000</code><dd>When set, element names are not drawn.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 7 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Library-Creation"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">9 Library Creation</h2>
<p><a name="index-library-creation-829"></a>
This chapter provides a detailed look at how footprint libraries are
created and used. The chapter is split into two section, the first
section covers the "old" style libraries which use the <code>m4</code> macro
processor and the second section covers the "new" style libraries.
<p>Despite the names "old" and "new", both styles of libraries are useful
and the "old" style should not be discounted because of its name. The
advantage of the old style libraries is that one can define a family of
footprints, say a DIP package, and then quickly produce all the members
of that family. Because the individual packages make use of a base
definition, corrections made to the base definition propagate to all the
members of a family. The primary drawback to using this library
approach is that the effort to create a single footprint is more than a
graphical interface and may take even longer if the user has not used
the <code>m4</code> macro language previously.
<p>The new style of footprint libraries stores each footprint in its own
file. The footprints are created graphically by placing pads and then
converting a group of pads to a component. This library method has the
advantage of being quick to learn and it is easily to build single
footprints quickly. If you are building a family of parts, however, the
additional effort in creating each one individually makes this approach
undesirable. In addition, creating a part with a large pin count
can be quite tedious when done by hand.
<h3 class="section">9.1 Old Style (m4) Libraries</h3>
<p>The old style libraries for pcb use the <code>m4</code> macro processor to
allow the definition of a family of parts. There are several files
associated with the old style library. The file <samp><span class="file">common.m4</span></samp> is the
top level file associated with the library. <samp><span class="file">common.m4</span></samp> defines a
few utility macros which are used by other portions of the library,
and then includes a predefined set of library files (the lines like
<code>include(geda.inc)</code>).
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.1 Overview of Oldlib Operation</h4>
<p>The big picture view of the old style library system is that the library
is simply a collection of macro definitions. The macros are written in
the <code>m4</code> macro language. An example of a macro and what it expands
to is the following. One of the predefined footprints in the library
which comes with PCB is the <code>PKG_SO8</code> macro. Note that all the
footprint macros begin with <code>PKG_</code>. For this particular example,
<code>PKG_SO8</code> is a macro for an 8-pin small outline surface mount
package. All of the footprint macros take 3 arguments. The first is the
canonical name of the footprint on the board. In this case "SO8" is an
appropriate name. The second argument is the reference designator on
the board such as "U1" or "U23". The third and final argument is the
value. For an integrated circuit this is usually the part number such
as "MAX4107" or "78L05" and for a component such as a resistor or
capacitor it is the resistance or capacitance. The complete call to the
macro in our example is ‘<samp><span class="samp">PKG_SO8(SO8, U1, MAX4107)</span></samp>’. When
processed by <code>m4</code> using the macros defined in the PCB library, this
macro expands to
<pre class="example"> Element(0x00 "SO8" "U1" "MAX4107" 146 50 3 100 0x00)
(
Pad(10 25 38 25 20 "1" 0x00)
Pad(10 75 38 75 20 "2" 0x100)
Pad(10 125 38 125 20 "3" 0x100)
Pad(10 175 38 175 20 "4" 0x100)
Pad(214 175 242 175 20 "5" 0x100)
Pad(214 125 242 125 20 "6" 0x100)
Pad(214 75 242 75 20 "7" 0x100)
Pad(214 25 242 25 20 "8" 0x100)
ElementLine(0 0 151 0 10)
ElementArc(126 0 25 25 0 180 10)
ElementLine(101 0 252 0 10)
ElementLine(252 0 252 200 10)
ElementLine(252 200 0 200 10)
ElementLine(0 200 0 0 10)
Mark(29 25)
)
</pre>
<p>which is the actual definition of the footprint that the PCB program
works with. As a user of PCB the only time you will need or want to run
<code>m4</code> directly is when you are debugging a new library addition. In
normal operation, the calls to <code>m4</code> are made by helper scripts that
come with PCB.
<p>Tools such as <code>gsch2pcb</code> (used to interface the gEDA schematic
capture program to PCB layout) will call <code>m4</code> to produce an initial
PCB layout that includes all the components on a schematic. In
addition, when manually instantiating parts from within PCB, <code>m4</code>
will be called by PCB's helper scripts to produce the footprints.
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.2 The Library Scripts</h4>
<p>There are several scripts that are used for processing the m4
libraries. This section briefly describes these scripts and details how
they are used by PCB.
<h5 class="subsubsection">9.1.2.1 Scripts Used During Compilation</h5>
<p>The scripts described in this section are used during compilation of
PCB. They are run automatically by the build system, but are described
here to help document the complete library processing that occurs.
During the build of PCB, the following actions are taken. The
<code>CreateLibrary.sh</code> script is run to produce an M4 "frozen file".
This frozen file is simply a partially processed M4 input file which can
be loaded by M4 more quickly than the original input file.
<p>A typical call to <code>CreateLibrary.sh</code> used during the compilation of
PCB is:
<pre class="example"> ./CreateLibrary.sh -I . pcblib ./common.m4 TTL_74xx_DIL.m4
connector.m4 crystal.m4 generic.m4 genericsmt.m4 gtag.m4
jerry.m4 linear.m4 logic.m4 lsi.m4 memory.m4 optical.m4 pci.m4
resistor_0.25W.m4 resistor_adjust.m4 resistor_array.m4
texas_inst_amplifier.m4 texas_inst_voltage_reg.m4
transistor.m4 geda.m4
</pre>
<p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-I .</span></samp>’ says to search in the current directory for the
<samp><span class="file">.m4</span></samp> files. The output frozen file is <samp><span class="file">pcblib</span></samp>. The main
<samp><span class="file">common.m4</span></samp> file is listed as well as all of the <samp><span class="file">*.m4</span></samp> files
which define the components in the library.
<p>In addition, a library contents file is created during the build with
the <code>CreateLibraryContents.sh</code> script.
A typical call to <code>CreateLibrary.sh</code> used during the compilation of
PCB is:
<pre class="example"> ./CreateLibraryContents.sh -I . ./common.m4 TTL_74xx_DIL.list
connector.list crystal.list generic.list genericsmt.list gtag.list
jerry.list linear.list logic.list lsi.list memory.list optical.list
pci.list resistor_0.25W.list resistor_adjust.list resistor_array.list
texas_inst_amplifier.list texas_inst_voltage_reg.list transistor.list
geda.list > pcblib.contents
</pre>
<p>The <samp><span class="file">pcblib.contents</span></samp> file is used by the PCB program to define the
libraries and components which will be displayed when you bring up
the library window from within PCB. An example of part of the
<samp><span class="file">pcblib.contents</span></samp> file is:
<pre class="example"> TYPE=~TTL 74xx DIL
7400_dil:N:7400:4 dual-NAND
7401_dil:N:7401:4 dual-NAND OC
7402_dil:N:7402:4 dual-NOR
TYPE=~geda
geda_DIP6:DIP6:DIP6:Dual in-line package, narrow (300 mil)
geda_DIP8:DIP8:DIP8:Dual in-line package, narrow (300 mil)
geda_DIP14:DIP14:DIP14:Dual in-line package, narrow (300 mil)
geda_ACY300:ACY300:ACY300:Axial non-polar component,
</pre>
<p>The <code>TYPE=</code> lines define the library name that will show up in the
library window in PCB. The other lines define the actual components in
the library.
<h5 class="subsubsection">9.1.2.2 Scripts Used by PCB at Runtime</h5>
<p>When PCB is first executed, it makes a call to the
<code>ListLibraryContents.sh</code> script. This script provides the PCB
program with the contents of the library contents file created when PCB
was compiled. A typical call to <code>ListLibraryContents.sh</code> is
<pre class="example"> ../lib/ListLibraryContents.sh .:/tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib pcblib
</pre>
<p>This command says to search the path
‘<samp><span class="samp">.:/tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib</span></samp>’ for a file called
<samp><span class="file">pcblib.contents</span></samp> (the <samp><span class="file">.contents</span></samp> part is added
automatically) and display the contents of the file.
PCB parses this output and generates the library window entries.
<p>When you pick a library component from the library window, PCB calls the
<code>QueryLibrary.sh</code> script to actually pull the footprint into the
layout. For example, when the ACY300 component is selected from the
<code>~geda</code> library, the generated call may be:
<pre class="example"> /tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib/QueryLibrary.sh
.:/tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib pcblib geda_ACY300 ACY300
ACY300
</pre>
<p>If you were to run this command by hand you would see the PCB code for
the element:
<pre class="example"> Element(0x00 "Axial non-polar component," "" "ACY300" 245 70 0 100 0x00)
(
Pin(0 25 50 20 "1" 0x101)
Pin(300 25 50 20 "2" 0x01)
ElementLine(0 25 75 25 10)
ElementLine(225 25 300 25 10)
ElementLine(75 0 225 0 10)
ElementLine(225 0 225 50 10)
ElementLine(225 50 75 50 10)
ElementLine(75 50 75 0 10)
# ElementArc(X1 Y 50 50 270 180 10)
# ElementArc(X2 Y 50 50 90 180 10)
Mark(75 25)
)
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.3 Creating an Oldlib Footprint</h4>
<p>This section provides a complete example of defining a family of
footprints using the M4 style library. As a vehicle for this example, a
family of footprints for surface mount resistors and capacitors will be
developed. The file <samp><span class="file">example.inc</span></samp> should have been installed on
your system as <samp><span class="file">$prefix/share/examples/oldlib/example.inc</span></samp> where
<samp><span class="file">$prefix</span></samp> is often times <samp><span class="file">/usr/local</span></samp>.
<p>The <samp><span class="file">example.inc</span></samp> file defines a macro called
<code>COMMON_PKG_RCSMT</code> which is a generic definition for a surface
mount footprint with two identical, rectangular pads. This macro will
be called with different parameters to fill out the family of parts.
The arguments to the <code>COMMON_PKG_RCSMT</code> are:
<pre class="example"> # -------------------------------------------------------------------
# the definition for surface mount resistors and capacitors
# $1: canonical name
# $2: name on PCB
# $3: value
# $4: pad width (in direction perpendicular to part)
# $5: pad length (in direction parallel with part)
# $6: pad spacing (center to center)
# $7: distance from edge of pad to silk (in direction
# perpendicular to part)
# $8: distance from edge of pad to silk (in direction parallel
# with part)
# $9: Set to "no" to skip silk screen on the sides of the part
</pre>
<pre class="example"> define(`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT',
`define(`XMIN', `eval( -1*`$6'/2 - `$5'/2 - `$8')')
define(`XMAX', `eval( `$6'/2 + `$5'/2 + `$8')')
define(`YMIN', `eval(-1*`$4'/2 - `$7')')
define(`YMAX', `eval( `$4'/2 + `$7')')
Element(0x00 "$1" "$2" "$3" eval(XMIN+20) eval(YMAX+20) 0 100 0x00)
(
ifelse(0, eval($4>$5),
# Pads which have the perpendicular pad dimension less
# than or equal to the parallel pad dimension
Pad(eval(-1*( $6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0
eval((-1*$6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0 eval($4) "1" 0x100)
Pad(eval(-1*(-1*$6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0
eval(( $6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0 eval($4) "2" 0x100)
,
# Pads which have the perpendicular pad dimension greater
# than or equal to the parallel pad dimension
Pad(eval(-1*$6/2) eval(-1*($4 - $5)/2)
eval(-1*$6/2) eval(($4 - $5)/2) eval($5) "1" 0x100)
Pad(eval( $6/2) eval(-1*($4 - $5)/2)
eval( $6/2) eval(($4 - $5)/2) eval($5) "2" 0x100)
)
# silk screen
# ends
ElementLine(XMIN YMIN XMIN YMAX 10)
ElementLine(XMAX YMAX XMAX YMIN 10)
# sides
ifelse($9,"no",
#skip side silk
,
ElementLine(XMIN YMIN XMAX YMIN 10)
ElementLine(XMAX YMAX XMIN YMAX 10)
)
Mark(0 0)
)')
</pre>
<p>Note that the part has been defined with the mark located at
<code>(0,0)</code> and that the pads have been placed with the mark at the
common centroid of the footprint. While not a requirement, this is
highly desirable when developing a library that will need to interface
with a pick and place machine used for factory assembly of a board.
<p>The final part of <samp><span class="file">example.inc</span></samp> defines particular versions of the
generic footprint we have created. These particular versions correspond
to various industry standard package sizes.
<pre class="example"> # 0402 package
#
# 30x30 mil pad, 15 mil metal-metal spacing=>
# 15 + 15 + 15 = 45 center-to-center
define(`PKG_RC0402',
`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT(`$1', `$2', `$3', 30, 30, 45, 0, 10, "no")')
# 0603 package
#
# 40x40 mil pad, 30 mil metal-metal spacing=>
# 30 + 20 + 20 = 70 center-to-center
define(`PKG_RC0603',
`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT(`$1', `$2', `$3', 40, 40, 70, 10, 10)')
# 1206 package
#
# 40x60 mil pad, 90 mil metal-metal spacing=>
# 90 + 20 + 20 = 130 center-to-center
define(`PKG_RC1206',
`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT(`$1', `$2', `$3', 60, 40, 130, 10, 10)')
</pre>
<p>At this point, the <samp><span class="file">example.inc</span></samp> file could be used by third party
tools such as <code>gsch2pcb</code>. However to fully integrate our
footprints into PCB we need to create the <samp><span class="file">example.m4</span></samp> and
<samp><span class="file">example.list</span></samp> files. The <samp><span class="file">example.m4</span></samp> file defines
descriptions for the new footprints.
<pre class="example"> define(`Description_my_RC0402',
``Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (0402)'')
define(`Description_my_RC0603',
``Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (0603)'')
define(`Description_my_RC1206',
``Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (1206)'')
</pre>
<p>Finally we need to create the <samp><span class="file">example.list</span></samp> file.
<pre class="example"> my_RC0402:RC0402:RES0402
my_RC0402:RC0402:CAP0402
my_RC0603:RC0603:RES0603
my_RC0603:RC0603:CAP0603
my_RC1206:RC1206:RES1206
my_RC1206:RC1206:CAP1206
</pre>
<p>The first field in the list file has the name corresponding to the
Description definitions in <samp><span class="file">example.m4</span></samp>. The second field is the
template name which corresponds to the macros <code>PKG_*</code> we defined in
<samp><span class="file">example.inc</span></samp> with the leading <code>PKG_</code> removed. It is the
second field which controls what footprint will actually appear on the
board. The final
field is the name of the part type on the board. The first line in our
<samp><span class="file">example.list</span></samp> file will produce a menu entry in the library window
that reads:
<pre class="example"> CAP0402, Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (0402)
</pre>
<p>The <code>CAP0402</code> portion comes directly from the third field in
<code>example.list</code> and the longer description comes from descriptions
macros in <code>example.m4</code>. Please note that any extra white space
at the end of a line in the <samp><span class="file">.list</span></samp> files will cause them to
not work properly.
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.4 Troubleshooting Old Style Libraries</h4>
<p>A powerful technique to help debug problems with libraries is to invoke
the <code>m4</code> processor directly. This approach will provide error
output which is not visible from within PCB. The following example
shows how one might try to debug an 8 pin small outline (SO8) package. The
macro name for the package is PKG_SO8. In this example, the
canonical name that is to be associated with the part is SO8, the
reference designator is U1, and the value is MAX4107 (the part number).
<pre class="example"> echo "PKG_SO8(SO8, U1, MAX4107)" | \
gm4 common.m4 - | \
awk '/^[ \t]*$/ {next} {print}' | \
more
</pre>
<p>The <code>awk</code> call simply removes blank lines which make the output
hard to read.
<p>For this particular example, the output is:
<pre class="example"> Element(0x00 "SO8" "U1" "MAX4107" 146 50 3 100 0x00)
(
Pad(10 25 38 25 20 "1" 0x00)
Pad(10 75 38 75 20 "2" 0x100)
Pad(10 125 38 125 20 "3" 0x100)
Pad(10 175 38 175 20 "4" 0x100)
Pad(214 175 242 175 20 "5" 0x100)
Pad(214 125 242 125 20 "6" 0x100)
Pad(214 75 242 75 20 "7" 0x100)
Pad(214 25 242 25 20 "8" 0x100)
ElementLine(0 0 151 0 10)
ElementArc(126 0 25 25 0 180 10)
ElementLine(101 0 252 0 10)
ElementLine(252 0 252 200 10)
ElementLine(252 200 0 200 10)
ElementLine(0 200 0 0 10)
Mark(29 25)
)
</pre>
<h3 class="section">9.2 New Style Libraries</h3>
<p>Footprints for the new style library are created graphically using the
PCB program. A single footprint is saved in each file.
<h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 Creating Newlib Footprints</h4>
<p>To create
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Start PCB with an empty layout.
<li>Make the component layer active.
<li>For a leaded part, select the via tool and place vias where the
pads for the part should go. For surface mount pads, draw line
segments. Note that until the footprint is completed, the surface
mount pads will remain rounded. Currently a rectangle or polygon
may not be used as a pad.
<li>For each via and line segment which will become a pad, select it
and press 'n' to be able to enter a name. Enter
the pin number and press enter.
<li>Make the silk layer active.
<li>Using the line and arc tools, draw a silk screen outline for the
part.
<li>Using the selection tool, select all of the pins and silk screen
for the part.
<li>Place the pointer above the reference point for the part. This is
typically the common centroid. Keeping the pointer there, shift-right-click
to bring up the popup menu and choose "convert
selection to element".
<li>At this point, the vias, line segments, and silk screen will have
been converted to an element. To change any of the line segments to
have square ends rather than round ends, select the pads by holding
down the shift key and clicking each pad with the center mouse button.
Now under the Select menu, "Change square-flag of selected objects"
section, choose "Pins".
<li>Select the element, shift-right-click to bring up the popup menu, and
choose "Copy Selection to Buffer". Now left-click on the center of
the new element.
<li>Under the buffer menu, choose "save buffer elements to file" to
save the new footprint to a file.
<li>Press ESC to exit from buffer mode.
</ol>
<h4 class="subsection">9.2.2 Modifying Newlib Footprints</h4>
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>In the <code>Pcb</code> program, instantiate the footprint you wish to modify.
<li>Using the selection tool, select the footprint.
<li>Now left-click on the selected element, this brings up a popup menu, choose
"Cut to Buffer" from the popup menu.
<li>Under the buffer menu, choose "break buffer element to pieces",
and then left-click to place the broken apart footprint to an open area of
the layout. Note that you must use the items under the buffer menu, the
items with the same names in the popup menu do not work.
<li>Make your desired modifications to the footprint and then convert
the pieces back to an element using the same procedure as when starting
from scratch on a new footprint.
</ol>
<!-- chapter 8 - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Schematic-Frontends"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">10 Schematic Capture for PCB</h2>
<p><a name="index-schematic-capture-830"></a><a name="index-schematic-frontend-831"></a>
When designing a circuit board of any complexity, a schematic capture
front-end for the design is highly desired. Any schematic capture
program which is able to generate a netlist in a user defined format as
well as a bill of materials can be made to work with PCB. Currently, we
are aware of two freely available schematic capture programs which can
interface with PCB. This chapter shows how a design can be taken from
start to finish using either of these two tools for schematic capture
and PCB for layout.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#gEDA">gEDA</a>: Interfacing with GNU EDA (gEDA).
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#xcircuit">xcircuit</a>: Interfacing with xcircuit.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="gEDA"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#xcircuit">xcircuit</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">10.1 gEDA</h3>
<p><a name="index-gschem_002c-how-to-interface-with-832"></a><a name="index-gEDA_002c-how-to-interface-with-833"></a>
This section shows how to use gEDA as the schematic capture front-end for
a PCB design. This section is not intended to be complete documentation
on gEDA and it is assumed that the user has at least some familiarity
with the gEDA suite of programs.
<p>The basic steps in a gEDA + PCB design flow are:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Set up project directories
<li>Set up gEDA (gschem/gnetlist) config files
<li>Set up gsch2pcb config files
<li>Capture schematics using <code>gschem</code> (part of gEDA)
<li>Create any unique PCB footprints needed for the design
<li>Generate initial PCB design using <code>gsch2pcb</code> (part of gEDA)
<li>Layout circuit board using <code>pcb</code>
<li>Make any additional schematic changes with <code>gschem</code> and
forward annotate to PCB with <code>gsch2pcb</code>
<li>Generate photoplot files (RS-274X, also known as "Gerber") for
board vendor
</ol>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.1 Set Up Project Directories</h4>
<p>Although not required, a typical project directory will contain the
schematics and board layout at the top level.
Schematic symbols and circuit board footprints which are unique to this
project are stored in subdirectories. For this example, <samp><span class="file">sym</span></samp>
contains the project specific schematic symbols and <samp><span class="file">pkg</span></samp> contains
the project specific footprints. Set up the project subdirectory and
subdirectories by executing:
<pre class="example"> mkdir ~/myproj
cd ~/myproj
mkdir sym
mkdir pkg
mkdir pkg/newlib
mkdir pkg/m4
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.2 Set Up gEDA Config Files</h4>
<p>The gEDA tools, specifically <code>gschem</code> and <code>gnetlist</code>, use
configuration files to set the search path for symbol libraries in
addition to other user preferences. Create a file in the top level
project directory called <samp><span class="file">gschemrc</span></samp>. Add the following lines to
that file:
<pre class="example">
;; list libraries here. Order matters as it sets the
;; search order
(component-library "./sym")
</pre>
<p>This sets the local search path for the schematic capture program
<code>gschem</code>. Now the netlister, <code>gnetlist</code>, must also be
configured. This can be done by copying the file <samp><span class="file">gschemrc</span></samp> to
<samp><span class="file">gnetlistrc</span></samp> by running ‘<samp><span class="samp">cp gschemrc gnetlistrc</span></samp>’.
Alternatively, you can create a soft link so only a single file needs to
be updated if additional symbol paths are added. The link is created by
running ‘<samp><span class="samp">ln -s gschemrc gnetlistrc</span></samp>’.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.3 Set Up <code>gsch2pcb</code> Config Files</h4>
<p>The program <code>gsch2pcb</code>, not to be confused with the older
<code>gschem2pcb</code> script, is used to link the schematic to layout.
<code>gsch2pcb</code> is responsible for creating the netlist used to provide
connectivity information to PCB as well creating an initial layout with
all components instantiated in the design. Forward annotation of
schematic changes to the layout is also done using <code>gsch2pcb</code>.
<code>gsch2pcb</code> uses a project file to set up the schematic file names,
PCB library locations, and output file names. Create a project file
called <samp><span class="file">project</span></samp> using the following as an example:
<pre class="example">
# List all the schematics to be netlisted
# and laid out on the pc board.
schematics first.sch second.sch third.sch
# For an output-name of foo, gsch2pcb generates files
# foo.net, foo.pcb, and foo.new.pcb. If there is no
# output-name specified, the file names are derived from
# the first listed schematic, i.e. first.net, etc.
output-name preamp
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.4 Capture Schematics Using <code>gschem</code></h4>
<p>This section is fairly brief and assumes familiarity with using the
<code>gschem</code> schematic capture program. As you are creating your
schematics, be sure to observe the following rules:
<ul>
<li>Make sure that each component in the schematic has a
<code>footprint</code> attribute that corresponds to a footprint in the PCB
library or a footprint you plan on creating.
<li>Make sure all reference designators are unique. One way to ensure
this is to run the <code>refdes_renum</code> script (part of gEDA) after the
schematics are created.
</ul>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.5 Create Any Unique PCB Footprints</h4>
<p>Create the new footprints you design needs using either the m4 style or
newlib style of PCB libraries. Refer to <a href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a> for details on this
process. For m4 style footprints, store them in the <samp><span class="file">pkg/m4</span></samp>
subdirectory and for newlib footprints, store them in the
<samp><span class="file">pkg/newlib</span></samp> subdirectory.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.6 Generate Initial PCB Design Using <code>gsch2pcb</code></h4>
<p>The <code>gsch2pcb</code> program connects the schematic and layout. It basic
operation is to call <code>gnetlist</code> to generate the connectivity
netlist that PCB used to verify connectivity and to instantiate all
elements found in the schematic to a new layout.
The default, as of <code>gsch2pcb</code> version 0.9, is to use any found m4
style parts first and then search for newlib style if no old style part
was found. By using the <code>--use-files</code> or <code>-f</code> flag to <code>gsch2pcb</code>
priority is given to newlib style parts even if m4 style are found. You
may wish to verify this in the <code>gsch2pcb</code> documentation in case
this changes in the future.
To start your layout,
run ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsch2pcb project</span></samp>’ where <samp><span class="file">project</span></samp> is the project file
created previously. This will create a new netlist file,
<samp><span class="file">preamp.net</span></samp>, and a new layout file, <samp><span class="file">preamp.pcb</span></samp>.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.7 Layout Circuit Board</h4>
<p>Run PCB on the new layout by running ‘<samp><span class="samp">pcb preamp.pcb</span></samp>’.
Load the netlist file by selecting "load netlist file" from the "file"
menu. In the file selection dialog box, choose <samp><span class="file">preamp.net</span></samp>. This
loads connectivity information into PCB.
<p>Using the selection tool, grab and move apart the various footprints
with the middle mouse button. Once the parts are moved apart from each
other, choose "optimize rats-nest" from the "Connects" menu. This menu
choice will display and optimize the rats nest. Use the rats nest to
help guide placement of the parts. You may wish to re-run the "optimize
rats-nest" command after moving parts around.
<p>After the placement is complete, use the line tool to add traces to the
board. As traces are added, the corresponding rats line will disappear.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.8 Forward Annotation of Schematic Changes</h4>
<p>If schematic changes are made after the layout has started,
<code>gsch2pcb</code> can be used to forward annotate these changes to the
layout. To forward annotate schematic changes, run ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsch2pcb
project</span></samp>’. This command will create the files <samp><span class="file">preamp.new.pcb</span></samp>,
<samp><span class="file">preamp.net</span></samp>, and modify the file <samp><span class="file">preamp.pcb</span></samp>. The
modifications to <samp><span class="file">preamp.pcb</span></samp> include forward annotation of
schematic component value changes, adds any new components, and removes
any deleted components.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.9 Generate Photoplot Files (RS-274X)</h4>
<p>After the layout is complete, choose "edit layer-groupings" from the
"Settings" menu. The LayerGroups form lets you specify which layers
will appear in each output layer group. For example, in the default
form, layer group 1 has "front" and "front side" in it. The
output file <samp><span class="file">1.gbr</span></samp> if DOS file names are used, or
<samp><span class="file">somename_front.gbr</span></samp> if long file names are used will contain the
"front" and "front side" layers in it. Usually the defaults are
sufficient, but this form is still a useful reference.
<p>Choose "print layout..." from the "File" menu. In the print dialog box,
select "Gerber/RS-274X" for the device
driver. Select the "outline", "alignment", and "drillhelper" options.
To get DOS compatible file names, select the "DOS (8.3) names" option,
otherwise enter "preamp" for the filename. Press "OK".
<p>The following output files should have been created in the project directory.
The names in parentheses correspond to the DOS compatible output file names.
<dl>
<dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_frontsilk.gbr (csilk.gbr)</span></samp><dd>Top side silk screen.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_frontmask.gbr (cmask.gbr)</span></samp><dd>Top side soldermask relief.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_front.gbr (1.gbr)</span></samp><dd>Top copper.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_backmask.gbr (smask.gbr)</span></samp><dd>Bottom side soldermask relief.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_back.gbr (2.gbr)</span></samp><dd>Bottom Copper.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_fab.gbr (fab.gbr)</span></samp><dd>Fabrication drawing. Also known as the drill drawing. This drawing is
used for reference by the board vendor but is not directly used in the
fabrication process.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_plated-drill.cnc (pdrill.cnc)</span></samp><dd>NC Drill format file for the plated through holes.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_unplated-drill.cnc (udrill.cnc)</span></samp><dd>NC Drill format file for the unplated through holes.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_bom.txt (bom.txt)</span></samp><dd>A bill of materials for the layout.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">preamp_xy.txt (xy.txt)</span></samp><dd>Centroid (X-Y) data for driving automated assembly equipment.
</dl>
<!-- to include an image: -->
<!-- @image{geda1, 6in, 4in, geda schematic, png} -->
<div class="node">
<a name="xcircuit"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gEDA">gEDA</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">10.2 xcircuit</h3>
<p><a name="index-xcircuit_002c-how-to-interface-with-834"></a><a name="index-xcircuit_002c-how-to-interface-with-835"></a>
If anyone cares to contribute this section, it will get added. Please
submit changes to the bug tracking system for PCB which can be found from
the PCB homepage at <a href="http://pcb.geda-project.org">http://pcb.geda-project.org</a>.
<!-- Appendix A - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Installation"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Installation and Troubleshooting</h2>
<p>Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If any problems
occur, please contact the author <a href="mailto:Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de">Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de</a>, or the
current maintainer <a href="mailto:haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu">haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu</a> to find
a solution and include it into the next release.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#compiling">compiling</a>: Compiling and installing.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#problems">problems</a>: Troubleshooting.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="compiling"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#problems">problems</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">A.1 Compiling and Installing</h3>
<p><a name="index-install_002c-how-to-836"></a><a name="index-compile_002c-how-to-837"></a>
This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the package.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#quickstart">quickstart</a>: Quick start.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#running-configure">running configure</a>: Customizing Pcb with Configure
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="quickstart"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#running-configure">running configure</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#compiling">compiling</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.1.1 Quick Start</h4>
<p><a name="index-GNU-build-system-838"></a>
Starting with version 2.0, <code>Pcb</code> has switched to a GNU
autoconf/automake build system. Installation of <code>Pcb</code> consists of
three steps: configuration, building, and installing.
In a typical installation, these steps are as simple as
<pre class="example"> ./configure
make
make install
</pre>
<div class="node">
<a name="running-configure"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#quickstart">quickstart</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#compiling">compiling</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.1.2 Running the configure Script</h4>
<p><a name="index-GNU-configure-script-839"></a><a name="index-configure-840"></a>
The <code>configure</code> script accepts all of the standard GNU configure
options. For a complete list of configuration options, run
<code>./configure --help</code>.
<a name="index-INFOLIBDIR-841"></a>
<dl><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">INFOLIBDIR</span></samp>’<dd>must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located.
<p><a name="index-PCBLIBDIR-842"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PCBLIBDIR</span></samp>’<dd>is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed.
<p><a name="index-DEFAULTFONT-843"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DEFAULTFONT</span></samp>’<dd>the name of the default font file.
<p><a name="index-DEFAULTLIBRARY-844"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DEFAULTLIBRARY</span></samp>’<dd>the name of the default library.
<p><a name="index-GNUM4-845"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">GNUM4</span></samp>’<dd>the name of GNUs m4 version.
<p><a name="index-BTNMOD-846"></a><br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">BTNMOD</span></samp>’<dd>If your window manager has already bound <em>Mod1</em> together with some
function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true for HP-VUE.
</dl>
<p>If you find things which must be changed to compile on your system,
please add the appropriate autoconf tests (if you are familiar with
that) and mail a copy to the maintainer, harry eaton, at
<a href="mailto:haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu">haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu</a>.
<p>If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run
<samp><span class="file">./pcbtest.sh</span></samp> in the <samp><span class="file">src</span></samp> directory to run <code>Pcb</code> from
the installation directory.
<div class="node">
<a name="problems"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#compiling">compiling</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">A.2 Troubleshooting</h3>
<p><a name="index-problems-847"></a><a name="index-troubleshooting-848"></a>
There are some known problems. Most of them are related to
missing parts of a standard <code>X11</code> distribution. Some others are caused by
third party applications such as <code>X</code> servers. To make this list more
complete please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author.
The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter.
In any case, read <a href="#X11">X11</a>.
<p>By the way, you <code>MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER</code> to make <code>Pcb</code> work.
<p>Another source of problems are older versions of <code>flex</code> and <code>bison</code>.
<code>Pcb</code> definitely works with <code>flex-2.4.7</code> and <code>bison-1.22</code> or
later. The problems will result in a <em>syntax error</em> while parsing files.
This should only be a problem if you have modified the <code>flex</code> or
<code>bison</code> input files.
<p>The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to test
all <code>Pcb</code> releases on all platforms.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#HP">HP</a>: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.*
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Sun">Sun</a>: Sun, Solaris 2.5
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#SGI">SGI</a>: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.*
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a>: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#SCO">SCO</a>: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Linux">Linux</a>: Linux 0.99pl14 and later
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#BSD">BSD</a>: FreeBSD, NetBSD ...
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#X11">X11</a>: Refers to <code>X11R4</code>, <code>X11R5</code>, and <code>OpenWindows</code>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#TeX-and-Manuals">TeX and Manuals</a>: Problems creating the <samp><span class="file">pcb.dvi</span></samp>
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="HP"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sun">Sun</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.1 HP Series 700 and 800</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-849"></a><a name="index-HP-850"></a><a name="index-Hewlett-Packard-851"></a>
You have to install several <code>X11</code> include files
or, better, install a complete <code>X11R5</code> release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't
support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are missing
from the application media, but they are available as a patch.
They also do not ship the <code>ANSI</code> compiler with the normal operating
system release so you have to buy one or use <code>GCC</code>.
Some of the tools are available as patches.
<p>In addition, <code>Pcb</code> has been successfully tested on these platforms with
<code>HPUX 9.*, 10.*</code> running self-compiled <code>X11R5</code>.
<div class="node">
<a name="Sun"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SGI">SGI</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HP">HP</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.2 Sun SPARC architecture</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-852"></a><a name="index-Sun-853"></a><a name="index-Solaris-854"></a><a name="index-OpenWindows-855"></a>
There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use <code>X11R5</code> instead
of <code>OpenWindows</code>. <code>Pcb</code> compiled successfully with all kinds of
SPARCstations <code>Solaris-2.[345]</code>.
<p>For problems with <code>OpenWindows</code> refer to <a href="#X11">X11</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="SGI"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sun">Sun</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.3 Silicon Graphics</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-856"></a><a name="index-Silicon-Graphics-857"></a><a name="index-SGI-858"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> has been tested on some boxes running either <code>IRIX-4.0.5</code> or
<code>IRIX-5.3</code>. The former one uses a <code>X11R4</code> server.
There are no problems.
For known problems
with <code>X11R4</code>, see <a href="#X11">X11</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="DEC-Alpha"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SCO">SCO</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SGI">SGI</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.4 DEC Alpha</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-859"></a><a name="index-DEC-860"></a><a name="index-Alpha-861"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> compiled and runs without problems on <code>DEC UNIX V3.2c</code>.
<div class="node">
<a name="SCO"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Linux">Linux</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.5 SCO Unix</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-862"></a><a name="index-SCO-863"></a><a name="index-PC-UNIX-864"></a>
John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote:
<pre class="example"> <code>SCO-ODT-3.0</code> requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena
widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems
I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially
while loading/dropping elements...
</pre>
<p>I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an <code>SCO</code> system.
<div class="node">
<a name="Linux"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#BSD">BSD</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SCO">SCO</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.6 Linux</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-865"></a><a name="index-Linux-866"></a><a name="index-PC-UNIX-867"></a>
Since the <code>X11</code> version of <code>Pcb</code> has been developed on a Linux
system here are no known problems.
<div class="node">
<a name="BSD"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#X11">X11</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Linux">Linux</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.7 FreeBSD and NetBSD</h4>
<p><a name="index-FreeBSD-868"></a><a name="index-NetBSD-869"></a><a name="index-PC-UNIX-870"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> has been tested on NetBSD and works without any problems.
You may also be able to find a NetBSD package at
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/cad/pcb/README.html">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/cad/pcb/README.html</a> or a
FreeBSD port at
<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/cad/pcb/pkg-descr">http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/cad/pcb/pkg-descr</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="X11"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-and-Manuals">TeX and Manuals</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#BSD">BSD</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.8 Problems related to X11</h4>
<p><a name="index-X11_002c-problems-871"></a>
There are a some problems related to <code>X11R4</code> or systems derived from
<code>X11</code> such as <code>OpenWindows</code>. See <a href="#Sun">Sun</a>. You at least have to change
all occurrences of <em>baseTranslations</em> in the resource files to
<em>translations</em> if you are using a <code>X11R4</code> server. Look at the
<code>X11R5</code> <em>Intrinsics</em> manual for details.
<p>The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release <code>X11R5</code> and
later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets.
With earlier releases the printout will always appear in the center of the
page.
<p>You may have some problems in a mixed <code>X11-OpenWindows</code>
environment.
<p><code>Pcb</code> has been tested successfully with <code>X11R6</code> under Linux 1.1.59
and later.
<div class="node">
<a name="TeX-and-Manuals"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#X11">X11</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.9 Problems related to TeX</h4>
<p><a name="index-TeX_002c-problems-872"></a>
If your <code>TeX</code> installation complains about a missing <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>
file copy the one included in this release (directory <samp><span class="file">doc</span></samp>
to your <code>TeX</code> macro directory.
Note, there are probably newer versions of this file available from some
FTP sites.
<code>TeX-3.0</code> failed, <code>TeX-3.14</code> worked just fine. Check our FTP server
<em>ftp.uni-ulm.de</em> for ready-to-print versions of the manuals.
<!-- Appendix B - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Custom-Menus"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix B Customizing the Menus</h2>
<p>The menu system is driven off a data file that contains
<dfn>resources</dfn>. A resource is a hierarchical description of a data
tree which, in this case, is mapped to the hierarchical menus used by
Pcb.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Resource-Syntax">Resource Syntax</a>: What a resource file looks like.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Menu-Definitions">Menu Definitions</a>: Using a resource to define a menu.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">Menu Files and Defaults</a>: Where Pcb looks for its menu resource.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="Resource-Syntax"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Definitions">Menu Definitions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">B.1 Resource Syntax</h3>
<p>A resource file is a simple text file. It contains curly braces to
group things, spaces between things, and double quotes when strings
need to include spaces. There are four fundamental ways of adding
data to a resource.
<p>First, a string (either a single word or a quoted string with spaces,
we call both “strings” in this appendix) can be added all by itself,
to add a string resource to the current resource. This is used, for
example, to define the string printed on a menu button. In this
example, four strings are added to the <var>File</var> resource:
<pre class="example"> File = {
Sample
"longer sample"
some text
}
</pre>
<p>Second, a named string may be added by giving two strings separated by
an equals sign. This is used to specify X resources and a few other
optional parameters of menus, for example. Note that a string all by
itself is thus an “unnamed” string.
<pre class="example"> {"Layer groups" foreground=red sensitive=false}
</pre>
<p>Third, an unnamed subresource may be added. This is used to create
submenus and menu buttons. To add a subresource, simply group other
things in curly braces. This example describes a resource containing
one string and three subresources:
<pre class="example"> {File
{New do_new()}
{Save do_save()}
{Quit do_quit()}
}
</pre>
<p>Lastly, a named subresource may be added by prefixing an unnamed
subresource with a string and an equals sign, just as when naming
strings. This syntax is used to name the resources used for the main
menu and popup menus:
<pre class="example"> MainMenu = {
...
}
</pre>
<p>Additionally, the menu parser allows for “hooks” whereby portions of
the menu system can be programmatically created at runtime by the
application. These hooks are invoked by a single word proceeded by an
at sign, such as this example where most of the Sizes menu is created
automatically:
<pre class="example"> {Sizes
@sizes
{"Adjust active sizes ..." AdjustStyle(0)}
}
</pre>
<p>In addition to all that, any unquoted pound sign (<code>#</code>) begins a
comment. Commented text continues until the end of the containing
line. Comments may begin at the beginning of a line, or after other
text on the line:
<pre class="example"> # This is a comment
MainMenu = { # This is also a comment
</pre>
<div class="node">
<a name="Menu-Definitions"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">Menu Files and Defaults</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Resource-Syntax">Resource Syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">B.2 Menu Definitions</h3>
<p>To best understand this section, you should find the
<samp><span class="file">pcb-menu.res</span></samp> file that your Pcb uses and refer to it for
examples (see <a href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">Menu Files and Defaults</a>). Note that the lesstif
GUI uses <samp><span class="file">pcb-menu.res</span></samp> and the GTK+ GUI uses <samp><span class="file">gpcb-menu.res</span></samp>.
The file format is identical however and if so desired, one can make
one file be a soft link to the other.
<p>A resource defines a menu when it meets certain semantic requirements.
The menu hierarchy is reflected as a hierarchy of unnamed
subresources, with the first string of each subresource defining the
label used for the menu button. A subresource that itself contains
subresources becomes a submenu, a subresource that does not becomes a
button.
<p>A submenu should only contain subresources for the buttons or submenus
within that submenu. Two exceptions are allowed: an initial string
sets the label, and the string “-” (a single dash) will create a
separator.
<p>A button should not contain subresources, but will contain many
strings, named and unnamed. The first member shall be an unnamed
string which is the label for the button. Any other unnamed strings
within the button's resource will be used as actions (much like the
.Xdefaults action strings), which are functions that will be called
when the button is pressed (or popped up, or created, depending on the
action). As a convenience, if a left parenthesis is seen, the current
“word” will continue at least until the matching right parenthesis.
This allows you to pass strings with spaces as arguments to actions
without needing to quote the action.
<p>Named resources in button resources will be used as X resources. Such
resources can be used to set the font, color, and spacing of buttons.
As a convenience, “fg” can be used as an abbreviation for “foreground”.
<p>Within the menu's resource file, Pcb will look for a few key named
subresources. At the moment, there are just two key named subresources.
<code>MainMenu</code> will be used for the main menu bar and <code>Mouse</code> will be
used to define mouse actions. In the future, other named subresources will
be used for popup resources.
<p>Given all this, a small sample <samp><span class="file">pcb-menu.res</span></samp> would be:
<pre class="example"> MainMenu = {
{File
{"Open..." Load(Layout)}
-
{"Quit" Quit() fg=red font=10x20}
}
}
</pre>
<p>Within the Pcb sources are specially crafted comments that mark all
the actions, flags, menu hooks, and whatnot that Pcb offers. Read the
file <samp><span class="file">src/gather-actions</span></samp> in the Pcb source tree for
documentation for these comments.
<div class="node">
<a name="Menu-Files-and-Defaults"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu-Definitions">Menu Definitions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">B.3 Menu Files and Defaults</h3>
<p>Pcb will look for a file which defines its menus, trying the following
names (the example is for the lesstif GUI, the GTK+ GUI has “gpcb-menu.res”
in place of “pcb-menu.res”):
<pre class="example"> ./pcb-menu.res
$HOME/.pcb-menu.res
$PCBLIBDIR/pcb-menu.res
<internal>
</pre>
<p>Note that <var>pcblibdir</var> defaults to <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/pcb</span></samp>
(hence, <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/pcb/pcb-menu.res</span></samp>). The
<samp><span class="file"><internal></span></samp> entry refers to a menu definition within the Pcb
application itself. The master file for all this is the file
<samp><span class="file">src/pcb-menu.res</span></samp> in the Pcb source tree. This master source is
used to create the internal menu definition as well as being installed
in <samp><span class="file">$pcblibdir</span></samp>.
<!-- Appendix C - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Regular-Expressions"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix C Element Search/Regular Expressions</h2>
<p><a name="index-Element-Search-873"></a><a name="index-Regular-Expressions-874"></a><a name="index-Element-Search-875"></a><a name="index-Regular-Expressions-876"></a>
<h3 class="section">C.1 Element Search/Regular Expressions</h3>
<p><code>Pcb</code>'s search is based on POSIX 1003.2 Regular Expressions. Full POSIX
Regular Expressions are supported by <code>Pcb</code> if the regex library was
available when <code>Pcb</code> was built. One difference from the regular
expressions found in tools like awk or grep is that PCB implicitly
adds a “^” to the begining of a regular expression and “$” to the
end of the regular expression. For example, if you enter “C1”, the
actual regular expression used internally is “^C1$”. Another difference
is that search patterns in pcb are not case sensitive. That is, “CON” is
treated the same as “con”.
<p>It is easier to show by example how to search than explain
POSIX 1003.2. With regular expressions most characters are just
themselves, but some are special:
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’<dd>Matches 0 or more instances of preceding character.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’<dd>Matches 1 or more instances of preceding character.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’<dd>Matches 0 or 1 instances of preceding character.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’<dd>Matches any single character other than the newline character.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’<dd>The vertical bar is the alternation operator. It combines two
regular expressions. The result matches if either of them matches.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’<dd>A backslash indicates the next character should not be interpreted literally
if it normally is, and should be interpreted literally if it normally isn't.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">{n}</span></samp>’<dd>An integer n enclosed in curly brackets matches the preceding item if
it occurs exactly n times.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[ ]</span></samp>’<dd>A pair of square brackets matches every character they contain. Characters
may be given explicitly, or as ranges.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’<dd>A hyphen in the context of square brackets denotes the range between the
preceding and the following character. E.g., the range of digits is
“0-9” . The range of letters from C to K is “C-K” .
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">^ inside square brackets</span></samp>’<dd>Inside square brackets the caret is an anti operator. Its presence makes
the square brackets match anything except the contents of the brackets.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">( )</span></samp>’<dd>Round parenthesis group parts of a regular expression. This is very much
like they do in math formulas.
</dl>
<p>If you need a special character literally, you can escape it with a
backslash.
<p>The following examples illustrate how regular expressions can be used to
specify element names (reference designators) to search for.
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">C5</span></samp>’<dd>Select the element whose name is exactly “C5”.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">C5 | R3</span></samp>’<dd>Select C5 and R3.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">C.*</span></samp>’<dd>Select all elements whose name start with the letter “C”, such as C5, or
C42, or CF1.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">C.*1</span></samp>’<dd>Select all elements that start with “C” and end with “1”, such as C1,
or C51 or C5/9B71.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">R10?</span></samp>’<dd>Search for R1 or R10, but will not select R100 or R105. The question mark
is a quantifier for the character “0”.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">R128+</span></samp>’<dd>Selects R128, R1288, R12888, etc.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TB.</span></samp>’<dd>Select all terminal blocks having exactly one character designator after
“TB” such as TB1, TBA, or TBx but not TB.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TB..</span></samp>’<dd>Select all terminal blocks having a two character designator such as TB21 or
TB1a.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TB.*</span></samp>’<dd>Select all terminal blocks with any designator.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">.*31</span></samp>’<dd>Select all items, whose name ends with “31” such as Q31, or R31, or R531.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Q[12]</span></samp>’<dd>Select Q1 and Q2.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[A-D].*</span></samp>’<dd>Select all items, whose name starts with “A”, “B”, “C”, or “D”.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">.*N{2}.*</span></samp>’<dd>Select all items, whose name contains two “N” in a row such as
CONN23, or connA, but not CON5.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[^D].*</span></samp>’<dd>Select all items that do not start with the letter “D”, such as C2, or
R34, but not D34.
</dl>
<!-- Appendix - drill sizes - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Standard-Drill-Sizes"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix D Standard Drill Size Tables</h2>
<p><a name="index-drill-sizes_002c-list-of-standard-877"></a><a name="index-standard-drill-sizes-878"></a>
<h3 class="section">D.1 American Standard Wire Size Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">97 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0059 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">96 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0063 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">95 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0067
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">94 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0071 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">93 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0075 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">92 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0079
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">91 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0083 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">90 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0087 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">89 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0091
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">88 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0095 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">87 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0100 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">86 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0105
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">85 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0110 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">84 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0115 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">83 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0120
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">82 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0125 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">81 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">80 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0135
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">79 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0145 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">78 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0160 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">77 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0180
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">76 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0200 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">75 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0210 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">74 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0225
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">73 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0240 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">72 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0250 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">71 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0260
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">70 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0280 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">69 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0292 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">68 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0310
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">67 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0320 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">66 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0330 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">65 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0350
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0360 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">63 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0370 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">62 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0380
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">61 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0390 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">60 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0400 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">59 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0410
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">58 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0420 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">57 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0430 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">56 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0465
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">55 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0520 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">54 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0550 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">53 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0595
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">52 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0635 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">51 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0670 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">50 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0700
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">49 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0730 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">48 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0760 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">47 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0785
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">46 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0810 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">45 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0820 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">44 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0860
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">43 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">42 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0935 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">41 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0960
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">40 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0980 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">39 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0995 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">38 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1015
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">37 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1040 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">36 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1065 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">35 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1100
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">34 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1110 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">33 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1160
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">31 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1200 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">30 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1285 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">29 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1360
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">28 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1405 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">27 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1440 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">26 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1470
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">25 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1495 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">24 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1520 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">23 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1540
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">22 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1570 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1590 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">20 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1610
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">19 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1660 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">18 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1695 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">17 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1730
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1770 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1800 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">14 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1820
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">13 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1850 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">12 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1910
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1935 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1960 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1990
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2010 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2040 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2055
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2090 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2210
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2280 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<h3 class="section">D.2 American Standard Letter Size Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">A </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2340 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">B </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2380 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">C </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2420
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">D </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2460 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">E </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2500 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">F </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2570
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">G </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2610 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">H </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2660 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">I </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2720
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">J </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2770 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">K </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2810 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">L </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2900
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">M </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2950 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">N </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3020 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">O </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3160
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">P </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3230 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Q </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3320 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">R </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3390
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">S </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3480 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">T </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3580 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">U </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3680
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">V </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3770 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">W </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3860 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">X </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3970
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Y </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4040 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Z </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<h3 class="section">D.3 Fractional Inch Size Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0156 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0313 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0469
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0625 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0781 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0938
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1094 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1250 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1406
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1562 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1719 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1875
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">13/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2031 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2188 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2344
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1/4 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2500 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">17/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2656 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2812
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">19/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2969 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3125 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3281
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3438 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">23/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3594 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3750
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">25/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3906 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">13/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4062 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">27/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4219
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4375 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">29/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4531 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4688
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">31/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4844 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1/2 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5000 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">33/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5156
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">17/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5313 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">35/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5469 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5625
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">37/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5781 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">19/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5938 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">39/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6094
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6250 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">41/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6406 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6562
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">43/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6719 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6875 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">45/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7031
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">23/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7188 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">47/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7344 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/4 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7500
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">49/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7656 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">25/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7812 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">51/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7969
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">13/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8125 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">53/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8281 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">27/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8438
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">55/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8594 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8750 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">57/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8906
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">29/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9062 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">59/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9219 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9375
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">61/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9531 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">31/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9688 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">63/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9844
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.0000 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<h3 class="section">D.4 Metric Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.00787 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.00984 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0118
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.35 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0138 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0158 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.45 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0177
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0197 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.55 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0217 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0236
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.65 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0256 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0276 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0295
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0315 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.85 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0335 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0354
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.95 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0374 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0394 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.05 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0413
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0433 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.15 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0453 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0472
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0492 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0512 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.35 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0531
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0551 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.45 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0571 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0591
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.55 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0610 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0630 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.65 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0650
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0669 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0689 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0709
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.85 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0728 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0748 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.95 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0768
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0787 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.05 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0807 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0827
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.15 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0846 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0866 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0886
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0906 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.35 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0925 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0945
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.45 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0965 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0984 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.55 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1004
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1024 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.65 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1043 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1063
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1083 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1102 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.85 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1122
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1142 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.95 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1161 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1181
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1220 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.15 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1240 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1260
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1280 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1299 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1339
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1378 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1417 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1457
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1476 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1496 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1535
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1575 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1614 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1654
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1673 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1693 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1732
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1772 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1811 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1850
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1870 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1929
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1969 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2008 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2047
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2067 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2087 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2126
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2165 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2205 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2244
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2264 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2283 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2323
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2362 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2402 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2441
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2461 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2480 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2520
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2559 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2598 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2638
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2657 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2677 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2717
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2756 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2795 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2835
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2854 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2874 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2914
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2953 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2992 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3031
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3150 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3189 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3228
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3248 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3268 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3307
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3346 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3386 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3425
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3445 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3465 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3504
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3543 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3583 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3622
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3642 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3661 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3701
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3740 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3780 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3819
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3839 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3858 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3898
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3937 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3976 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4016
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4035 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4055 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4094
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4134 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4173 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4213
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4252 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4291 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4331
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4370 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4409 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4429
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4449 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4488 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4528
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4567 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4606 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4626
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4646 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4685 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">12.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4724
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">12.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4921 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">13.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5118 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">13.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5315
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">14.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5512 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">14.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5709 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5906
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">15.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6102 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">16.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6299 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">16.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6496
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">17.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6693 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">17.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">18.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7087
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">18.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7283 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">19.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7480 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">19.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7677
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">20.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7874 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">20.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8071 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8268
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">21.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8465 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">22.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8661 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">22.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8858
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">23.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9055 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">23.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9252 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">24.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9449
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">24.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9646 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">25.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9843 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<!-- Appendix - Centroid File Format - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Centroid-File-Format"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Annotation-File-Format">Annotation File Format</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix E Centroid (X-Y) File Format</h2>
<p><a name="index-centroid-file-format-879"></a><a name="index-x_002dy-file-format-880"></a>
<h3 class="section">E.1 Overview</h3>
<h3 class="section">E.2 File Format</h3>
<p>The centroid output file is in a standard comma seperated values (CSV)
format. Comment lines begin with a “#”. The output file contains a
header with a version number for the file format, some comments
containing the author and title of the board, and a comment describing
the remainder of the file format.
<p>An example centroid file is shown below.
<pre class="example">
# PcbXY Version 1.0
# Date: Fri Jul 22 03:40:08 2005 UTC
# Author: PCB User
# Title: MyBoard - PCB X-Y
# RefDes, Description, Value, X, Y, rotation, top/bottom
# X,Y in mils. rotation in degrees.
# --------------------------------------------
R61,"0603","10",2610.00,3560.00,90,top
J5,"AMPHENOL_ARFX1231","unknown",2390.00,4220.00,180,top
C13,"0402","0.01u",2340.00,3014.00,270,top
</pre>
<h3 class="section">E.3 Computation of Centroid and Rotation</h3>
<p><a name="index-centroid-file_002c-algorithms-881"></a><a name="index-x_002dy-file_002c-algorithms-882"></a>The center of each element is found by averaging the (X,Y) coordinates
for the center of each pin and pad in the element. For example if an
element has 2 pins, 1 at (1,0) and another at (1,4) then the centroid
will be at (1,2).
<p>The calculation of rotation is a bit more complex. Currently a
rotation is not stored for each element but rather the rotated element
is stored. In other words if the element from the library has a pin
at (0,0) and (0,2) and it has been rotated by 90 degrees, then the
<samp><span class="file">.pcb</span></samp> file will store (0,0) and (2,0) for the pin locations with
no indication that they have been rotated from the original.
<p>In the event that the element has only 1 pin, then the rotation is set
to zero. If the element has only one pad (as opposed to a
through-hole pin), then the rotation of the pad is used.
<p>When the element has multiple pins, the location of pin #1 is placed
in the coordinate system which has the centroid of the part at (0,0).
Then which quadrant pin #1 falls in determines the rotation. Zero
degrees of rotation is defined as pin #1 being in the upper left
quadrant. Increasing angles correspond to counterclockwise rotation so a
rotation of 90 degrees places pin #1 in the lower left quadrant.
Currently, the only allowed rotations are 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees.
<p>If pin #1 happens to be at the centroid of the part, then pin #2 is
examined to see which quadrant it is located in. The same rules apply
for the definitions of rotation. In other words, when pin #1 is at
the centroid of the part and pin #2 is in the upper left quadrant, the
rotation is declared to be zero degrees.
<!-- Appendix - Annotation File Format - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Annotation-File-Format"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix F Annotation File Format</h2>
<p><a name="index-annotation-file-format-883"></a><a name="index-backannotation-file-format-884"></a>
<h3 class="section">F.1 Overview</h3>
<h3 class="section">F.2 File Format</h3>
<p>The annotation output file an ASCII file that can be used to communicate
layout changes that affect the netlist back to a schematic tool. Currently
the only place this file is used is if when the Renumber() action is called
within Pcb. Renumber() will renumber all the reference designators (instance
names) in the layout. The result of the renumbering will be written out to
an annotation file which can be used to propagate the changes to the schematic
sources. See <a href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a> for details on the Renumber() action. If you
are using gschem (part of gEDA/gaf) as your schematic entry tool then refer
to pcb_backannotate(1) for details on how to use the annotation file to make
the changes to the schematics.
<p>The annotation file format is fairly simple. Each line consists of a command followed
by arguments. Blank lines and lines consisting of only whitespace are ignored.
There are no line continuations.
<p>An example annotation file is shown below.
<pre class="example">
*COMMENT* PCB Annotation File
*FILEVERSION* 20061031
*RENAME* "C17" "C1"
*RENAME* "U5" "U1"
*RENAME* "U6" "U2"
*RENAME* "C21" "C2"
*RENAME* "R14" "R1"
*RENAME* "C7" "C3"
*RENAME* "C8" "C4"
*RENAME* "C6" "C5"
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.1 *COMMENT*</h4>
<p>Command for a comment. The text of a comment is ignored by tools which process
the annotation file.
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">*COMMENT* text
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.2 *FILEVERSION*</h4>
<p>Indicates what version of the annotation file is in use. The date code corresponds to the
date when the current version was added to the Pcb sources.
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">*FILEVERSION* datecode
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.3 *RENAME*</h4>
<p>Renames an element. The arguments are enclosed in double quotes and are the original name
and the new name.
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">*RENAME* “old” “new”
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<!-- Appendix - Actions - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Action-Reference"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glossary">Glossary</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Annotation-File-Format">Annotation File Format</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix G Action Reference</h2>
<p><a name="index-action-reference-885"></a>
<!-- key actions -->
<!-- ./../src/action.c 227 -->
<p>Many actions take a <code>delta</code> parameter as the last parameter,
which is an amount to change something. That <code>delta</code> may include
units, as an additional parameter, such as <code>Action(Object,5,mm)</code>.
If no units are specified, the default is PCB's native units
(currently 1/100 mil). Also, if the delta is prefixed by <code>+</code> or
<code>-</code>, the size is increased or decreased by that amount.
Otherwise, the size size is set to the given amount.
<pre class="example"> Action(Object,5,mil)
Action(Object,+0.5,mm)
Action(Object,-1)
</pre>
<p>Actions which take a <code>delta</code> parameter which do not accept all
these options will specify what they do take.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 231 -->
<!-- ./../src/action.c 229 -->
<p>Many actions act on indicated objects on the board. They will have
parameters like <code>ToggleObject</code> or <code>SelectedVias</code> to indicate
what group of objects they act on. Unless otherwise specified, these
parameters are defined as follows:
<dl>
<dt><code>Object</code><dt><code>ToggleObject</code><dd>Affects the object under the mouse pointer. If this action is invoked
from a menu or script, the user will be prompted to click on an
object, which is then the object affected.
<br><dt><code>Selected</code><dt><code>SelectedObjects</code><dd>
Affects all objects which are currently selected. At least, all
selected objects for which the given action makes sense.
<br><dt><code>SelectedPins</code><dt><code>SelectedVias</code><dt><code>Selected</code><var>Type</var><dt><i>etc</i><dd>Affects all objects which are both selected and of the <var>Type</var> specified.
</dl>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="core-actions"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">G.1 Core actions</h3>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#AddRats-Action">AddRats Action</a>: Add one or more rat lines to the board.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a>: Applies the currently loaded vendor drill table to the current design.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Atomic-Action">Atomic Action</a>: Save or restore the undo serial number.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Attributes-Action">Attributes Action</a>: Let the user edit the attributes of the layout, current or given
layer, or selected element.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">AutoPlaceSelected Action</a>: Auto-place selected components.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#AutoRoute-Action">AutoRoute Action</a>: Auto-route some or all rat lines.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">ChangeClearSize Action</a>: Changes the clearance size of objects.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">ChangeDrillSize Action</a>: Changes the drilling hole size of objects.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#ChangeFlag-Action">ChangeFlag Action</a>: Sets or clears flags on objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeHole-Action">ChangeHole Action</a>: Changes the hole flag of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeJoin-Action">ChangeJoin Action</a>: Changes the join (clearance through polygons) of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>: Sets the name of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">ChangeOctagon Action</a>: Changes the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<li><a href="#ChangePaste-Action">ChangePaste Action</a>: Changes the no paste flag of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangePinName-Action">ChangePinName Action</a>: Sets the name of a specific pin on a specific element.
<li><a href="#ChangeSize-Action">ChangeSize Action</a>: Changes the size of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeSquare-Action">ChangeSquare Action</a>: Changes the square flag of pins and pads.
<li><a href="#ClearOctagon-Action">ClearOctagon Action</a>: Clears the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<li><a href="#ClearSquare-Action">ClearSquare Action</a>: Clears the square-flag of pins and pads.
<li><a href="#ClrFlag-Action">ClrFlag Action</a>: Clears flags on objects.
<li><a href="#Connection-Action">Connection Action</a>: Searches connections of the object at the cursor position.
<li><a href="#Delete-Action">Delete Action</a>: Delete stuff.
<li><a href="#DeleteRats-Action">DeleteRats Action</a>: Delete rat lines.
<li><a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a>: Disables automatic drill size mapping.
<li><a href="#DisperseElements-Action">DisperseElements Action</a>: Disperses elements.
<li><a href="#Display-Action">Display Action</a>: Several display-related actions.
<li><a href="#djopt-Action">djopt Action</a>: Perform various optimizations on the current board.
<li><a href="#DRC-Action">DRC Action</a>: Invoke the DRC check.
<li><a href="#DumpLibrary-Action">DumpLibrary Action</a>: Display the entire contents of the libraries.
<li><a href="#elementlist-Action">elementlist Action</a>: Adds the given element if it doesn't already exist.
<li><a href="#elementsetattr-Action">elementsetattr Action</a>: Sets or clears an element-specific attribute.
<li><a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a>: Enables automatic drill size mapping.
<li><a href="#execcommand-Action">execcommand Action</a>: Runs a command.
<li><a href="#ExecuteFile-Action">ExecuteFile Action</a>: Run actions from the given file.
<li><a href="#Flip-Action">Flip Action</a>: Flip an element to the opposite side of the board.
<li><a href="#FontEdit-Action">FontEdit Action</a>: Convert the current font to a PCB for editing.
<li><a href="#FontSave-Action">FontSave Action</a>: Convert the current PCB back to a font.
<li><a href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">FreeRotateBuffer Action</a>: Rotates the current paste buffer contents by the specified angle. The
angle is given in degrees. If no angle is given, the user is prompted
for one.
<li><a href="#GlobalPuller-Action">GlobalPuller Action</a>: Pull all traces tight.
<li><a href="#Import-Action">Import Action</a>: Import schematics.
<li><a href="#ListLayertypes-Action">ListLayertypes Action</a>: List all available layertypes.
<li><a href="#LoadFootprint-Action">LoadFootprint Action</a>: Loads a single footprint by name.
<li><a href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>: Load layout data from a file.
<li><a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>: Loads the specified vendor resource file.
<li><a href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">MarkCrosshair Action</a>: Set/Reset the Crosshair mark.
<li><a href="#Message-Action">Message Action</a>: Writes a message to the log window.
<li><a href="#MinClearGap-Action">MinClearGap Action</a>: Ensures that polygons are a minimum distance from objects.
<li><a href="#MinMaskGap-Action">MinMaskGap Action</a>: Ensures the mask is a minimum distance from pins and pads.
<li><a href="#Mode-Action">Mode Action</a>: Change or use the tool mode.
<li><a href="#MorphPolygon-Action">MorphPolygon Action</a>: Converts dead polygon islands into separate polygons.
<li><a href="#MoveLayer-Action">MoveLayer Action</a>: Moves/Creates/Deletes Layers.
<li><a href="#MoveObject-Action">MoveObject Action</a>: Moves the object under the crosshair.
<li><a href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">MoveToCurrentLayer Action</a>: Moves objects to the current layer.
<li><a href="#Netlist-Action">Netlist Action</a>: Perform various actions on netlists.
<li><a href="#New-Action">New Action</a>: Starts a new layout.
<li><a href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">OptAutoOnly Action</a>: Toggles the optimize-only-autorouted flag.
<li><a href="#PasteBuffer-Action">PasteBuffer Action</a>: Various operations on the paste buffer.
<li><a href="#Polygon-Action">Polygon Action</a>: Some polygon related stuff.
<li><a href="#Puller-Action">Puller Action</a>: Pull an arc-line junction tight.
<li><a href="#Quit-Action">Quit Action</a>: Quits the application after confirming.
<li><a href="#Redo-Action">Redo Action</a>: Redo recent``undo''operations.
<li><a href="#Relocate-Action">Relocate Action</a>
<li><a href="#RemoveSelected-Action">RemoveSelected Action</a>: Removes any selected objects.
<li><a href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a>: Renumber all elements. The changes will be recorded to filename
for use in backannotating these changes to the schematic.
<li><a href="#RenumberBlock-Action">RenumberBlock Action</a>
<li><a href="#RenumberBuffer-Action">RenumberBuffer Action</a>
<li><a href="#Report-Action">Report Action</a>: Produce various report.
<li><a href="#ReportDialog-Action">ReportDialog Action</a>: Report on the object under the crosshair
<li><a href="#RipUp-Action">RipUp Action</a>: Ripup auto-routed tracks, or convert an element to parts.
<li><a href="#RouteStyle-Action">RouteStyle Action</a>: Copies the indicated routing style into the current sizes.
<li><a href="#SaveSettings-Action">SaveSettings Action</a>: Saves settings.
<li><a href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>: Saves data to a file.
<li><a href="#Select-Action">Select Action</a>: Toggles or sets the selection.
<li><a href="#SetFlag-Action">SetFlag Action</a>: Sets flags on objects.
<li><a href="#SetLayertype-Action">SetLayertype Action</a>: Sets the type of a layer. Type can be given by name or by number.
For a list of available types, run ListLayertypes().
<li><a href="#SetOctagon-Action">SetOctagon Action</a>: Sets the octagon-flag of objects.
<li><a href="#SetSame-Action">SetSame Action</a>: Sets current layer and sizes to match indicated item.
<li><a href="#SetSquare-Action">SetSquare Action</a>: sets the square-flag of objects.
<li><a href="#SetThermal-Action">SetThermal Action</a>: Set the thermal (on the current layer) of pins or vias to the given style.
Style = 0 means no thermal.
Style = 1 has diagonal fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 2 has horizontal and vertical fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 3 is a solid connection to the plane.
Style = 4 has diagonal fingers with rounded edges.
Style = 5 has horizontal and vertical fingers with rounded edges.
<li><a href="#SetValue-Action">SetValue Action</a>: Change various board-wide values and sizes.
<li><a href="#SmartDisperse-Action">SmartDisperse Action</a>
<li><a href="#Teardrops-Action">Teardrops Action</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleHideName-Action">ToggleHideName Action</a>: Toggles the visibility of element names.
<li><a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a>: Toggles the state of automatic drill size mapping.
<li><a href="#Undo-Action">Undo Action</a>: Undo recent changes.
<li><a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a>: Unloads the current vendor drill mapping table.
<li><a href="#Unselect-Action">Unselect Action</a>: Unselects the object at the pointer location or the specified objects.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="AddRats-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.1 AddRats</h4>
<!-- key AddRats in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats|Close)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Add one or more rat lines to the board.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3354 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>AllRats</code><dd>Create rat lines for all loaded nets that aren't already connected on
with copper.
<br><dt><code>SelectedRats</code><dd>Similarly, but only add rat lines for nets connected to selected pins
and pads.
<br><dt><code>Close</code><dd>Selects the shortest unselected rat on the board.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="ApplyVendor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Atomic-Action">Atomic Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#AddRats-Action">AddRats Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.2 ApplyVendor</h4>
<!-- key ApplyVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ApplyVendor()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Applies the currently loaded vendor drill table to the current design.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 108 -->
<a name="index-vendor-map-886"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-887"></a><a name="index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-888"></a>
This will modify all of your drill holes to match the list of allowed
sizes for your vendor.
<div class="node">
<a name="Atomic-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Attributes-Action">Attributes Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.3 Atomic</h4>
<!-- key Atomic in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Atomic(Save|Restore|Close|Block)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Save or restore the undo serial number.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1727 -->
<p>This action allows making multiple-action bindings into an atomic
operation that will be undone by a single Undo command. For example,
to optimize rat lines, you'd delete the rats and re-add them. To
group these into a single undo, you'd want the deletions and the
additions to have the same undo serial number. So, you <code>Save</code>,
delete the rats, <code>Restore</code>, add the rats - using the same serial
number as the deletes, then <code>Block</code>, which checks to see if the
deletions or additions actually did anything. If not, the serial
number is set to the saved number, as there's nothing to undo. If
something did happen, the serial number is incremented so that these
actions are counted as a single undo step.
<dl>
<dt><code>Save</code><dd>Saves the undo serial number.
<br><dt><code>Restore</code><dd>Returns it to the last saved number.
<br><dt><code>Close</code><dd>Sets it to 1 greater than the last save.
<br><dt><code>Block</code><dd>Does a Restore if there was nothing to undo, else does a Close.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Attributes-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">AutoPlaceSelected Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Atomic-Action">Atomic Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.4 Attributes</h4>
<!-- key Attributes in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Attributes(Layout|Layer|Element)
Attributes(Layer,layername)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Let the user edit the attributes of the layout, current or given
layer, or selected element.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 6861 -->
<p>This just pops up a dialog letting the user edit the attributes of the
pcb, an element, or a layer.
<div class="node">
<a name="AutoPlaceSelected-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#AutoRoute-Action">AutoRoute Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Attributes-Action">Attributes Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.5 AutoPlaceSelected</h4>
<!-- key AutoPlaceSelected in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AutoPlaceSelected()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Auto-place selected components.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3495 -->
<p>Attempts to re-arrange the selected components such that the nets
connecting them are minimized. Note that you cannot undo this.
<div class="node">
<a name="AutoRoute-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">ChangeClearSize Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">AutoPlaceSelected Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.6 AutoRoute</h4>
<!-- key AutoRoute in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AutoRoute(AllRats|SelectedRats)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Auto-route some or all rat lines.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3516 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>AllRats</code><dd>Attempt to autoroute all rats.
<br><dt><code>SelectedRats</code><dd>Attempt to autoroute the selected rats.
</dl>
<p>Before autorouting, it's important to set up a few things. First,
make sure any layers you aren't using are disabled, else the
autorouter may use them. Next, make sure the current line and via
styles are set accordingly. Last, make sure "new lines clear
polygons" is set, in case you eventually want to add a copper pour.
<p>Autorouting takes a while. During this time, the program may not be
responsive.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeClearSize-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">ChangeDrillSize Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#AutoRoute-Action">AutoRoute Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.7 ChangeClearSize</h4>
<!-- key ChangeClearSize in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeClearSize(Object, delta)
ChangeClearSize(SelectedPins|SelectedPads|SelectedVias, delta)
ChangeClearSize(SelectedLines|SelectedArcs, delta
ChangeClearSize(Selected|SelectedObjects, delta)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the clearance size of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3734 -->
<p>If the solder mask is currently showing, this action changes the
solder mask clearance. If the mask is not showing, this action
changes the polygon clearance.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeDrillSize-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeFlag-Action">ChangeFlag Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">ChangeClearSize Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.8 ChangeDrillSize</h4>
<!-- key ChangeDrillSize in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeDrillSize(Object, delta)
ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected|SelectedObjects, delta)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the drilling hole size of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3678 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeFlag-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeHole-Action">ChangeHole Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">ChangeDrillSize Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.9 ChangeFlag</h4>
<!-- key ChangeFlag in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeFlag(Object|Selected|SelectedObjects, flag, value)
ChangeFlag(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, flag, value)
ChangeFlag(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, flag, value)
ChangeFlag(SelectedElements, flag, value)
flag = square | octagon | thermal | join
value = 0 | 1
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets or clears flags on objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5835 -->
<p>Toggles the given flag on the indicated object(s). The flag may be
one of the flags listed above (square, octagon, thermal, join). The
value may be the number 0 or 1. If the value is 0, the flag is
cleared. If the value is 1, the flag is set.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeHole-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeJoin-Action">ChangeJoin Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeFlag-Action">ChangeFlag Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.10 ChangeHole</h4>
<!-- key ChangeHole in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeHole(ToggleObject|Object|SelectedVias|Selected)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the hole flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4634 -->
<p>The "hole flag" of a via determines whether the via is a
plated-through hole (not set), or an unplated hole (set).
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeJoin-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeHole-Action">ChangeHole Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.11 ChangeJoin</h4>
<!-- key ChangeJoin in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeJoin(ToggleObject|SelectedLines|SelectedArcs|Selected)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the join (clearance through polygons) of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4262 -->
<p>The join flag determines whether a line or arc, drawn to intersect a
polygon, electrically connects to the polygon or not. When joined,
the line/arc is simply drawn over the polygon, making an electrical
connection. When not joined, a gap is drawn between the line and the
polygon, insulating them from each other.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeName-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">ChangeOctagon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeJoin-Action">ChangeJoin Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.12 ChangeName</h4>
<!-- key ChangeName in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeName(Object)
ChangeName(Layout|Layer)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the name of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4068 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Object</code><dd>Changes the name of the element under the cursor.
<br><dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Changes the name of the layout. This is printed on the fab drawings.
<br><dt><code>Layer</code><dd>Changes the name of the currently active layer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeOctagon-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangePaste-Action">ChangePaste Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.13 ChangeOctagon</h4>
<!-- key ChangeOctagon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeOctagon(Object|ToggleObject|SelectedObjects|Selected)
ChangeOctagon(SelectedElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4466 -->
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangePaste-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangePinName-Action">ChangePinName Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">ChangeOctagon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.14 ChangePaste</h4>
<!-- key ChangePaste in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangePaste(ToggleObject|Object|SelectedPads|Selected)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the no paste flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4674 -->
<p>The "no paste flag" of a pad determines whether the solderpaste
stencil will have an opening for the pad (no set) or if there wil be
no solderpaste on the pad (set). This is used for things such as
fiducial pads.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangePinName-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeSize-Action">ChangeSize Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangePaste-Action">ChangePaste Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.15 ChangePinName</h4>
<!-- key ChangePinName in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangePinName(ElementName,PinNumber,PinName)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the name of a specific pin on a specific element.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3987 -->
<p>This can be especially useful for annotating pin names from a
schematic to the layout without requiring knowledge of the pcb file
format.
<pre class="example"> ChangePinName(U3, 7, VCC)
</pre>
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeSize-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeSquare-Action">ChangeSquare Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangePinName-Action">ChangePinName Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.16 ChangeSize</h4>
<!-- key ChangeSize in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeSize(Object, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedObjects|Selected, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedElements, delta)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the size of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3588 -->
<p>For lines and arcs, this changes the width. For pins and vias, this
changes the overall diameter of the copper annulus. For pads, this
changes the width and, indirectly, the length. For texts and names,
this changes the scaling factor. For elements, this changes the width
of the silk layer lines and arcs for this element.
<div class="node">
<a name="ChangeSquare-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ClearOctagon-Action">ClearOctagon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeSize-Action">ChangeSize Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.17 ChangeSquare</h4>
<!-- key ChangeSquare in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeSquare(ToggleObject)
ChangeSquare(SelectedElements|SelectedPins)
ChangeSquare(Selected|SelectedObjects)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the square flag of pins and pads.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4313 -->
<p>Note that <code>Pins</code> means both pins and pads.
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<a name="ClearOctagon-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ClearSquare-Action">ClearSquare Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeSquare-Action">ChangeSquare Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.18 ClearOctagon</h4>
<!-- key ClearOctagon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ClearOctagon(ToggleObject|Object|SelectedObjects|Selected)
ClearOctagon(SelectedElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Clears the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4578 -->
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<a name="ClearSquare-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ClrFlag-Action">ClrFlag Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ClearOctagon-Action">ClearOctagon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.19 ClearSquare</h4>
<!-- key ClearSquare in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ClearSquare(ToggleObject|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Clears the square-flag of pins and pads.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4415 -->
<p>Note that <code>Pins</code> means pins and pads.
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<a name="ClrFlag-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Connection-Action">Connection Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ClearSquare-Action">ClearSquare Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.20 ClrFlag</h4>
<!-- key ClrFlag in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ClrFlag(Object|Selected|SelectedObjects, flag)
ClrFlag(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, flag)
ClrFlag(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, flag)
ClrFlag(SelectedElements, flag)
flag = square | octagon | thermal | join
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Clears flags on objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5818 -->
<p>Turns the given flag off, regardless of its previous setting. See
<code>ChangeFlag</code>.
<pre class="example"> ClrFlag(SelectedLines,join)
</pre>
<div class="node">
<a name="Connection-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Delete-Action">Delete Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ClrFlag-Action">ClrFlag Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.21 Connection</h4>
<!-- key Connection in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Connection(Find|ResetLinesAndPolygons|ResetPinsAndVias|Reset)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Searches connections of the object at the cursor position.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2125 -->
<p>Connections found with this action will be highlighted in the
“connected-color” color and will have the “found” flag set.
<dl>
<dt><code>Find</code><dd>The net under the cursor is “found”.
<br><dt><code>ResetLinesAndPolygons</code><dd>Any “found” lines and polygons are marked “not found”.
<br><dt><code>ResetPinsAndVias</code><dd>Any “found” pins and vias are marked “not found”.
<br><dt><code>Reset</code><dd>All “found” objects are marked “not found”.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Delete-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DeleteRats-Action">DeleteRats Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Connection-Action">Connection Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.22 Delete</h4>
<!-- key Delete in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Delete(Object|Selected)
Delete(AllRats|SelectedRats)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Delete stuff.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3416 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="DeleteRats-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Delete-Action">Delete Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.23 DeleteRats</h4>
<!-- key DeleteRats in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DeleteRats(AllRats|Selected|SelectedRats)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Delete rat lines.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3463 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="DisableVendor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DisperseElements-Action">DisperseElements Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DeleteRats-Action">DeleteRats Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.24 DisableVendor</h4>
<!-- key DisableVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DisableVendor()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Disables automatic drill size mapping.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 157 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-889"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-890"></a><a name="index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-891"></a>
When drill mapping is enabled, new instances of pins and vias will
have their drill holes mapped to one of the allowed drill sizes
specified in the currently loaded vendor drill table.
<div class="node">
<a name="DisperseElements-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Display-Action">Display Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.25 DisperseElements</h4>
<!-- key DisperseElements in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DisperseElements(All|Selected)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Disperses elements.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2179 -->
<p>Normally this is used when starting a board, by selecting all elements
and then dispersing them. This scatters the elements around the board
so that you can pick individual ones, rather than have all the
elements at the same 0,0 coordinate and thus impossible to choose
from.
<div class="node">
<a name="Display-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#djopt-Action">djopt Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DisperseElements-Action">DisperseElements Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.26 Display</h4>
<!-- key Display in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Display(NameOnPCB|Description|Value)
Display(Grid|Redraw)
Display(CycleClip|CycleCrosshair|Toggle45Degree|ToggleStartDirection)
Display(ToggleGrid|ToggleRubberBandMode|ToggleUniqueNames)
Display(ToggleMask|ToggleName|ToggleClearLine|ToggleFullPoly|ToggleSnapPin)
Display(ToggleThindraw|ToggleThindrawPoly|ToggleOrthoMove|ToggleLocalRef)
Display(ToggleCheckPlanes|ToggleShowDRC|ToggleAutoDRC)
Display(ToggleLiveRoute|LockNames|OnlyNames)
Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Several display-related actions.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2295 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>NameOnPCB</code><br><dt><code>Description</code><br><dt><code>Value</code><dd>Specify whether all elements show their name, description, or value.
<br><dt><code>Redraw</code><dd>Redraw the whole board.
<br><dt><code>Toggle45Degree</code><dd>When clear, lines can be drawn at any angle. When set, lines are
restricted to multiples of 45 degrees and requested lines may be
broken up according to the clip setting.
<br><dt><code>CycleClip</code><dd>Changes the way lines are restricted to 45 degree increments. The
various settings are: straight only, orthogonal then angled, and angled
then orthogonal. If AllDirections is set, this action disables it.
<br><dt><code>CycleCrosshair</code><dd>Changes crosshair drawing. Crosshair may accept form of 4-ray,
8-ray and 12-ray cross.
<br><dt><code>ToggleRubberBandMode</code><dd>If set, moving an object moves all the lines attached to it too.
<br><dt><code>ToggleStartDirection</code><dd>If set, each time you set a point in a line, the Clip toggles between
orth-angle and angle-ortho.
<br><dt><code>ToggleUniqueNames</code><dd>If set, you will not be permitted to change the name of an element to
match that of another element.
<br><dt><code>ToggleSnapPin</code><dd>If set, pin centers and pad end points are treated as additional grid
points that the cursor can snap to.
<br><dt><code>ToggleLocalRef</code><dd>If set, the mark is automatically set to the beginning of any move, so
you can see the relative distance you've moved.
<br><dt><code>ToggleThindraw</code><dd>If set, objects on the screen are drawn as outlines (lines are drawn
as center-lines). This lets you see line endpoints hidden under pins,
for example.
<br><dt><code>ToggleThindrawPoly</code><dd>If set, polygons on the screen are drawn as outlines.
<br><dt><code>ToggleShowDRC</code><dd>If set, pending objects (i.e. lines you're in the process of drawing)
will be drawn with an outline showing how far away from other copper
you need to be.
<br><dt><code>ToggleLiveRoute</code><dd>If set, the progress of the autorouter will be visible on the screen.
<br><dt><code>ToggleAutoDRC</code><dd>If set, you will not be permitted to make connections which violate
the current DRC and netlist settings.
<br><dt><code>ToggleCheckPlanes</code><dd>If set, lines and arcs aren't drawn, which usually leaves just the
polygons. If you also disable all but the layer you're interested in,
this allows you to check for isolated regions.
<br><dt><code>ToggleOrthoMove</code><dd>If set, the crosshair is only allowed to move orthogonally from its
previous position. I.e. you can move an element or line up, down,
left, or right, but not up+left or down+right.
<br><dt><code>ToggleName</code><dd>Selects whether the pinouts show the pin names or the pin numbers.
<br><dt><code>ToggleLockNames</code><dd>If set, text will ignore left mouse clicks and actions that work on
objects under the mouse. You can still select text with a lasso (left
mouse drag) and perform actions on the selection.
<br><dt><code>ToggleOnlyNames</code><dd>If set, only text will be sensitive for mouse clicks and actions that
work on objects under the mouse. You can still select other objects
with a lasso (left mouse drag) and perform actions on the selection.
<br><dt><code>ToggleMask</code><dd>Turns the solder mask on or off.
<br><dt><code>ToggleClearLine</code><dd>When set, the clear-line flag causes new lines and arcs to have their
“clear polygons” flag set, so they won't be electrically connected
to any polygons they overlap.
<br><dt><code>ToggleFullPoly</code><dd>When set, the full-poly flag causes new polygons to have their
“full polygon” flag set, so all parts of them will be displayed
instead of only the biggest one.
<br><dt><code>ToggleGrid</code><dd>Resets the origin of the current grid to be wherever the mouse pointer
is (not where the crosshair currently is). If you provide two numbers
after this, the origin is set to that coordinate.
<br><dt><code>Grid</code><dd>Toggles whether the grid is displayed or not.
<br><dt><code>Pinout</code><dd>Causes the pinout of the element indicated by the cursor to be
displayed, usually in a separate window.
<br><dt><code>PinOrPadName</code><dd>Toggles whether the names of pins, pads, or (yes) vias will be
displayed. If the cursor is over an element, all of its pins and pads
are affected.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="djopt-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DRC-Action">DRC Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Display-Action">Display Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.27 djopt</h4>
<!-- key djopt in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">djopt(debumpify|unjaggy|simple|vianudge|viatrim|orthopull|splitlines)
djopt(auto) - all of the above
djopt(miter)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Perform various optimizations on the current board.
<!-- ./../src/djopt.c 2866 -->
<p>The different types of optimizations change your board in order to
reduce the total trace length and via count.
<dl>
<dt><code>debumpify</code><dd>Looks for U-shaped traces that can be shortened or eliminated.
<p>Example:
<p>Before debumpify:
<div align="center"><img src="debumpify.png" alt="Example pcb before debumpify"></div>
<p>After debumpify:
<div align="center"><img src="debumpify.out.png" alt="Example pcb after debumpify"></div>
<br><dt><code>unjaggy</code><dd>Looks for corners which could be flipped to eliminate one or more
corners (i.e. jaggy lines become simpler).
<p>Example:
<p>Before unjaggy:
<div align="center"><img src="unjaggy.png" alt="Example pcb before unjaggy"></div>
<p>After unjaggy:
<div align="center"><img src="unjaggy.out.png" alt="Example pcb after unjaggy"></div>
<br><dt><code>simple</code><dd>Removing uneeded vias, replacing two or more trace segments in a row
with a single segment. This is usually performed automatically after
other optimizations.
<br><dt><code>vianudge</code><dd>Looks for vias where all traces leave in the same direction. Tries to
move via in that direction to eliminate one of the traces (and thus a
corner).
<p>Example:
<p>Before vianudge:
<div align="center"><img src="vianudge.png" alt="Example pcb before vianudge"></div>
<p>After vianudge:
<div align="center"><img src="vianudge.out.png" alt="Example pcb after vianudge"></div>
<br><dt><code>viatrim</code><dd>Looks for traces that go from via to via, where moving that trace to a
different layer eliminates one or both vias.
<p>Example:
<p>Before viatrim:
<div align="center"><img src="viatrim.png" alt="Example pcb before viatrim"></div>
<p>After viatrim:
<div align="center"><img src="viatrim.out.png" alt="Example pcb after viatrim"></div>
<br><dt><code>orthopull</code><dd>Looks for chains of traces all going in one direction, with more
traces orthogonal on one side than on the other. Moves the chain in
that direction, causing a net reduction in trace length, possibly
eliminating traces and/or corners.
<p>Example:
<p>Before orthopull:
<div align="center"><img src="orthopull.png" alt="Example pcb before orthopull"></div>
<p>After orthopull:
<div align="center"><img src="orthopull.out.png" alt="Example pcb after orthopull"></div>
<br><dt><code>splitlines</code><dd>Looks for lines that pass through vias, pins, or pads, and splits them
into separate lines so they can be managed separately.
<br><dt><code>auto</code><dd>Performs the above options, repeating until no further optimizations
can be made.
<br><dt><code>miter</code><dd>Replaces 90 degree corners with a pair of 45 degree corners, to reduce
RF losses and trace length.
<p>Example:
<p>Before miter:
<div align="center"><img src="miter.png" alt="Example pcb before miter"></div>
<p>After miter:
<div align="center"><img src="miter.out.png" alt="Example pcb after miter"></div>
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="DRC-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DumpLibrary-Action">DumpLibrary Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#djopt-Action">djopt Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.28 DRC</h4>
<!-- key DRC in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DRC()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Invoke the DRC check.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1762 -->
<p>Note that the design rule check uses the current board rule settings,
not the current style settings.
<div class="node">
<a name="DumpLibrary-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#elementlist-Action">elementlist Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DRC-Action">DRC Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.29 DumpLibrary</h4>
<!-- key DumpLibrary in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DumpLibrary()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Display the entire contents of the libraries.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1798 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="elementlist-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#elementsetattr-Action">elementsetattr Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DumpLibrary-Action">DumpLibrary Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.30 elementlist</h4>
<!-- key elementlist in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ElementList(Start|Done|Need,<refdes>,<footprint>,<value>)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Adds the given element if it doesn't already exist.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 6068 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Start</code><dd>Indicates the start of an element list; call this before any Need
actions.
<br><dt><code>Need</code><dd>Searches the board for an element with a matching refdes.
<p>If found, the value and footprint are updated.
<p>If not found, a new element is created with the given footprint and value.
<br><dt><code>Done</code><dd>Compares the list of elements needed since the most recent
<code>start</code> with the list of elements actually on the board. Any
elements that weren't listed are selected, so that the user may delete
them.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="elementsetattr-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#elementlist-Action">elementlist Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.31 elementsetattr</h4>
<!-- key elementsetattr in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ElementSetAttr(refdes,name[,value])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets or clears an element-specific attribute.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 6266 -->
<p>If a value is specified, the named attribute is added (if not already
present) or changed (if it is) to the given value. If the value is
not specified, the given attribute is removed if present.
<div class="node">
<a name="EnableVendor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#execcommand-Action">execcommand Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#elementsetattr-Action">elementsetattr Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.32 EnableVendor</h4>
<!-- key EnableVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">EnableVendor()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Enables automatic drill size mapping.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 142 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-892"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-893"></a><a name="index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-894"></a>
When drill mapping is enabled, new instances of pins and vias will
have their drill holes mapped to one of the allowed drill sizes
specified in the currently loaded vendor drill table. To enable drill
mapping, a vendor resource file containing a drill table must be
loaded first.
<div class="node">
<a name="execcommand-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ExecuteFile-Action">ExecuteFile Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.33 execcommand</h4>
<!-- key execcommand in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ExecCommand(command)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Runs a command.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 6324 -->
<p>Runs the given command, which is a system executable.
<div class="node">
<a name="ExecuteFile-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Flip-Action">Flip Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#execcommand-Action">execcommand Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.34 ExecuteFile</h4>
<!-- key ExecuteFile in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ExecuteFile(filename)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Run actions from the given file.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5946 -->
<p>Lines starting with <code>#</code> are ignored.
<div class="node">
<a name="Flip-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FontEdit-Action">FontEdit Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ExecuteFile-Action">ExecuteFile Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.35 Flip</h4>
<!-- key Flip in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Flip(Object|Selected|SelectedElements)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Flip an element to the opposite side of the board.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1848 -->
<p>Note that the location of the element will be symmetric about the
cursor location; i.e. if the part you are pointing at will still be at
the same spot once the element is on the other side. When flipping
multiple elements, this retains their positions relative to each
other, not their absolute positions on the board.
<div class="node">
<a name="FontEdit-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FontSave-Action">FontSave Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Flip-Action">Flip Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.36 FontEdit</h4>
<!-- key FontEdit in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FontEdit()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Convert the current font to a PCB for editing.
<!-- ./../src/fontmode.c 75 -->
<p>This command only allows a font to be edited if the layout being edited contains
font symbols. The existing font symbols are displayed on a layer with an overlaid
grid, with the new version of the font on another layer which can be modified.
Font symbols consist only of lines. The blue lines next to the font symbols
indicate the space required after the symbol when it is used.
<div class="node">
<a name="FontSave-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">FreeRotateBuffer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FontEdit-Action">FontEdit Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.37 FontSave</h4>
<!-- key FontSave in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FontSave()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Convert the current PCB back to a font.
<!-- ./../src/fontmode.c 175 -->
<p>Once a font has been modified with the FontEdit command, the layout can be saved
as a new PCB layout. The new PCB layout can then be opened with a text editor so
that the font section can be removed and saved as a new "default_font" file for
use in other PCB layouts.
<div class="node">
<a name="FreeRotateBuffer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#GlobalPuller-Action">GlobalPuller Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FontSave-Action">FontSave Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.38 FreeRotateBuffer</h4>
<!-- key FreeRotateBuffer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FreeRotateBuffer([Angle])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Rotates the current paste buffer contents by the specified angle. The
angle is given in degrees. If no angle is given, the user is prompted
for one.
<!-- ./../src/buffer.c 1361 -->
<p>Rotates the contents of the pastebuffer by an arbitrary angle. If no
angle is given, the user is prompted for one.
<div class="node">
<a name="GlobalPuller-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Import-Action">Import Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">FreeRotateBuffer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.39 GlobalPuller</h4>
<!-- key GlobalPuller in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">GlobalPuller()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Pull all traces tight.
<!-- ./../src/puller.c 550 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Import-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ListLayertypes-Action">ListLayertypes Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#GlobalPuller-Action">GlobalPuller Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.40 Import</h4>
<!-- key Import in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Import()
Import([gnetlist|make[,source,source,...]])
Import(setnewpoint[,(mark|center|X,Y)])
Import(setdisperse,D,units)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Import schematics.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 6560 -->
<p>Imports element and netlist data from the schematics (or some other
source). The first parameter, which is optional, is the mode. If not
specified, the <code>import::mode</code> attribute in the PCB is used.
<code>gnetlist</code> means gnetlist is used to obtain the information from
the schematics. <code>make</code> invokes <code>make</code>, assuming the user
has a <code>Makefile</code> in the current directory. The <code>Makefile</code>
will be invoked with the following variables set:
<dl>
<dt><code>PCB</code><dd>The name of the .pcb file
<br><dt><code>SRCLIST</code><dd>A space-separated list of source files
<br><dt><code>OUT</code><dd>The name of the file in which to put the command script, which may
contain any <code>Pcb</code> actions. By default, this is a temporary file
selected by <code>Pcb</code>, but if you specify an <code>import::outfile</code>
attribute, that file name is used instead (and not automatically
deleted afterwards).
</dl>
<p>The target specified to be built is the first of these that apply:
<ul>
<li>The target specified by an <code>import::target</code> attribute.
<li>The output file specified by an <code>import::outfile</code> attribute.
<li>If nothing else is specified, the target is <code>pcb_import</code>.
</ul>
<p>If you specify an <code>import::makefile</code> attribute, then "-f <that
file>" will be added to the command line.
<p>If you specify the mode, you may also specify the source files
(schematics). If you do not specify any, the list of schematics is
obtained by reading the <code>import::src</code><var>N</var> attributes (like
<code>import::src0</code>, <code>import::src1</code>, etc).
<p>For compatibility with future extensions to the import file format,
the generated file <em>must not</em> start with the two characters
<code>#%</code>.
<p>If a temporary file is needed the <code>TMPDIR</code> environment variable
is used to select its location.
<p>Note that the programs <code>gnetlist</code> and <code>make</code> may be
overridden by the user via the <code>make-program</code> and <code>gnetlist</code>
<code>pcb</code> settings (i.e. in <code>~/.pcb/settings</code> or on the command
line).
<p>If <code>Pcb</code> cannot determine which schematic(s) to import from, the GUI
is called to let user choose (see <code>ImportGUI()</code>).
<p>Note that Import() doesn't delete anything - after an Import, elements
which shouldn't be on the board are selected and may be removed once
it's determined that the deletion is appropriate.
<p>If <code>Import()</code> is called with <code>setnewpoint</code>, then the location
of new components can be specified. This is where parts show up when
they're added to the board. The default is the center of the board.
<dl>
<dt><code>Import(setnewpoint)</code><dd>
Prompts the user to click on the board somewhere, uses that point. If
called by a hotkey, uses the current location of the crosshair.
<br><dt><code>Import(setnewpoint,mark)</code><dd>
Uses the location of the mark. If no mark is present, the point is
not changed.
<br><dt><code>Import(setnewpoint,center)</code><dd>
Resets the point to the center of the board.
<br><dt><code>Import(setnewpoint,X,Y,units)</code><dd>
Sets the point to the specific coordinates given. Example:
<code>Import(setnewpoint,50,25,mm)</code>
</dl>
<p>Note that the X and Y locations are stored in attributes named
<code>import::newX</code> and <code>import::newY</code> so you could change them
manually if you wished.
<p>Calling <code>Import(setdisperse,D,units)</code> sets how much the newly
placed elements are dispersed relative to the set point. For example,
<code>Import(setdisperse,10,mm)</code> will offset each part randomly up to
10mm away from the point. The default dispersion is 1/10th of the
smallest board dimension. Dispersion is saved in the
<code>import::disperse</code> attribute.
<div class="node">
<a name="ListLayertypes-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LoadFootprint-Action">LoadFootprint Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Import-Action">Import Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.41 ListLayertypes</h4>
<!-- key ListLayertypes in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ListLayertypes()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>List all available layertypes.
<!-- ./../src/layerflags.c 144 -->
<p>Lists all available layer types. These are the valid types for the second
argument of see <a href="#SetLayertype-Action">SetLayertype Action</a> or when editing the layout file with
a text editor.
<div class="node">
<a name="LoadFootprint-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ListLayertypes-Action">ListLayertypes Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.42 LoadFootprint</h4>
<!-- key LoadFootprint in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadFootprint(filename[,refdes,value])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads a single footprint by name.
<!-- ./../src/buffer.c 799 -->
<p>Loads a single footprint by name, rather than by reference or through
the library. If a refdes and value are specified, those are inserted
into the footprint as well. The footprint remains in the paste buffer.
<div class="node">
<a name="LoadFrom-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LoadFootprint-Action">LoadFootprint Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.43 LoadFrom</h4>
<!-- key LoadFrom in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadFrom(Layout|LayoutToBuffer|ElementToBuffer|Netlist|Revert,filename)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Load layout data from a file.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5115 -->
<p>This action assumes you know what the filename is. The various GUIs
should have a similar <code>Load</code> action where the filename is
optional, and will provide their own file selection mechanism to let
you choose the file name.
<dl>
<dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Loads an entire PCB layout, replacing the current one.
<br><dt><code>LayoutToBuffer</code><dd>Loads an entire PCB layout to the paste buffer.
<br><dt><code>ElementToBuffer</code><dd>Loads the given element file into the paste buffer. Element files
contain only a single <code>Element</code> definition, such as the
“newlib” library uses.
<br><dt><code>Netlist</code><dd>Loads a new netlist, replacing any current netlist.
<br><dt><code>Revert</code><dd>Re-loads the current layout from its disk file, reverting any changes
you may have made.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="LoadVendorFrom-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">MarkCrosshair Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.44 LoadVendorFrom</h4>
<!-- key LoadVendorFrom in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadVendorFrom(filename)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads the specified vendor resource file.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 197 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-895"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-896"></a><a name="index-LoadVendorFrom_0028_0029-897"></a>
<dl>
<dt><var>filename</var><dd>Name of the vendor resource file. If not specified, the user will
be prompted to enter one.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="MarkCrosshair-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Message-Action">Message Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.45 MarkCrosshair</h4>
<!-- key MarkCrosshair in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MarkCrosshair()
MarkCrosshair(Center)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set/Reset the Crosshair mark.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3547 -->
<p>The “mark” is a small X-shaped target on the display which is
treated like a second origin (the normal origin is the upper let
corner of the board). The GUI will display a second set of
coordinates for this mark, which tells you how far you are from it.
<p>If no argument is given, the mark is toggled - disabled if it was
enabled, or enabled at the current cursor position of disabled. If
the <code>Center</code> argument is given, the mark is moved to the current
cursor location.
<div class="node">
<a name="Message-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MinClearGap-Action">MinClearGap Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">MarkCrosshair Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.46 Message</h4>
<!-- key Message in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Message(message)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Writes a message to the log window.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1893 -->
<p>This action displays a message to the log window. This action is primarily
provided for use by other programs which may interface with PCB. If
multiple arguments are given, each one is sent to the log window
followed by a newline.
<div class="node">
<a name="MinClearGap-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MinMaskGap-Action">MinMaskGap Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Message-Action">Message Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.47 MinClearGap</h4>
<!-- key MinClearGap in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MinClearGap(delta)
MinClearGap(Selected, delta)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Ensures that polygons are a minimum distance from objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3890 -->
<p>Checks all specified objects, and increases the polygon clearance if
needed to ensure a minimum distance between their edges and the
polygon edges.
<div class="node">
<a name="MinMaskGap-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Mode-Action">Mode Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MinClearGap-Action">MinClearGap Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.48 MinMaskGap</h4>
<!-- key MinMaskGap in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MinMaskGap(delta)
MinMaskGap(Selected, delta)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Ensures the mask is a minimum distance from pins and pads.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3803 -->
<p>Checks all specified pins and/or pads, and increases the mask if
needed to ensure a minimum distance between the pin or pad edge and
the mask edge.
<div class="node">
<a name="Mode-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MorphPolygon-Action">MorphPolygon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MinMaskGap-Action">MinMaskGap Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.49 Mode</h4>
<!-- key Mode in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Mode(Arc|Arrow|Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Lock|Move|None|PasteBuffer)
Mode(Polygon|Rectangle|Remove|Rotate|Text|Thermal|Via)
Mode(Notify|Release|Cancel|Stroke)
Mode(Save|Restore)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Change or use the tool mode.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2654 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Arc</code><dt><code>Arrow</code><dt><code>Copy</code><dt><code>InsertPoint</code><dt><code>Line</code><dt><code>Lock</code><dt><code>Move</code><dt><code>None</code><dt><code>PasteBuffer</code><dt><code>Polygon</code><dt><code>Rectangle</code><dt><code>Remove</code><dt><code>Rotate</code><dt><code>Text</code><dt><code>Thermal</code><dt><code>Via</code><dd>Select the indicated tool.
<br><dt><code>Notify</code><dd>Called when you press the mouse button, or move the mouse.
<br><dt><code>Release</code><dd>Called when you release the mouse button.
<br><dt><code>Cancel</code><dd>Cancels any pending tool activity, allowing you to restart elsewhere.
For example, this allows you to start a new line rather than attach a
line to the previous line.
<br><dt><code>Escape</code><dd>Similar to Cancel but calling this action a second time will return
to the Arrow tool.
<br><dt><code>Stroke</code><dd>If your <code>pcb</code> was built with libstroke, this invokes the stroke
input method. If not, this will restart a drawing mode if you were
drawing, else it will select objects.
<br><dt><code>Save</code><dd>Remembers the current tool.
<br><dt><code>Restore</code><dd>Restores the tool to the last saved tool.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="MorphPolygon-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MoveLayer-Action">MoveLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Mode-Action">Mode Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.50 MorphPolygon</h4>
<!-- key MorphPolygon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MorphPolygon(Object|Selected)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Converts dead polygon islands into separate polygons.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4150 -->
<p>If a polygon is divided into unconnected "islands", you can use
this command to convert the otherwise disappeared islands into
separate polygons. Be sure the cursor is over a portion of the
polygon that remains visible. Very small islands that may flake
off are automatically deleted.
<div class="node">
<a name="MoveLayer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MoveObject-Action">MoveObject Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MorphPolygon-Action">MorphPolygon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.51 MoveLayer</h4>
<!-- key MoveLayer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MoveLayer(old,new)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves/Creates/Deletes Layers.
<!-- ./../src/move.c 1091 -->
<p>Moves a layer, creates a new layer, or deletes a layer.
<dl>
<dt><code>old</code><dd>The is the layer number to act upon. Allowed values are:
<dl>
<dt><code>c</code><dd>Currently selected layer.
<br><dt><code>-1</code><dd>Create a new layer.
<br><dt><code>number</code><dd>An existing layer number.
</dl>
<br><dt><code>new</code><dd>Specifies where to move the layer to. Allowed values are:
<dl>
<dt><code>-1</code><dd>Deletes the layer.
<br><dt><code>up</code><dd>Moves the layer up.
<br><dt><code>down</code><dd>Moves the layer down.
<br><dt><code>c</code><dd>Creates a new layer.
</dl>
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="MoveObject-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">MoveToCurrentLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MoveLayer-Action">MoveLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.52 MoveObject</h4>
<!-- key MoveObject in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MoveObject(X,Y,dim)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves the object under the crosshair.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5652 -->
<p>The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> are treated like <code>delta</code> is for many
other objects. For each, if it's prefixed by <code>+</code> or <code>-</code>,
then that amount is relative. Otherwise, it's absolute. Units can be
<code>mil</code> or <code>mm</code>; if unspecified, units are PCB's internal
units, currently 1/100 mil.
<div class="node">
<a name="MoveToCurrentLayer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-Action">Netlist Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MoveObject-Action">MoveObject Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.53 MoveToCurrentLayer</h4>
<!-- key MoveToCurrentLayer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves objects to the current layer.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5694 -->
<p>Note that moving an element from a component layer to a solder layer,
or from solder to component, won't automatically flip it. Use the
<code>Flip()</code> action to do that.
<div class="node">
<a name="Netlist-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#New-Action">New Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">MoveToCurrentLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.54 Netlist</h4>
<!-- key Netlist in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Net(find|select|rats|norats|clear[,net[,pin]])
Net(freeze|thaw|forcethaw)
Net(add,net,pin)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Perform various actions on netlists.
<!-- ./../src/netlist.c 293 -->
<p>Each of these actions apply to a specified set of nets. <var>net</var> and
<var>pin</var> are patterns which match one or more nets or pins; these
patterns may be full names or regular expressions. If an exact match
is found, it is the only match; if no exact match is found,
<em>then</em> the pattern is tried as a regular expression.
<p>If neither <var>net</var> nor <var>pin</var> are specified, all nets apply. If
<var>net</var> is specified but not <var>pin</var>, all nets matching <var>net</var>
apply. If both are specified, nets which match <var>net</var> and contain
a pin matching <var>pin</var> apply.
<dl>
<dt><code>find</code><dd>Nets which apply are marked <em>found</em> and are drawn in the
<code>connected-color</code> color.
<br><dt><code>select</code><dd>Nets which apply are selected.
<br><dt><code>rats</code><dd>Nets which apply are marked as available for the rats nest.
<br><dt><code>norats</code><dd>Nets which apply are marked as not available for the rats nest.
<br><dt><code>clear</code><dd>Clears the netlist.
<br><dt><code>add</code><dd>Add the given pin to the given netlist, creating either if needed.
<br><dt><code>sort</code><dd>Called after a list of add's, this sorts the netlist.
<br><dt><code>freeze</code><dt><code>thaw</code><dt><code>forcethaw</code><dd>Temporarily prevents changes to the netlist from being reflected in
the GUI. For example, if you need to make multiple changes, you
freeze the netlist, make the changes, then thaw it. Note that
freeze/thaw requests may nest, with the netlist being fully thawed
only when all pending freezes are thawed. You can bypass the nesting
by using forcethaw, which resets the freeze count and immediately
updates the GUI.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="New-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">OptAutoOnly Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-Action">Netlist Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.55 New</h4>
<!-- key New in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">New([name])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Starts a new layout.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5177 -->
<p>If a name is not given, one is prompted for.
<div class="node">
<a name="OptAutoOnly-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PasteBuffer-Action">PasteBuffer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#New-Action">New Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.56 OptAutoOnly</h4>
<!-- key OptAutoOnly in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">OptAutoOnly()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles the optimize-only-autorouted flag.
<!-- ./../src/djopt.c 131 -->
<p>The original purpose of the trace optimizer was to clean up the traces
created by the various autorouters that have been used with PCB. When
a board has a mix of autorouted and carefully hand-routed traces, you
don't normally want the optimizer to move your hand-routed traces.
But, sometimes you do. By default, the optimizer only optimizes
autorouted traces. This action toggles that setting, so that you can
optimize hand-routed traces also.
<div class="node">
<a name="PasteBuffer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygon-Action">Polygon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">OptAutoOnly Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.57 PasteBuffer</h4>
<!-- key PasteBuffer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..MAX_BUFFER)
PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)
PasteBuffer(Convert|Save|Restore|Mirror)
PasteBuffer(ToLayout, X, Y, units)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Various operations on the paste buffer.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5237 -->
<p>There are a number of paste buffers; the actual limit is a
compile-time constant <code>MAX_BUFFER</code> in <samp><span class="file">globalconst.h</span></samp>. It
is currently <code>5</code>. One of these is the “current” paste buffer,
often referred to as “the” paste buffer.
<dl>
<dt><code>AddSelected</code><dd>Copies the selected objects to the current paste buffer.
<br><dt><code>Clear</code><dd>Remove all objects from the current paste buffer.
<br><dt><code>Convert</code><dd>Convert the current paste buffer to an element. Vias are converted to
pins, lines are converted to pads.
<br><dt><code>Restore</code><dd>Convert any elements in the paste buffer back to vias and lines.
<br><dt><code>Mirror</code><dd>Flip all objects in the paste buffer vertically (up/down flip). To mirror
horizontally, combine this with rotations.
<br><dt><code>Rotate</code><dd>Rotates the current buffer. The number to pass is 1..3, where 1 means
90 degrees counter clockwise, 2 means 180 degrees, and 3 means 90
degrees clockwise (270 CCW).
<br><dt><code>Save</code><dd>Saves any elements in the current buffer to the indicated file.
<br><dt><code>ToLayout</code><dd>Pastes any elements in the current buffer to the indicated X, Y
coordinates in the layout. The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> are treated like
<code>delta</code> is for many other objects. For each, if it's prefixed by
<code>+</code> or <code>-</code>, then that amount is relative to the last
location. Otherwise, it's absolute. Units can be
<code>mil</code> or <code>mm</code>; if unspecified, units are PCB's internal
units, currently 1/100 mil.
<br><dt><code>1..MAX_BUFFER</code><dd>Selects the given buffer to be the current paste buffer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Polygon-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Puller-Action">Puller Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PasteBuffer-Action">PasteBuffer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.58 Polygon</h4>
<!-- key Polygon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Polygon(Close|PreviousPoint)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Some polygon related stuff.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5588 -->
<p>Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier.
<dl>
<dt><code>Close</code><dd>Creates the final segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping
to 45 degree lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued.
<br><dt><code>PreviousPoint</code><dd>Resets the newly entered corner to the previous one. The Undo action
will call Polygon(PreviousPoint) when appropriate to do so.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Puller-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Quit-Action">Quit Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygon-Action">Polygon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.59 Puller</h4>
<!-- key Puller in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Puller()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Pull an arc-line junction tight.
<!-- ./../src/puller.c 431 -->
<p>The <code>Puller()</code> action is a special-purpose optimization. When
invoked while the crosshair is over the junction of an arc and a line,
it will adjust the arc's angle and the connecting line's endpoint such
that the line intersects the arc at a tangent. In the example below,
the left side is “before” with the black target marking where to put
the crosshair:
<div align="center"><img src="puller.png" alt="Example of how puller works"></div>
<p>The right side is “after” with the black target marking where the
arc-line intersection was moved to.
<div class="node">
<a name="Quit-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Redo-Action">Redo Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Puller-Action">Puller Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.60 Quit</h4>
<!-- key Quit in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Quit()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Quits the application after confirming.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2103 -->
<p>If you have unsaved changes, you will be prompted to confirm (or
save) before quitting.
<div class="node">
<a name="Redo-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Relocate-Action">Relocate Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Quit-Action">Quit Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.61 Redo</h4>
<!-- key Redo in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Redo()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Redo recent“undo”operations.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5553 -->
<p>This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command. You
might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to revert
something other than what it actually did (in case you are confused
about which operations are un-doable), or if you have been backing up
through a long undo list and over-shoot your stopping point. Any
change that is made since the undo in question will trim the redo
list. For example if you add ten lines, then undo three of them you
could use redo to put them back, but if you move a line on the board
before performing the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the
three "undone" lines.
<div class="node">
<a name="Relocate-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RemoveSelected-Action">RemoveSelected Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Redo-Action">Redo Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.62 Relocate</h4>
<!-- key Relocate in hid -->
<!-- ./../src/relocate.c 28 -->
<p>The <code>Relocate()</code> action in pcb that will take all selected elements
and stack them up at the current crosshairs.
This works well when starting a new layout and you have hundreds of
parts on your workspace and you're just starting to do your component
placement.
Use Select Element by Name (refdes) to select the elements you want to
move, and then use :Relocate() to set the position of those elements to
where ever your crosshair is.
<p>TODO: Right now, if multiple elements are selected, they are all are
stacked up on top of each other.
Instead make them spread out the way Disperse Elements does.
<div class="node">
<a name="RemoveSelected-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Relocate-Action">Relocate Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.63 RemoveSelected</h4>
<!-- key RemoveSelected in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RemoveSelected()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Removes any selected objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2874 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Renumber-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RenumberBlock-Action">RenumberBlock Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RemoveSelected-Action">RemoveSelected Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.64 Renumber</h4>
<!-- key Renumber in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Renumber()
Renumber(filename)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Renumber all elements. The changes will be recorded to filename
for use in backannotating these changes to the schematic.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2890 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="RenumberBlock-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RenumberBuffer-Action">RenumberBuffer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.65 RenumberBlock</h4>
<!-- key RenumberBlock in hid -->
<!-- ./../src/renumber.c 44 -->
<p>The <code>RenumberBlocks()</code> action renumbers all selected refdesses on
the pcb.
<p>Usage: RenumberBlock(oldnum,newnum)
<p>All selected elements are renumbered by adding (newnum-oldnum) to
the existing number.
<p>To invoke it, use the command window, usually by typing ":".
<p>Example:
<p><code>RenumberBlock(100,200)</code> will change R213 to R313.
<div class="node">
<a name="RenumberBuffer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Report-Action">Report Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RenumberBlock-Action">RenumberBlock Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.66 RenumberBuffer</h4>
<!-- key RenumberBuffer in hid -->
<!-- ./../src/renumber.c 99 -->
<p>The <code>RenumberBuffer()</code> action renumbers all selected refdesses in
the paste buffer.
<p>Usage: RenumberBuffer(oldnum,newnum)
<p>All selected elements are renumbered by adding (newnum-oldnum) to
the existing number.
<p>To invoke it, use the command window, usually by typing ":".
<p>Example:
<p><code>RenumberBuffer(0,10)</code> will change R2 to R12.
<div class="node">
<a name="Report-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ReportDialog-Action">ReportDialog Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RenumberBuffer-Action">RenumberBuffer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.67 Report</h4>
<!-- key Report in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Report(Object|DrillReport|FoundPins|NetLength|AllNetLengths|[,name])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Produce various report.
<!-- ./../src/report.c 954 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Object</code><dd>The object under the crosshair will be reported, describing various
aspects of the object.
<br><dt><code>DrillReport</code><dd>A report summarizing the number of drill sizes used, and how many of
each, will be produced.
<br><dt><code>FoundPins</code><dd>A report listing all pins and pads which are marked as “found” will
be produced.
<br><dt><code>NetLength</code><dd>The name and length of the net under the crosshair will be reported to
the message log.
<br><dt><code>AllNetLengths</code><dd>The name and length of the net under the crosshair will be reported to
the message log. An optional parameter specifies mm, mil, pcb, or in
units
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="ReportDialog-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RipUp-Action">RipUp Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Report-Action">Report Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.68 ReportDialog</h4>
<!-- key ReportDialog in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ReportDialog()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Report on the object under the crosshair
<!-- ./../src/report.c 141 -->
<p>This is a shortcut for <code>Report(Object)</code>.
<div class="node">
<a name="RipUp-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RouteStyle-Action">RouteStyle Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ReportDialog-Action">ReportDialog Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.69 RipUp</h4>
<!-- key RipUp in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RipUp(All|Selected|Element)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Ripup auto-routed tracks, or convert an element to parts.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3243 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>All</code><dd>Removes all lines and vias which were created by the autorouter.
<br><dt><code>Selected</code><dd>Removes all selected lines and vias which were created by the
autorouter.
<br><dt><code>Element</code><dd>Converts the element under the cursor to parts (vias and lines). Note
that this uses the highest numbered paste buffer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="RouteStyle-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SaveSettings-Action">SaveSettings Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RipUp-Action">RipUp Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.70 RouteStyle</h4>
<!-- key RouteStyle in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Copies the indicated routing style into the current sizes.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5620 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="SaveSettings-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RouteStyle-Action">RouteStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.71 SaveSettings</h4>
<!-- key SaveSettings in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SaveSettings()
SaveSettings(local)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves settings.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5099 -->
<p>If you pass no arguments, the settings are stored in
<code>$HOME/.pcb/settings</code>. If you pass the word <code>local</code> they're
saved in <code>./pcb.settings</code>.
<div class="node">
<a name="SaveTo-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Select-Action">Select Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SaveSettings-Action">SaveSettings Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.72 SaveTo</h4>
<!-- key SaveTo in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SaveTo(Layout|LayoutAs,filename)
SaveTo(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections,filename)
SaveTo(PasteBuffer,filename)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves data to a file.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5002 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Saves the current layout.
<br><dt><code>LayoutAs</code><dd>Saves the current layout, and remembers the filename used.
<br><dt><code>AllConnections</code><dd>Save all connections to a file.
<br><dt><code>AllUnusedPins</code><dd>List all unused pins to a file.
<br><dt><code>ElementConnections</code><dd>Save connections to the element at the cursor to a file.
<br><dt><code>PasteBuffer</code><dd>Save the content of the active Buffer to a file. This is the graphical way to create a footprint.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="Select-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetFlag-Action">SetFlag Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.73 Select</h4>
<!-- key Select in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Select(Object|ToggleObject)
Select(All|Block|Connection)
Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)
Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName, Name)
Select(TextByName|ViaByName|NetByName)
Select(TextByName|ViaByName|NetByName, Name)
Select(Convert)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles or sets the selection.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4714 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>ElementByName</code><br><dt><code>ObjectByName</code><br><dt><code>PadByName</code><br><dt><code>PinByName</code><br><dt><code>TextByName</code><br><dt><code>ViaByName</code><br><dt><code>NetByName</code><dd>
These all rely on having a regular expression parser built into
<code>pcb</code>. If the name is not specified then the user is prompted
for a pattern, and all objects that match the pattern and are of the
type specified are selected.
<br><dt><code>Object</code><br><dt><code>ToggleObject</code><dd>Selects the object under the cursor.
<br><dt><code>Block</code><dd>Selects all objects in a rectangle indicated by the cursor.
<br><dt><code>All</code><dd>Selects all objects on the board.
<br><dt><code>Found</code><dd>Selects all connections with the “found” flag set.
<br><dt><code>Connection</code><dd>Selects all connections with the “connected” flag set.
<br><dt><code>Convert</code><dd>Converts the selected objects to an element. This uses the highest
numbered paste buffer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="SetFlag-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetLayertype-Action">SetLayertype Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Select-Action">Select Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.74 SetFlag</h4>
<!-- key SetFlag in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetFlag(Object|Selected|SelectedObjects, flag)
SetFlag(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, flag)
SetFlag(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, flag)
SetFlag(SelectedElements, flag)
flag = square | octagon | thermal | join
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets flags on objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5801 -->
<p>Turns the given flag on, regardless of its previous setting. See
<code>ChangeFlag</code>.
<pre class="example"> SetFlag(SelectedPins,thermal)
</pre>
<div class="node">
<a name="SetLayertype-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetOctagon-Action">SetOctagon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetFlag-Action">SetFlag Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.75 SetLayertype</h4>
<!-- key SetLayertype in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetLayertype(layer, type)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the type of a layer. Type can be given by name or by number.
For a list of available types, run ListLayertypes().
<!-- ./../src/layerflags.c 164 -->
<p>Layers can have various types, like <em>copper</em>, <em>silk</em> or
<em>outline</em>. Behaviour of GUI and exporters largely depend on these types.
For example, searching for electrical connections searches only layers of type
<em>copper</em>, all other layers are ignored.
<p>For a list of available types see see <a href="#ListLayertypes-Action">ListLayertypes Action</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="SetOctagon-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetSame-Action">SetSame Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetLayertype-Action">SetLayertype Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.76 SetOctagon</h4>
<!-- key SetOctagon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetOctagon(Object|ToggleObject|SelectedElements|Selected)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the octagon-flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4522 -->
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<a name="SetSame-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetSquare-Action">SetSquare Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetOctagon-Action">SetOctagon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.77 SetSame</h4>
<!-- key SetSame in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetSame()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets current layer and sizes to match indicated item.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5733 -->
<p>When invoked over any line, arc, polygon, or via, this changes the
current layer to be the layer that item is on, and changes the current
sizes (thickness, keepaway, drill, etc) according to that item.
<div class="node">
<a name="SetSquare-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetThermal-Action">SetThermal Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetSame-Action">SetSame Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.78 SetSquare</h4>
<!-- key SetSquare in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetSquare(ToggleObject|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>sets the square-flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4364 -->
<p>Note that <code>Pins</code> means pins and pads.
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<a name="SetThermal-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetValue-Action">SetValue Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetSquare-Action">SetSquare Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.79 SetThermal</h4>
<!-- key SetThermal in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetThermal(Object|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected, Style)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set the thermal (on the current layer) of pins or vias to the given style.
Style = 0 means no thermal.
Style = 1 has diagonal fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 2 has horizontal and vertical fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 3 is a solid connection to the plane.
Style = 4 has diagonal fingers with rounded edges.
Style = 5 has horizontal and vertical fingers with rounded edges.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1919 -->
<p>This changes how/whether pins or vias connect to any rectangle or polygon
on the current layer. The first argument can specify one object, or all
selected pins, or all selected vias, or all selected pins and vias.
The second argument specifies the style of connection.
There are 5 possibilities:
0 - no connection,
1 - 45 degree fingers with sharp edges,
2 - horizontal & vertical fingers with sharp edges,
3 - solid connection,
4 - 45 degree fingers with rounded corners,
5 - horizontal & vertical fingers with rounded corners.
<p>Pins and Vias may have thermals whether or not there is a polygon available
to connect with. However, they will have no effect without the polygon.
<div class="node">
<a name="SetValue-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SmartDisperse-Action">SmartDisperse Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetThermal-Action">SetThermal Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.80 SetValue</h4>
<!-- key SetValue in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetValue(Grid|Line|LineSize|Text|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|Via|ViaSize, delta)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Change various board-wide values and sizes.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2019 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>ViaDrillingHole</code><dd>Changes the diameter of the drill for new vias.
<br><dt><code>Grid</code><dd>Sets the grid spacing.
<br><dt><code>Line</code><br><dt><code>LineSize</code><dd>Changes the thickness of new lines.
<br><dt><code>Via</code><br><dt><code>ViaSize</code><dd>Changes the diameter of new vias.
<br><dt><code>Text</code><br><dt><code>TextScale</code><dd>Changes the size of new text.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="SmartDisperse-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Teardrops-Action">Teardrops Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetValue-Action">SetValue Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.81 SmartDisperse</h4>
<!-- key SmartDisperse in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SmartDisperse([All|Selected])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<!-- ./../src/smartdisperse.c 157 -->
<p>The <code>SmartDisperse([All|Selected])</code> action is a special-purpose
optimization for dispersing elements.
<p>Run with <code>:SmartDisperse()</code> or <code>:SmartDisperse(Selected)</code>
(you can also say <code>:SmartDisperse(All)</code>, but that's the default).
<div class="node">
<a name="Teardrops-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ToggleHideName-Action">ToggleHideName Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SmartDisperse-Action">SmartDisperse Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.82 Teardrops</h4>
<!-- key Teardrops in hid -->
<!-- ./../src/teardrops.c 213 -->
<p>The <code>Teardrops()</code> action adds teardrops to the intersections
between traces and pins/vias.
<p>This is a simplistic test, so there are cases where you'd think it would
add them but doesn't.
<p>If the trace doesn't end at <em>exactly</em> the same point as the pin/via, it
will be skipped.
<p>This often happens with metric parts on an Imperial grid or visa-versa.
<p>If a trace passes through a pin/via but doesn't end there, there won't
be any teardrops.
<p>Use <code>:djopt(none)</code> to split those lines into two segments, each of which
ends at the pin/via.
<p>Usage:
<p>This action takes no parameters.
<p>To invoke it, use the command window, usually by typing ":".
<p>Example:
<p><code>:Teardrops()</code>
<div align="center"><img src="td_ex1.png" alt="Example of how Teardrops works"></div>
<p>With the lesstif HID you can add this action to your menu or a hotkey by
editing $HOME/.pcb/pcb-menu.res (grab a copy from the pcb source if you
haven't one there yet).
<p>Known Bugs:
<p>Square pins are teardropped too.
<p>Refdes silk is no longer visible.
<div class="node">
<a name="ToggleHideName-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Teardrops-Action">Teardrops Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.83 ToggleHideName</h4>
<!-- key ToggleHideName in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles the visibility of element names.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4197 -->
<p>If names are hidden you won't see them on the screen and they will not
appear on the silk layer when you print the layout.
<div class="node">
<a name="ToggleVendor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Undo-Action">Undo Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ToggleHideName-Action">ToggleHideName Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.84 ToggleVendor</h4>
<!-- key ToggleVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleVendor()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles the state of automatic drill size mapping.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 124 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-898"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-899"></a><a name="index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-900"></a>
When drill mapping is enabled, new instances of pins and vias will
have their drill holes mapped to one of the allowed drill sizes
specified in the currently loaded vendor drill table. To enable drill
mapping, a vendor resource file containing a drill table must be
loaded first.
<div class="node">
<a name="Undo-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.85 Undo</h4>
<!-- key Undo in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Undo()
Undo(ClearList)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Undo recent changes.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5388 -->
<p>The unlimited undo feature of <code>Pcb</code> allows you to recover from
most operations that materially affect you work. Calling
<code>Undo()</code> without any parameter recovers from the last (non-undo)
operation. <code>ClearList</code> is used to release the allocated
memory. <code>ClearList</code> is called whenever a new layout is started or
loaded. See also <code>Redo</code> and <code>Atomic</code>.
<p>Note that undo groups operations by serial number; changes with the
same serial number will be undone (or redone) as a group. See
<code>Atomic</code>.
<div class="node">
<a name="UnloadVendor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Unselect-Action">Unselect Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Undo-Action">Undo Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.86 UnloadVendor</h4>
<!-- key UnloadVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">UnloadVendor()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Unloads the current vendor drill mapping table.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 172 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-901"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-902"></a><a name="index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-903"></a>
<div class="node">
<a name="Unselect-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.1.87 Unselect</h4>
<!-- key Unselect in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Unselect(All|Block|Connection)
Unselect(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)
Unselect(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName, Name)
Unselect(TextByName|ViaByName)
Unselect(TextByName|ViaByName, Name)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Unselects the object at the pointer location or the specified objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4876 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>All</code><dd>Unselect all objects.
<br><dt><code>Block</code><dd>Unselect all objects in a rectangle given by the cursor.
<br><dt><code>Connection</code><dd>Unselect all connections with the “found” flag set.
<br><dt><code>ElementByName</code><br><dt><code>ObjectByName</code><br><dt><code>PadByName</code><br><dt><code>PinByName</code><br><dt><code>TextByName</code><br><dt><code>ViaByName</code><dd>
These all rely on having a regular expression parser built into
<code>pcb</code>. If the name is not specified then the user is prompted
for a pattern, and all objects that match the pattern and are of the
type specified are unselected.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="common-actions"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">G.2 common actions</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 421 -->
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#LayersChanged-Action">LayersChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the layers have changed.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#LibraryChanged-Action">LibraryChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the libraries have changed.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#NetlistChanged-Action">NetlistChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the netlist has changed.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#PCBChanged-Action">PCBChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the whole PCB has changed. The optional``revert"parameter can be used as a hint to the GUI that the same design is beingreloaded, and that it might keep some viewport settings
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">RouteStylesChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the routing styles have changed.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="LayersChanged-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LibraryChanged-Action">LibraryChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.2.1 LayersChanged</h4>
<!-- key LayersChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LayersChanged()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the layers have changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 442 -->
<p>This includes layer names, colors, stacking order, visibility, etc.
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<a name="LibraryChanged-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#NetlistChanged-Action">NetlistChanged Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LayersChanged-Action">LayersChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.2.2 LibraryChanged</h4>
<!-- key LibraryChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LibraryChanged()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the libraries have changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 447 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<a name="NetlistChanged-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PCBChanged-Action">PCBChanged Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LibraryChanged-Action">LibraryChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.2.3 NetlistChanged</h4>
<!-- key NetlistChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">NetlistChanged()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the netlist has changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 437 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<a name="PCBChanged-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">RouteStylesChanged Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#NetlistChanged-Action">NetlistChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.2.4 PCBChanged</h4>
<!-- key PCBChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PCBChanged([revert])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the whole PCB has changed. The optional“revert"parameter can be used as a hint to the GUI that the same design is beingreloaded, and that it might keep some viewport settings
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 427 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<a name="RouteStylesChanged-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PCBChanged-Action">PCBChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.2.5 RouteStylesChanged</h4>
<!-- key RouteStylesChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RouteStylesChanged()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the routing styles have changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 432 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-actions"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">G.3 gtk actions</h3>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#gtk-About-Action">gtk About Action</a>: Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">gtk AdjustStyle Action</a>: Open the window which allows editing of the route styles.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#gtk-Center-Action">gtk Center Action</a>: Moves the pointer to the center of the window.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">gtk Cursor Action</a>: Move the cursor.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">gtk DoWindows Action</a>: Open various GUI windows.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">gtk EditLayerGroups Action</a>: Open the preferences window which allows editing of the layer groups.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">gtk GetXY Action</a>: Get a coordinate.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#gtk-ImportGUI-Action">gtk ImportGUI Action</a>: Asks user which schematics to import into PCB.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#gtk-Pan-Action">gtk Pan Action</a>: Start or stop panning (Mode = 1 to start, 0 to stop)
Optional thumb argument is ignored for now in gtk hid.
<li><a href="#gtk-Popup-Action">gtk Popup Action</a>: Bring up the popup menu specified by <code>MenuName</code>.
If called by a mouse event then the mouse button number
must be specified as the optional second argument.
<li><a href="#gtk-Print-Action">gtk Print Action</a>: Print the layout.
<li><a href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">gtk PrintCalibrate Action</a>: Calibrate the printer.
<li><a href="#gtk-Save-Action">gtk Save Action</a>: Save layout and/or element data to a user-selected file.
<li><a href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">gtk SelectLayer Action</a>: Select which layer is the current layer.
<li><a href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">gtk SetUnits Action</a>: Set the default measurement units.
<li><a href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">gtk SwapSides Action</a>: Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<li><a href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">gtk ToggleView Action</a>: Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<li><a href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">gtk Zoom Action</a>: Various zoom factor changes.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-About-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">gtk AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.1 gtk About</h4>
<!-- key gtk About in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">About()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1072 -->
<p>This just pops up a dialog telling the user which version of
<code>pcb</code> they're running.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-AdjustStyle-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Center-Action">gtk Center Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-About-Action">gtk About Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.2 gtk AdjustStyle</h4>
<!-- key gtk AdjustStyle in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AdjustStyle()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open the window which allows editing of the route styles.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 2213 -->
<p>Opens the window which allows editing of the route styles.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Center-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">gtk Cursor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">gtk AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.3 gtk Center</h4>
<!-- key gtk Center in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Center()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves the pointer to the center of the window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1516 -->
<p>Move the pointer to the center of the window, but only if it's
currently within the window already.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Cursor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">gtk DoWindows Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Center-Action">gtk Center Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.4 gtk Cursor</h4>
<!-- key gtk Cursor in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Cursor(Type,DeltaUp,DeltaRight,Units)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Move the cursor.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1561 -->
<p>This action moves the mouse cursor. Unlike other actions which take
coordinates, this action's coordinates are always relative to the
user's view of the board. Thus, a positive <var>DeltaUp</var> may move the
cursor towards the board origin if the board is inverted.
<p>Type is one of ‘<samp><span class="samp">Pan</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">Warp</span></samp>’. ‘<samp><span class="samp">Pan</span></samp>’ causes the
viewport to move such that the crosshair is under the mouse cursor.
‘<samp><span class="samp">Warp</span></samp>’ causes the mouse cursor to move to be above the crosshair.
<p><var>Units</var> can be one of the following:
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mil</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mm</span></samp>’<dd>The cursor is moved by that amount, in board units.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">grid</span></samp>’<dd>The cursor is moved by that many grid points.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">view</span></samp>’<dd>The values are percentages of the viewport's view. Thus, a pan of
‘<samp><span class="samp">100</span></samp>’ would scroll the viewport by exactly the width of the
current view.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">board</span></samp>’<dd>The values are percentages of the board size. Thus, a move of
‘<samp><span class="samp">50,50</span></samp>’ moves you halfway across the board.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-DoWindows-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">gtk EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">gtk Cursor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.5 gtk DoWindows</h4>
<!-- key gtk DoWindows in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DoWindows(1|2|3|4|5|6)
DoWindows(Layout|Library|Log|Netlist|Preferences|DRC)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open various GUI windows.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1609 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>1</code><dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Open the layout window. Since the layout window is always shown
anyway, this has no effect.
<br><dt><code>2</code><dt><code>Library</code><dd>Open the library window.
<br><dt><code>3</code><dt><code>Log</code><dd>Open the log window.
<br><dt><code>4</code><dt><code>Netlist</code><dd>Open the netlist window.
<br><dt><code>5</code><dt><code>Preferences</code><dd>Open the preferences window.
<br><dt><code>6</code><dt><code>DRC</code><dd>Open the DRC violations window.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">gtk GetXY Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">gtk DoWindows Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.6 gtk EditLayerGroups</h4>
<!-- key gtk EditLayerGroups in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">EditLayerGroups()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open the preferences window which allows editing of the layer groups.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 2230 -->
<p>Opens the preferences window which is where the layer groups
are edited. This action is primarily provides to provide menu
resource compatibility with the lesstif HID.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-GetXY-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-ImportGUI-Action">gtk ImportGUI Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">gtk EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.7 gtk GetXY</h4>
<!-- key gtk GetXY in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">GetXY()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Get a coordinate.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1115 -->
<p>Prompts the user for a coordinate, if one is not already selected.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-ImportGUI-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Pan-Action">gtk Pan Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">gtk GetXY Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.8 gtk ImportGUI</h4>
<!-- key gtk ImportGUI in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ImportGUI()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Asks user which schematics to import into PCB.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1796 -->
<p>Asks user which schematics to import into PCB.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Pan-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Popup-Action">gtk Popup Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-ImportGUI-Action">gtk ImportGUI Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.9 gtk Pan</h4>
<!-- key gtk Pan in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Pan([thumb], Mode)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Start or stop panning (Mode = 1 to start, 0 to stop)
Optional thumb argument is ignored for now in gtk hid.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1733 -->
<p>Start or stop panning. To start call with Mode = 1, to stop call with
Mode = 0.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Popup-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Print-Action">gtk Print Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Pan-Action">gtk Pan Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.10 gtk Popup</h4>
<!-- key gtk Popup in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Popup(MenuName, [Button])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Bring up the popup menu specified by <code>MenuName</code>.
If called by a mouse event then the mouse button number
must be specified as the optional second argument.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1765 -->
<p>This just pops up the specified menu. The menu must have been defined
as a named subresource of the Popups resource in the menu resource
file. The second, optional (and ignored) argument represents the mouse
button number which is triggering the popup.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Print-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">gtk PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Popup-Action">gtk Popup Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.11 gtk Print</h4>
<!-- key gtk Print in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Print()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Print the layout.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1396 -->
<p>This will find the default printing HID, prompt the user for its
options, and print the layout.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Save-Action">gtk Save Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Print-Action">gtk Print Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.12 gtk PrintCalibrate</h4>
<!-- key gtk PrintCalibrate in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PrintCalibrate()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Calibrate the printer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1447 -->
<p>This will print a calibration page, which you would measure and type
the measurements in, so that future printouts will be more precise.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Save-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">gtk SelectLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">gtk PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.13 gtk Save</h4>
<!-- key gtk Save in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Save()
Save(Layout|LayoutAs)
Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)
Save(PasteBuffer)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Save layout and/or element data to a user-selected file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1273 -->
<p>This action is a GUI front-end to the core's <code>SaveTo</code> action
(see <a href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>). If you happen to pass a filename, like
<code>SaveTo</code>, then <code>SaveTo</code> is called directly. Else, the
user is prompted for a filename to save, and then <code>SaveTo</code> is
called with that filename.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-SelectLayer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">gtk SetUnits Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Save-Action">gtk Save Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.14 gtk SelectLayer</h4>
<!-- key gtk SelectLayer in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SelectLayer(1..MAXLAYER|Silk|Rats)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Select which layer is the current layer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 1974 -->
<p>The specified layer becomes the currently active layer. It is made
visible if it is not already visible
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-SetUnits-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">gtk SwapSides Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">gtk SelectLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.15 gtk SetUnits</h4>
<!-- key gtk SetUnits in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetUnits(mm|mil)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set the default measurement units.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1652 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>mil</code><dd>Sets the display units to mils (1/1000 inch).
<br><dt><code>mm</code><dd>Sets the display units to millimeters.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-SwapSides-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">gtk ToggleView Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">gtk SetUnits Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.16 gtk SwapSides</h4>
<!-- key gtk SwapSides in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SwapSides(|v|h|r)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1338 -->
<p>This action changes the way you view the board.
<dl>
<dt><code>v</code><dd>Flips the board over vertically (up/down).
<br><dt><code>h</code><dd>Flips the board over horizontally (left/right), like flipping pages in
a book.
<br><dt><code>r</code><dd>Rotates the board 180 degrees without changing sides.
</dl>
<p>If no argument is given, the board isn't moved but the opposite side
is shown.
<p>Normally, this action changes which pads and silk layer are drawn as
true silk, and which are drawn as the "invisible" layer. It also
determines which solder mask you see.
<p>As a special case, if the layer group for the side you're looking at
is visible and currently active, and the layer group for the opposite
is not visible (i.e. disabled), then this action will also swap which
layer group is visible and active, effectively swapping the “working
side” of the board.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-ToggleView-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">gtk Zoom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">gtk SwapSides Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.17 gtk ToggleView</h4>
<!-- key gtk ToggleView in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleView(1..MAXLAYER)
ToggleView(layername)
ToggleView(Silk|Rats|Pins|Vias|Mask|BackSide)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 1915 -->
<p>If you pass an integer, that layer is specified by index (the first
layer is <code>1</code>, etc). If you pass a layer name, that layer is
specified by name. When a layer is specified, the visibility of the
layer group containing that layer is toggled.
<p>If you pass a special layer name, the visibility of those components
(silk, rats, etc) is toggled. Note that if you have a layer named
the same as a special layer, the layer is chosen over the special layer.
<div class="node">
<a name="gtk-Zoom-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">gtk ToggleView Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.3.18 gtk Zoom</h4>
<!-- key gtk Zoom in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Zoom()
Zoom(factor)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Various zoom factor changes.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 143 -->
Changes the zoom (magnification) of the view of the board. If no
arguments are passed, the view is scaled such that the board just fits
inside the visible window (i.e. “view all”). Otherwise,
<var>factor</var> specifies a change in zoom factor. It may be prefixed by
<code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, or <code>=</code> to change how the zoom factor is
modified. The <var>factor</var> is a floating point number, such as
<code>1.5</code> or <code>0.75</code>.
<dl>
<dt><code>+</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn smaller; more of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn bigger; less of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>-</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn bigger; less of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn smaller; more of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>=</code><var>factor</var><dd>
The <var>factor</var> is an absolute zoom factor; the unit for this value
is "PCB units per screen pixel". Since PCB units are 0.01 mil, a
<var>factor</var> of 1000 means 10 mils (0.01 in) per pixel, or 100 DPI,
about the actual resolution of most screens - resulting in an "actual
size" board. Similarly, a <var>factor</var> of 100 gives you a 10x actual
size.
</dl>
<p>Note that zoom factors of zero are silently ignored.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-actions"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
</div>
<h3 class="section">G.4 lesstif actions</h3>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#lesstif-About-Action">lesstif About Action</a>: Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">lesstif AdjustSizes Action</a>: Let the user change the board size, DRC parameters, etc
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">lesstif AdjustStyle Action</a>: Displays the route style adjustment window.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">lesstif Benchmark Action</a>: Benchmark the GUI speed.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#lesstif-Command-Action">lesstif Command Action</a>: Displays the command line input window.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">lesstif Cursor Action</a>: Move the cursor.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">lesstif Debug Action</a>: Debug action.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">lesstif DebugXY Action</a>: Debug action, with coordinates
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">lesstif DoWindows Action</a>: Open various GUI windows.
<li><a href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">lesstif DumpKeys Action</a>: Dump Lesstif key bindings.
<li><a href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">lesstif EditLayerGroups Action</a>: Let the user change the layer groupings
<li><a href="#lesstif-Export-Action">lesstif Export Action</a>: Export the layout.
<li><a href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">lesstif GetXY Action</a>: Get a coordinate.
<li><a href="#lesstif-ImportGUI-Action">lesstif ImportGUI Action</a>: Lets the user choose the schematics to import from
<li><a href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">lesstif LibraryShow Action</a>: Displays the library window.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Load-Action">lesstif Load Action</a>: Load layout data from a user-selected file.
<li><a href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">lesstif LoadVendor Action</a>: Loads a user-selected vendor resource file.
<li><a href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">lesstif NetlistShow Action</a>: Selects the given pinname or netname in the netlist window.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Print-Action">lesstif Print Action</a>: Print the layout.
<li><a href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">lesstif PrintCalibrate Action</a>: Calibrate the printer.
<li><a href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">lesstif PromptFor Action</a>: Prompt for a response.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Return-Action">lesstif Return Action</a>: Simulate a passing or failing action.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Save-Action">lesstif Save Action</a>: Save layout data to a user-selected file.
<li><a href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">lesstif SelectLayer Action</a>: Select which layer is the current layer.
<li><a href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">lesstif SetUnits Action</a>: Set the default measurement units.
<li><a href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">lesstif SwapSides Action</a>: Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<li><a href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">lesstif ToggleView Action</a>: Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">lesstif Zoom Action</a>: Various zoom factor changes.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-About-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">lesstif AdjustSizes Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.1 lesstif About</h4>
<!-- key lesstif About in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">About()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 863 -->
<p>This just pops up a dialog telling the user which version of
<code>pcb</code> they're running.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">lesstif AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-About-Action">lesstif About Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.2 lesstif AdjustSizes</h4>
<!-- key lesstif AdjustSizes in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AdjustSizes()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Let the user change the board size, DRC parameters, etc
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 1132 -->
<p>Displays a dialog box that lets the user change the board
size, DRC parameters, and text scale.
<p>The units are determined by the default display units.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">lesstif Benchmark Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">lesstif AdjustSizes Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.3 lesstif AdjustStyle</h4>
<!-- key lesstif AdjustStyle in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AdjustStyle()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Displays the route style adjustment window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/styles.c 340 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Benchmark-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Command-Action">lesstif Command Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">lesstif AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.4 lesstif Benchmark</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Benchmark in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Benchmark()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Benchmark the GUI speed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 698 -->
<p>This action is used to speed-test the Lesstif graphics subsystem. It
redraws the current screen as many times as possible in ten seconds.
It reports the amount of time needed to draw the screen once.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Command-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">lesstif Cursor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">lesstif Benchmark Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.5 lesstif Command</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Command in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Command()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Displays the command line input window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 683 -->
<p>The command window allows the user to manually enter actions to be
executed. Action syntax can be done one of two ways:
<ul>
<li>Follow the action name by an open parenthesis, arguments separated by
commas, end with a close parenthesis. Example: <code>Abc(1,2,3)</code>
<li>Separate the action name and arguments by spaces. Example: <code>Abc
1 2 3</code>.
</ul>
<p>The first option allows you to have arguments with spaces in them,
but the second is more “natural” to type for most people.
<p>Note that action names are not case sensitive, but arguments normally
are. However, most actions will check for “keywords” in a case
insensitive way.
<p>There are three ways to finish with the command window. If you press
the <code>Enter</code> key, the command is invoked, the window goes away,
and the next time you bring up the command window it's empty. If you
press the <code>Esc</code> key, the window goes away without invoking
anything, and the next time you bring up the command window it's
empty. If you change focus away from the command window (i.e. click
on some other window), the command window goes away but the next time
you bring it up it resumes entering the command you were entering
before.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Cursor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">lesstif Debug Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Command-Action">lesstif Command Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.6 lesstif Cursor</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Cursor in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Cursor(Type,DeltaUp,DeltaRight,Units)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Move the cursor.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 755 -->
<p>This action moves the mouse cursor. Unlike other actions which take
coordinates, this action's coordinates are always relative to the
user's view of the board. Thus, a positive <var>DeltaUp</var> may move the
cursor towards the board origin if the board is inverted.
<p>Type is one of ‘<samp><span class="samp">Pan</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">Warp</span></samp>’. ‘<samp><span class="samp">Pan</span></samp>’ causes the
viewport to move such that the crosshair is under the mouse cursor.
‘<samp><span class="samp">Warp</span></samp>’ causes the mouse cursor to move to be above the crosshair.
<p><var>Units</var> can be one of the following:
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mil</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mm</span></samp>’<dd>The cursor is moved by that amount, in board units.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">grid</span></samp>’<dd>The cursor is moved by that many grid points.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">view</span></samp>’<dd>The values are percentages of the viewport's view. Thus, a pan of
‘<samp><span class="samp">100</span></samp>’ would scroll the viewport by exactly the width of the
current view.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">board</span></samp>’<dd>The values are percentages of the board size. Thus, a move of
‘<samp><span class="samp">50,50</span></samp>’ moves you halfway across the board.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Debug-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">lesstif DebugXY Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">lesstif Cursor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.7 lesstif Debug</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Debug in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Debug(...)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Debug action.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 86 -->
<p>This action exists to help debug scripts; it simply prints all its
arguments to stdout.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-DebugXY-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">lesstif DoWindows Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">lesstif Debug Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.8 lesstif DebugXY</h4>
<!-- key lesstif DebugXY in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DebugXY(...)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Debug action, with coordinates
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 92 -->
<p>Like <code>Debug</code>, but requires a coordinate. If the user hasn't yet
indicated a location on the board, the user will be prompted to click
on one.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-DoWindows-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">lesstif DumpKeys Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">lesstif DebugXY Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.9 lesstif DoWindows</h4>
<!-- key lesstif DoWindows in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DoWindows(1|2|3|4)
DoWindows(Layout|Library|Log|Netlist)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open various GUI windows.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 827 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>1</code><dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Open the layout window. Since the layout window is always shown
anyway, this has no effect.
<br><dt><code>2</code><dt><code>Library</code><dd>Open the library window.
<br><dt><code>3</code><dt><code>Log</code><dd>Open the log window.
<br><dt><code>4</code><dt><code>Netlist</code><dd>Open the netlist window.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-DumpKeys-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">lesstif EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">lesstif DoWindows Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.10 lesstif DumpKeys</h4>
<!-- key lesstif DumpKeys in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DumpKeys()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Dump Lesstif key bindings.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 133 -->
<p>Causes the list of key bindings (from <code>pcb-menu.res</code>) to be
dumped to stdout. This is most useful when invoked from the command
line like this:
<pre class="example"> pcb --action-string DumpKeys
</pre>
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Export-Action">lesstif Export Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">lesstif DumpKeys Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.11 lesstif EditLayerGroups</h4>
<!-- key lesstif EditLayerGroups in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">EditLayerGroups()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Let the user change the layer groupings
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 1445 -->
<p>Displays a dialog that lets the user view and change the layer
groupings. Each layer (row) can be a member of any one layer group
(column). Note the special layers <code>solder</code> and <code>component</code>
allow you to specify which groups represent the top and bottom of the
board.
<p>See <a href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Export-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">lesstif GetXY Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">lesstif EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.12 lesstif Export</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Export in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Export()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Export the layout.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 953 -->
<p>Prompts the user for an exporter to use. Then, prompts the user for
that exporter's options, and exports the layout.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-GetXY-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-ImportGUI-Action">lesstif ImportGUI Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Export-Action">lesstif Export Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.13 lesstif GetXY</h4>
<!-- key lesstif GetXY in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">GetXY()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Get a coordinate.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 74 -->
<p>Prompts the user for a coordinate, if one is not already selected.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-ImportGUI-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">lesstif LibraryShow Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">lesstif GetXY Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.14 lesstif ImportGUI</h4>
<!-- key lesstif ImportGUI in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ImportGUI()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Lets the user choose the schematics to import from
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 1879 -->
<p>Displays a dialog that lets the user select the schematic(s) to import
from, then saves that information in the layout's attributes for
future imports.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-LibraryShow-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Load-Action">lesstif Load Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-ImportGUI-Action">lesstif ImportGUI Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.15 lesstif LibraryShow</h4>
<!-- key lesstif LibraryShow in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LibraryShow()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Displays the library window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/library.c 157 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Load-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">lesstif LoadVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">lesstif LibraryShow Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.16 lesstif Load</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Load in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Load()
Load(Layout|LayoutToBuffer|ElementToBuffer|Netlist|Revert)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Load layout data from a user-selected file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 95 -->
<p>This action is a GUI front-end to the core's <code>LoadFrom</code> action
(see <a href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>). If you happen to pass a filename, like
<code>LoadFrom</code>, then <code>LoadFrom</code> is called directly. Else, the
user is prompted for a filename to load, and then <code>LoadFrom</code> is
called with that filename.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-LoadVendor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">lesstif NetlistShow Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Load-Action">lesstif Load Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.17 lesstif LoadVendor</h4>
<!-- key lesstif LoadVendor in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadVendor()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads a user-selected vendor resource file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 148 -->
<p>The user is prompted for a file to load, and then
<code>LoadVendorFrom</code> is called (see <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>) to
load that vendor file.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-NetlistShow-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Print-Action">lesstif Print Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">lesstif LoadVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.18 lesstif NetlistShow</h4>
<!-- key lesstif NetlistShow in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">NetlistShow(pinname|netname)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Selects the given pinname or netname in the netlist window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/netlist.c 411 -->
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Print-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">lesstif PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">lesstif NetlistShow Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.19 lesstif Print</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Print in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Print()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Print the layout.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 890 -->
<p>This will find the default printing HID, prompt the user for its
options, and print the layout.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">lesstif PromptFor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Print-Action">lesstif Print Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.20 lesstif PrintCalibrate</h4>
<!-- key lesstif PrintCalibrate in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PrintCalibrate()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Calibrate the printer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 933 -->
<p>This will print a calibration page, which you would measure and type
the measurements in, so that future printouts will be more precise.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-PromptFor-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Return-Action">lesstif Return Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">lesstif PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.21 lesstif PromptFor</h4>
<!-- key lesstif PromptFor in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PromptFor([message[,default]])
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Prompt for a response.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 556 -->
<p>This is mostly for testing the lesstif HID interface. The parameters
are passed to the <code>prompt_for()</code> HID function, causing the user
to be prompted for a response. The respose is simply printed to the
user's stdout.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Return-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Save-Action">lesstif Save Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">lesstif PromptFor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.22 lesstif Return</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Return in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Return(0|1)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Simulate a passing or failing action.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 116 -->
<p>This is for testing. If passed a 0, does nothing and succeeds. If
passed a 1, does nothing but pretends to fail.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Save-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">lesstif SelectLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Return-Action">lesstif Return Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.23 lesstif Save</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Save in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Save()
Save(Layout|LayoutAs)
Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)
Save(PasteBuffer)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Save layout data to a user-selected file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 193 -->
<p>This action is a GUI front-end to the core's <code>SaveTo</code> action
(see <a href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>). If you happen to pass a filename, like
<code>SaveTo</code>, then <code>SaveTo</code> is called directly. Else, the
user is prompted for a filename to save, and then <code>SaveTo</code> is
called with that filename.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-SelectLayer-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">lesstif SetUnits Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Save-Action">lesstif Save Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.24 lesstif SelectLayer</h4>
<!-- key lesstif SelectLayer in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SelectLayer(1..MAXLAYER|Silk|Rats)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Select which layer is the current layer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 419 -->
<p>The specified layer becomes the currently active layer. It is made
visible if it is not already visible
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-SetUnits-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">lesstif SwapSides Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">lesstif SelectLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.25 lesstif SetUnits</h4>
<!-- key lesstif SetUnits in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetUnits(mm|mil)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set the default measurement units.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 432 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>mil</code><dd>Sets the display units to mils (1/1000 inch).
<br><dt><code>mm</code><dd>Sets the display units to millimeters.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-SwapSides-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">lesstif ToggleView Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">lesstif SetUnits Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.26 lesstif SwapSides</h4>
<!-- key lesstif SwapSides in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SwapSides(|v|h|r)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 534 -->
<p>This action changes the way you view the board.
<dl>
<dt><code>v</code><dd>Flips the board over vertically (up/down).
<br><dt><code>h</code><dd>Flips the board over horizontally (left/right), like flipping pages in
a book.
<br><dt><code>r</code><dd>Rotates the board 180 degrees without changing sides.
</dl>
<p>If no argument is given, the board isn't moved but the opposite side
is shown.
<p>Normally, this action changes which pads and silk layer are drawn as
true silk, and which are drawn as the "invisible" layer. It also
determines which solder mask you see.
<p>As a special case, if the layer group for the side you're looking at
is visible and currently active, and the layer group for the opposite
is not visible (i.e. disabled), then this action will also swap which
layer group is visible and active, effectively swapping the “working
side” of the board.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-ToggleView-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">lesstif Zoom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">lesstif SwapSides Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.27 lesstif ToggleView</h4>
<!-- key lesstif ToggleView in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleView(1..MAXLAYER)
ToggleView(layername)
ToggleView(Silk|Rats|Pins|Vias|Mask|BackSide)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 447 -->
<p>If you pass an integer, that layer is specified by index (the first
layer is <code>1</code>, etc). If you pass a layer name, that layer is
specified by name. When a layer is specified, the visibility of the
layer group containing that layer is toggled.
<p>If you pass a special layer name, the visibility of those components
(silk, rats, etc) is toggled. Note that if you have a layer named
the same as a special layer, the layer is chosen over the special layer.
<div class="node">
<a name="lesstif-Zoom-Action"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">lesstif ToggleView Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">G.4.28 lesstif Zoom</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Zoom in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Zoom()
Zoom(factor)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Various zoom factor changes.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 456 -->
<p>Changes the zoom (magnification) of the view of the board. If no
arguments are passed, the view is scaled such that the board just fits
inside the visible window (i.e. “view all”). Otherwise,
<var>factor</var> specifies a change in zoom factor. It may be prefixed by
<code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, or <code>=</code> to change how the zoom factor is
modified. The <var>factor</var> is a floating point number, such as
<code>1.5</code> or <code>0.75</code>.
<dl>
<dt><code>+</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn smaller; more of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn bigger; less of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>-</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn bigger; less of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn smaller; more of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>=</code><var>factor</var><dd>
The <var>factor</var> is an absolute zoom factor; the unit for this value
is "PCB units per screen pixel". Since PCB units are 0.01 mil, a
<var>factor</var> of 1000 means 10 mils (0.01 in) per pixel, or 100 DPI,
about the actual resolution of most screens - resulting in an "actual
size" board. Similarly, a <var>factor</var> of 100 gives you a 10x actual
size.
</dl>
<p>Note that zoom factors of zero are silently ignored.
<!-- Appendix - Glossary - -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Glossary"></a>
<p><hr>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix H Glossary</h2>
<p><a name="index-glossary-904"></a><a name="index-terminology-905"></a><a name="index-index-of-terms-906"></a>
<dl>
<dt>Footprint<dd>The pattern of metal, silkscreen, soldermask relief, and drills which
defines where you place a component on a circuit board.
Footprints are the placed by the user onto the PC board during the
placement phase of PCB layout.
<br><dt>Gerber File<dd>The file format used in the industry to convey a board database to the
manufacturer is RS-274X (which replaces the now obsolete RS-274D
format). This file format was originally developed by Gerber for
their photo plotters and thus RS-274D and RS-274X format files
are often times refered to as “Gerber” files.
<br><dt>Thermal, Thermal Relief<dd>A thermal relief is a way of connecting a pin to a ground
or power plane. Instead of directly connecting to the plane, small "spokes"
are used to increase the thermal resistance between the pin and the plane.
Often times these connections are refered to as simply a thermal. By increasing
the thermal resistance to the plane, it becomes easier to solder to the
pin. In the drawing below, the pin on the left is connected to the
polygon using a solid connection with no thermal relief, the middle
pin is connected using a thermal, while the pin on the right has no
connection to the polygon. In <code>Pcb</code>, the “Thermal” Tool is used to
make both a solid connection and one with thermal relief (see <a href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>).
<div align="center"><img src="thermal.png" alt="Example of a thermal relief"></div>
</dl>
<!-- -->
<div class="node">
<a name="Index"></a>
<p><hr>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glossary">Glossary</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Index of Resources</h2>
<ul class="index-vr" compact>
<li><a href="#index-absoluteGrid-384"><code>absoluteGrid</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-alignmentDistance-386"><code>alignmentDistance</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-allDirectionLines-388"><code>allDirectionLines</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backgroundImage-391"><code>backgroundImage</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backupInterval-393"><code>backupInterval</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bloat-395"><code>bloat</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-BTNMOD-846"><code>BTNMOD</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connectedColor-398"><code>connectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cross-hairColor-401"><code>cross hairColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DEFAULTFONT-843"><code>DEFAULTFONT</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DEFAULTLIBRARY-844"><code>DEFAULTLIBRARY</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Element-Search-875"><code>Element Search</code></a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementColor-404"><code>elementColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementCommand-802"><code>elementCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementCommand-408"><code>elementCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementContentsCommand-471"><code>elementContentsCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementPath-415"><code>elementPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementSelectedColor-405"><code>elementSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Exporting-a-layout-141"><code>Exporting a layout</code></a>: <a href="#Exporting">Exporting</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fileCommand-803"><code>fileCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fileCommand-420"><code>fileCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-filePath-427"><code>filePath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontCommand-804"><code>fontCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontCommand-432"><code>fontCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontFile-440"><code>fontFile</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontPath-443"><code>fontPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNUM4-845"><code>GNUM4</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-449"><code>grid</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gridColor-452"><code>gridColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-INFOLIBDIR-841"><code>INFOLIBDIR</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-invisibleObjectsColor-455"><code>invisibleObjectsColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerColor-458"><code>layerColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerGroups-462"><code>layerGroups</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerName-465"><code>layerName</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerSelectedColor-459"><code>layerSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryCommand-805"><code>libraryCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryCommand-467"><code>libraryCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryContentsCommand-806"><code>libraryContentsCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryFilename-475"><code>libraryFilename</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryPath-478"><code>libraryPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lineThickness-482"><code>lineThickness</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Measuring-distances-174"><code>Measuring distances</code></a>: <a href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media-486"><code>media</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offLimitColor-490"><code>offLimitColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PCBLIBDIR-842"><code>PCBLIBDIR</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinColor-493"><code>pinColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutFont0_002e_002e6-497"><code>pinoutFont0..6</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutNameLength-500"><code>pinoutNameLength</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutOffsetX-504"><code>pinoutOffsetX</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutOffsetY-505"><code>pinoutOffsetY</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutTextOffsetX-507"><code>pinoutTextOffsetX</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutTextOffsetY-508"><code>pinoutTextOffsetY</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutZoom-510"><code>pinoutZoom</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinSelectedColor-494"><code>pinSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printCommand-513"><code>printCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-raiseLogWindow-515"><code>raiseLogWindow</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ratCommand-518"><code>ratCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ratPath-521"><code>ratPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Regular-Expressions-876"><code>Regular Expressions</code></a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-resetAfterElement-524"><code>resetAfterElement</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ringBellWhenFinished-527"><code>ringBellWhenFinished</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routeStyle-529"><code>routeStyle</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubberBandMode-531"><code>rubberBandMode</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveCommand-807"><code>saveCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveCommand-535"><code>saveCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveInTMP-542"><code>saveInTMP</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveLastCommand-549"><code>saveLastCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Searching-for-elements-172"><code>Searching for elements</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-shrink-552"><code>shrink</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-555"><code>size</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-stipplePolygons-558"><code>stipplePolygons</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-textScale-561"><code>textScale</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-useLogWindow-564"><code>useLogWindow</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaColor-567"><code>viaColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaDrillingHole-572"><code>viaDrillingHole</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaSelectedColor-568"><code>viaSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaThickness-571"><code>viaThickness</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-volume-576"><code>volume</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-warnColor-579"><code>warnColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-582"><code>zoom</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
</ul><h2 class="unnumbered">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</h2>
<ul class="index-fn" compact>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002d-basename-_003cstring_003e-376"><code>-- basename <string></code></a>: <a href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002daction_002dscript-_003cstring_003e-204"><code>--action-script <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002daction_002dstring-_003cstring_003e-205"><code>--action-string <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dadvanced_002dgcode-313"><code>--advanced-gcode</code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dalign_002dmarks-325"><code>--align-marks</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dalignment_002ddistance-_003cnum_003e-276"><code>--alignment-distance <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dall_002ddirection_002dlines-222"><code>--all-direction-lines</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dall_002dlayers-315"><code>--all-layers</code></a>: <a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dauto_002dmirror-329"><code>--auto-mirror</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbackground_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-232"><code>--background-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbackup_002dinterval-200"><code>--backup-interval</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbasename-_003cstring_003e-297"><code>--basename <string></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbg_002dimage-_003cstring_003e-228"><code>--bg-image <string></code></a>: <a href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">lesstif GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbg_002dimage-_003cstring_003e-225"><code>--bg-image <string></code></a>: <a href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">GTK+ GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dblack_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-230"><code>--black-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbloat-_003cnum_003e-288"><code>--bloat <num></code></a>: <a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dbomfile-_003cstring_003e-294"><code>--bomfile <string></code></a>: <a href="#BOM-Creation">BOM Creation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dclear_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-196"><code>--clear-increment-mil <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dclear_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-192"><code>--clear-increment-mm <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dclear_002dline-218"><code>--clear-line</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dconnected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-246"><code>--connected-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcopper_002dheight-_003cnum_003e-378"><code>--copper-height <num></code></a>: <a href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcopy_002doutline-_003cstring_003e-318"><code>--copy-outline <string></code></a>: <a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcopyright-187"><code>--copyright</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcross_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-234"><code>--cross-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcrosshair_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-233"><code>--crosshair-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddefault_002dfont-_003cstring_003e-264"><code>--default-font <string></code></a>: <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddefault_002dPCB_002dheight-_003cnum_003e-274"><code>--default-PCB-height <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddefault_002dPCB_002dwidth-_003cnum_003e-273"><code>--default-PCB-width <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddpi-354"><code>--dpi</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddpi-_003cint_003e-299"><code>--dpi <int></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddpi-_003cnum_003e-377"><code>--dpi <num></code></a>: <a href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddraw_002dgrid-217"><code>--draw-grid</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dcopper-343"><code>--drill-copper</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002ddepth-_003creal_003e-306"><code>--drill-depth <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dfeedrate-_003creal_003e-307"><code>--drill-feedrate <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dhelper-323"><code>--drill-helper</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddrill_002dmill-308"><code>--drill-mill</code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddump_002dactions-190"><code>--dump-actions</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-240"><code>--element-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-281"><code>--element-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-203"><code>--element-path <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002delement_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-244"><code>--element-selected-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002deps_002dfile-_003cstring_003e-346"><code>--eps-file <string></code></a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002deps_002dscale-_003cnum_003e-347"><code>--eps-scale <num></code></a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfab_002dauthor-_003cstring_003e-206"><code>--fab-author <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfile_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-280"><code>--file-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfile_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-265"><code>--file-path <string></code></a>: <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfill_002dholes-362"><code>--fill-holes</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfill_002dpage-328"><code>--fill-page</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfont_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-279"><code>--font-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfont_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-266"><code>--font-path <string></code></a>: <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dformat-_003cstring_003e-363"><code>--format <string></code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfound_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-247"><code>--found-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfull_002dpoly-219"><code>--full-poly</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgerberfile-_003cstring_003e-314"><code>--gerberfile <string></code></a>: <a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgrid-_003cnum_003e-277"><code>--grid <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-249"><code>--grid-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-197"><code>--grid-increment-mil <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-193"><code>--grid-increment-mm <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgrid_002dunits_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-191"><code>--grid-units-mm <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dgroups-_003cstring_003e-201"><code>--groups <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-184"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinvisible_002dmark_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-243"><code>--invisible-mark-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinvisible_002dobjects_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-242"><code>--invisible-objects-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dmill_002ddepth-_003creal_003e-301"><code>--iso-mill-depth <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dtool_002ddiameter-_003creal_003e-302"><code>--iso-tool-diameter <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dtool_002dfeedrate-_003creal_003e-304"><code>--iso-tool-feedrate <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002diso_002dtool_002dplunge-_003creal_003e-303"><code>--iso-tool-plunge <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dkeepaway-_003cnum_003e-272"><code>--keepaway <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dcolor_002d_003cn_003e-_003cstring_003e-250"><code>--layer-color-<n> <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d1-_003cstring_003e-254"><code>--layer-name-1 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d2-_003cstring_003e-255"><code>--layer-name-2 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d3-_003cstring_003e-256"><code>--layer-name-3 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d4-_003cstring_003e-257"><code>--layer-name-4 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d5-_003cstring_003e-258"><code>--layer-name-5 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d6-_003cstring_003e-259"><code>--layer-name-6 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d7-_003cstring_003e-260"><code>--layer-name-7 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dname_002d8-_003cstring_003e-261"><code>--layer-name-8 <string></code></a>: <a href="#Layer-Names">Layer Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dselected_002dcolor_002d_003cn_003e-_003cstring_003e-251"><code>--layer-selected-color-<n> <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlayer_002dstack-_003cstring_003e-207"><code>--layer-stack <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-284"><code>--lib-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dcommand_002ddir-_003cstring_003e-283"><code>--lib-command-dir <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dcontents_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-285"><code>--lib-contents-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dname-_003cstring_003e-263"><code>--lib-name <string></code></a>: <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dnewlib-_003cstring_003e-262"><code>--lib-newlib <string></code></a>: <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlib_002dpath-_003cstring_003e-267"><code>--lib-path <string></code></a>: <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dline_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-198"><code>--line-increment-mil <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dline_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-194"><code>--line-increment-mm <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dline_002dthickness-_003cnum_003e-270"><code>--line-thickness <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlisten-227"><code>--listen</code></a>: <a href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">lesstif GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlisten-224"><code>--listen</code></a>: <a href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">GTK+ GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlprcommand-_003cstring_003e-375"><code>--lprcommand <string></code></a>: <a href="#lpr-Printing-Options">lpr Printing Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmask_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-253"><code>--mask-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmeasurement_002dunit-_003cunit_003e-298"><code>--measurement-unit <unit></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmedia-_003cmedia_002dname_003e-335"><code>--media <media-name></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmetric-317"><code>--metric</code></a>: <a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002ddrill-_003cnum_003e-292"><code>--min-drill <num></code></a>: <a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002dring-_003cnum_003e-293"><code>--min-ring <num></code></a>: <a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002dsilk-_003cnum_003e-291"><code>--min-silk <num></code></a>: <a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmin_002dwidth-_003cnum_003e-290"><code>--min-width <num></code></a>: <a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dminimum-polygon-area-_003cnum_003e-278"><code>--minimum polygon area <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmirror-327"><code>--mirror</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmonochrome-359"><code>--monochrome</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmonochrome-350"><code>--monochrome</code></a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmulti_002dfile-340"><code>--multi-file</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dname_002dstyle-_003cstring_003e-319"><code>--name-style <string></code></a>: <a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dnetlist_002dfile-_003cstring_003e-320"><code>--netlist-file <string></code></a>: <a href="#IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export">IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doff_002dlimit_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-248"><code>--off-limit-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002donly_002dvisible-360"><code>--only-visible</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002donly_002dvisible-352"><code>--only-visible</code></a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutfile-_003cstring_003e-353"><code>--outfile <string></code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutline-326"><code>--outline</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dmill_002ddepth-_003creal_003e-309"><code>--outline-mill-depth <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dmill_002dfeedrate-_003creal_003e-312"><code>--outline-mill-feedrate <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dmill_002dplunge-_003creal_003e-311"><code>--outline-mill-plunge <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutline_002dtool_002ddiameter-_003creal_003e-310"><code>--outline-tool-diameter <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpcb_002dmenu-_003cstring_003e-229"><code>--pcb-menu <string></code></a>: <a href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">lesstif GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpcb_002dmenu-_003cstring_003e-226"><code>--pcb-menu <string></code></a>: <a href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">GTK+ GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dflip_002dx-367"><code>--photo-flip-x</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dflip_002dy-368"><code>--photo-flip-y</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dmask_002dcolour-_003ccolour_003e-370"><code>--photo-mask-colour <colour></code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dmode-366"><code>--photo-mode</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dplating-_003ccolour_003e-372"><code>--photo-plating <colour></code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dphoto_002dsilk_002dcolour-_003ccolour_003e-374"><code>--photo-silk-colour <colour></code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpin_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-237"><code>--pin-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpin_002dname_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-239"><code>--pin-name-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpin_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-238"><code>--pin-selected-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002doffset_002dx-_003cnum_003e-213"><code>--pinout-offset-x <num></code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002doffset_002dy-_003cnum_003e-214"><code>--pinout-offset-y <num></code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002dtext_002doffset_002dx-_003cnum_003e-215"><code>--pinout-text-offset-x <num></code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpinout_002dtext_002doffset_002dy-_003cnum_003e-216"><code>--pinout-text-offset-y <num></code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpng_002dbloat-_003cnum_003e_003cdim_003e-364"><code>--png-bloat <num><dim></code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpredrill-305"><code>--predrill</code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dprint_002dfile-_003cstring_003e-282"><code>--print-file <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dps_002dbloat-_003cnum_003e-332"><code>--ps-bloat <num></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dps_002dcolor-330"><code>--ps-color</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dps_002dinvert-334"><code>--ps-invert</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpsfade-_003cnum_003e-337"><code>--psfade <num></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpsfile-_003cstring_003e-321"><code>--psfile <string></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-241"><code>--rat-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-287"><code>--rat-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-245"><code>--rat-selected-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002drat_002dthickness-_003cnum_003e_003cunit_003e-271"><code>--rat-thickness <num><unit></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dreset_002dafter_002delement-211"><code>--reset-after-element</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dring_002dbell_002dfinished-212"><code>--ring-bell-finished</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002droute_002dstyles-_003cstring_003e-202"><code>--route-styles <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsafe_002dZ-_003creal_003e-300"><code>--safe-Z <real></code></a>: <a href="#G_002dcode-Options">G-code Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002dcommand-_003cstring_003e-286"><code>--save-command <string></code></a>: <a href="#Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002din_002dtmp-209"><code>--save-in-tmp</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002dlast_002dcommand-208"><code>--save-last-command</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsave_002dmetric_002donly-210"><code>--save-metric-only</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dscale-_003cnum_003e-338"><code>--scale <num></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dscreen_002dlayer_002dorder-358"><code>--screen-layer-order</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dscreen_002dlayer_002dorder-349"><code>--screen-layer-order</code></a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dactions-189"><code>--show-actions</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002ddefaults-188"><code>--show-defaults</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dlegend-345"><code>--show-legend</code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dnumber-223"><code>--show-number</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshrink-_003cnum_003e-289"><code>--shrink <num></code></a>: <a href="#DRC-Options">DRC Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsize_002dincrement_002dmil-_003cstring_003e-199"><code>--size-increment-mil <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsize_002dincrement_002dmm-_003cstring_003e-195"><code>--size-increment-mm <string></code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsnap_002dpin-221"><code>--snap-pin</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsubstrate_002depsilon-_003cnum_003e-380"><code>--substrate-epsilon <num></code></a>: <a href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsubstrate_002dheight-_003cnum_003e-379"><code>--substrate-height <num></code></a>: <a href="#nelma-Options">nelma Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dtext_002dscale-_003cnum_003e-275"><code>--text-scale <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dunique_002dnames-220"><code>--unique-names</code></a>: <a href="#General-GUI-Options">General GUI Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002duse_002dalpha-361"><code>--use-alpha</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-316"><code>--verbose</code></a>: <a href="#Gerber-Export">Gerber Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-186"><code>--verbose</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-185"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#General-Options">General Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-235"><code>--via-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002ddrilling_002dhole-_003cnum_003e-269"><code>--via-drilling-hole <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002dselected_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-236"><code>--via-selected-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvia_002dthickness-_003cnum_003e-268"><code>--via-thickness <num></code></a>: <a href="#Sizes">Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwarn_002dcolor-_003cstring_003e-252"><code>--warn-color <string></code></a>: <a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dx_002dmax-355"><code>--x-max</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dxcalib-_003cnum_003e-341"><code>--xcalib <num></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dxy_002dmax-357"><code>--xy-max</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dxy_002dunit-_003cunit_003e-296"><code>--xy-unit <unit></code></a>: <a href="#BOM-Creation">BOM Creation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dxyfile-_003cstring_003e-295"><code>--xyfile <string></code></a>: <a href="#BOM-Creation">BOM Creation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dy_002dmax-356"><code>--y-max</code></a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dycalib-_003cnum_003e-342"><code>--ycalib <num></code></a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-AddRats_0028_0029-589"><code>AddRats()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-888"><code>ApplyVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-593"><code>ApplyVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Atomic_0028_0029-596"><code>Atomic()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Bell_0028_0029-599"><code>Bell()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeClearSize_0028_0029-602"><code>ChangeClearSize()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeDrillSize_0028_0029-606"><code>ChangeDrillSize()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeFlag_0028_0029-610"><code>ChangeFlag()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeHole_0028_0029-615"><code>ChangeHole()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeName_0028_0029-618"><code>ChangeName()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeOctagon_0028_0029-622"><code>ChangeOctagon()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangePinName_0028_0029-626"><code>ChangePinName()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeSize_0028_0029-629"><code>ChangeSize()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeSquare_0028_0029-633"><code>ChangeSquare()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ClrFlag_0028_0029-637"><code>ClrFlag()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Command_0028_0029-643"><code>Command()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Connection_0028_0029-646"><code>Connection()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DeleteRats_0028_0029-653"><code>DeleteRats()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-891"><code>DisableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-657"><code>DisableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DisperseElements_0028_0029-660"><code>DisperseElements()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Display_0028_0029-665"><code>Display()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DRC_0028_0029-679"><code>DRC()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EditLayerGroups_0028_0029-685"><code>EditLayerGroups()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-894"><code>EnableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-688"><code>EnableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ExecuteFile_0028_0029-682"><code>ExecuteFile()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Load_0028_0029-691"><code>Load()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-LoadVendor_0028_0029-693"><code>LoadVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-LoadVendorFrom_0028_0029-897"><code>LoadVendorFrom()</code></a>: <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MarkCrosshair_0028_0029-696"><code>MarkCrosshair()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Mode_0028_0029-699"><code>Mode()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MovePointer_0028_0029-702"><code>MovePointer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MoveToCurrentLayer_0028_0029-705"><code>MoveToCurrentLayer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-New_0028_0029-708"><code>New()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PasteBuffer_0028_0029-711"><code>PasteBuffer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Polygon_0028_0029-718"><code>Polygon()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Print_0028_0029-722"><code>Print()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Quit_0028_0029-725"><code>Quit()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Redo_0028_0029-728"><code>Redo()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-RemoveSelected_0028_0029-731"><code>RemoveSelected()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Report_0028_0029-734"><code>Report()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-RouteStyle_0028_0029-738"><code>RouteStyle()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Save_0028_0029-741"><code>Save()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Select_0028_0029-744"><code>Select()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SetFlag_0028_0029-747"><code>SetFlag()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SetValue_0028_0029-752"><code>SetValue()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SwapSides_0028_0029-759"><code>SwapSides()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SwitchDrawingLayer_0028_0029-762"><code>SwitchDrawingLayer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleHideName_0028_0029-765"><code>ToggleHideName()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-900"><code>ToggleVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-769"><code>ToggleVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleVisibility_0028_0029-772"><code>ToggleVisibility()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Undo_0028_0029-775"><code>Undo()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-903"><code>UnloadVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-778"><code>UnloadVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Unselect_0028_0029-781"><code>Unselect()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
</ul><h2 class="unnumbered">Index of Concepts</h2>
<ul class="index-cp" compact>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ftmp-547">/tmp</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ftmp-121">/tmp</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-action-reference-885">action reference</a>: <a href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-actions-584">actions</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-actions-file_002c-executing-683">actions file, executing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-align_002dmarks-324">align-marks</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-alignment-387">alignment</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-alignment-targets-132">alignment targets</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Alpha-861">Alpha</a>: <a href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-annotation-file-format-883">annotation file format</a>: <a href="#Annotation-File-Format">Annotation File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-arc-16">arc</a>: <a href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-arc_002c-an-example-83">arc, an example</a>: <a href="#Arcs">Arcs</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-865">architecture</a>: <a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-862">architecture</a>: <a href="#SCO">SCO</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-859">architecture</a>: <a href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-856">architecture</a>: <a href="#SGI">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-852">architecture</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-849">architecture</a>: <a href="#HP">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-arrow-tool-160">arrow tool</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ASCII-files_002c-format-of-801">ASCII files, format of</a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Atari-version-1">Atari version</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-atomic-598">atomic</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-auto_002drouter-49">auto-router</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-autorouter-179">autorouter</a>: <a href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backannotation-file-format-884">backannotation file format</a>: <a href="#Annotation-File-Format">Annotation File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-background-392">background</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backup-394">backup</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backup-118">backup</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bell-601">bell</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bill-of-materials-143">bill of materials</a>: <a href="#bom">bom</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bloat-396">bloat</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bom-142">bom</a>: <a href="#bom">bom</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-buffer_002c-an-example-106">buffer, an example</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-buffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-103">buffer, convert contents to element</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Buffer_002c-popup-menu-45">Buffer, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-buffer_002c-selecting-a-712">buffer, selecting a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-button-translations-587">button translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cat-426">cat</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-centering-666">centering</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-centroid-file-format-879">centroid file format</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-centroid-file_002c-algorithms-881">centroid file, algorithms</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-active-layer-62">change active layer</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-drawing-layer-763">change drawing layer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-object-name-620">change object name</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-settings-753">change settings</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-sizes-603">change sizes</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-square-flag-634">change square flag</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-viewing-side-760">change viewing side</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-changing-layers-113">changing layers</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-changing-pin_002fpad-names-627">changing pin/pad names</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clearance-15">clearance</a>: <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clearance_002c-changing-of-objects-605">clearance, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clearance_002c-for-new-lines-41">clearance, for new lines</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-678">clipping lines to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-390">clipping lines to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-closing-a-polygon-721">closing a polygon</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cnc-146">cnc</a>: <a href="#gcode">gcode</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-color-printout-130">color printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-color_002c-warning-581">color, warning</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-colors-399">colors</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-183">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compile_002c-how-to-837">compile, how to</a>: <a href="#compiling">compiling</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configure-840">configure</a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connection_002c-removing-an-790">connection, removing an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-colors-400">connections, colors</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-creating-list-of-157">connections, creating list of</a>: <a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-reseting-649">connections, reseting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-reseting-after-element-525">connections, reseting after element</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-searching-for-651">connections, searching for</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Connects_002c-popup-menu-48">Connects, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copy-an-object-799">copy an object</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copying-objects-717">copying objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copying_002c-an-example-109">copying, an example</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-creating-objects-75">creating objects</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-color-403">cursor color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-movements-704">cursor movements</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-position-698">cursor position</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-steps-451">cursor steps</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cutting-objects-716">cutting objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DEC-860">DEC</a>: <a href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-font-441">default font</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-layout-size-556">default layout size</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-library-476">default library</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-text-scaling-563">default text scaling</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-translations-785">default translations</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-design-rule-checker_002c-invoking-50">design rule checker, invoking</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-design-rule-checking-680">design rule checking</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-design-rule-checking-165">design rule checking</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-device_002c-selecting-an-output-126">device, selecting an output</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-directory-_002ftmp-548">directory /tmp</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-directory-_002ftmp-122">directory /tmp</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dispersing-elements-661">dispersing elements</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-display-560">display</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-element-names-670">displaying element names</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-element-names-31">displaying element names</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-pinout-676">displaying pinout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-status-information-57">displaying status information</a>: <a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-distributing-elements-662">distributing elements</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DOS-filenames-138">DOS filenames</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drawing-objects-71">drawing objects</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drc-681">drc</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drc-397">drc</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drc-166">drc</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill-737">drill</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill-report-54">drill report</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill-sizes_002c-list-of-standard-877">drill sizes, list of standard</a>: <a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Drill-table-177">Drill table</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill_002dhelper-322">drill-helper</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drilling-hole_002c-changing-of-objects-609">drilling hole, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drilling-hole_002c-setting-of-initial-size-756">drilling hole, setting of initial size</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Edit_002c-popup-menu-26">Edit, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element-name_002c-hiding-767">element name, hiding</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element-name_002c-removing-from-silk_002dscreen-768">element name, removing from silk-screen</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Element-Search-873">Element Search</a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-an-example-93">element, an example</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-an-overview-7">element, an overview</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-color-407">element, color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-command-409">element, command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-creating-a-new-package-101">element, creating a new package</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-display-names-of-671">element, display names of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-display-names-of-32">element, display names of</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-editing-47">element, editing</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-file-format-813">element, file format</a>: <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-files-410">element, files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-move-name-of-795">element, move name of</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elements_002c-dispersing-663">elements, dispersing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elements_002c-distributing-664">elements, distributing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-encapsulated-postscript-155">encapsulated postscript</a>: <a href="#eps">eps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-entering-user-commands-181">entering user commands</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-eps-154">eps</a>: <a href="#eps">eps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-erasing-objects-73">erasing objects</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-files-95">example files</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-buffer-handling-107">example of buffer handling</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-connection-lists-156">example of connection lists</a>: <a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-copying-111">example of copying</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-creating-an-element-100">example of creating an element</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-element-handling-94">example of element handling</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-line-handling-82">example of line handling</a>: <a href="#Lines">Lines</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-loading-117">example of loading</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-loading-an-element-file-97">example of loading an element file</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-moving-110">example of moving</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-pastebuffer-handling-105">example of pastebuffer handling</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-pin-handling-99">example of pin handling</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-polygon-handling-85">example of polygon handling</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-printing-125">example of printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-rectangle-handling-87">example of rectangle handling</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-saving-116">example of saving</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-text-handling-90">example of text handling</a>: <a href="#Text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-via-handling-92">example of via handling</a>: <a href="#Vias">Vias</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-exit-727">exit</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Exporting-a-layout-140">Exporting a layout</a>: <a href="#Exporting">Exporting</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-element-data-815">file format, element data</a>: <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-font-data-818">file format, font data</a>: <a href="#Font-File">Font File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-layout-data-812">file format, layout data</a>: <a href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-libraries-826">file format, libraries</a>: <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-library-contents-823">file format, library contents</a>: <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-formats-800">file formats</a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-pads-and-lines-809">file formats, pads and lines</a>: <a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-load-command-421">file load command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-save-command-536">file save command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-File-syntax-827">File syntax</a>: <a href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-File_002c-popup-menu-25">File, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-flags_002c-changing-611">flags, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-flags_002c-clearing-638">flags, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-flags_002c-setting-748">flags, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-command-433">font command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-file_002c-format-of-816">font file, format of</a>: <a href="#Font-File">Font File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-files-434">font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font_002c-an-overview-5">font, an overview</a>: <a href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font_002c-used-for-pin-names-498">font, used for pin names</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-element-files-814">format of element files</a>: <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-font-files-817">format of font files</a>: <a href="#Font-File">Font File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-layout-files-811">format of layout files</a>: <a href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-libraries-825">format of libraries</a>: <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-library-contents-822">format of library contents</a>: <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-868">FreeBSD</a>: <a href="#BSD">BSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_002dcode-145">g-code</a>: <a href="#gcode">gcode</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gcode-144">gcode</a>: <a href="#gcode">gcode</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gEDA_002c-how-to-interface-with-833">gEDA, how to interface with</a>: <a href="#gEDA">gEDA</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gerber-147">gerber</a>: <a href="#gerber">gerber</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-glossary-904">glossary</a>: <a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNU-build-system-838">GNU build system</a>: <a href="#quickstart">quickstart</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNU-configure-script-839">GNU configure script</a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-385">grid</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-66">grid</a>: <a href="#Layout-Area">Layout Area</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-color-454">grid color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-absolute-and-relative-672">grid, absolute and relative</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-alignment-34">grid, alignment</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-display-673">grid, display</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-display-33">grid, display</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-setting-of-755">grid, setting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-groups-464">groups</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-groups_002c-editing-of-687">groups, editing of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gschem_002c-how-to-interface-with-832">gschem, how to interface with</a>: <a href="#gEDA">gEDA</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Hewlett-Packard-851">Hewlett Packard</a>: <a href="#HP">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-hide-element-name-766">hide element name</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-how-to-start-22">how to start</a>: <a href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-HP-850">HP</a>: <a href="#HP">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-image-export-151">image export</a>: <a href="#png">png</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-index-of-terms-906">index of terms</a>: <a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Info_002c-popup-menu-51">Info, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-information-about-objects-736">information about objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-input_002dfield_002c-position-of-58">input-field, position of</a>: <a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inputfield_002c-saving-entered-command_002dline-551">inputfield, saving entered command-line</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inputfield_002c-start-user-input-645">inputfield, start user input</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-install_002c-how-to-836">install, how to</a>: <a href="#compiling">compiling</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ipc_002dd_002d356-148">ipc-d-356</a>: <a href="#ipc_002dd_002d356">ipc-d-356</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-key-translations-586">key translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-keyboard-bell-528">keyboard bell</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer-controls-59">layer controls</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer-groups-12">layer groups</a>: <a href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer-visibility_002c-toggling-774">layer visibility, toggling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer_002c-change-active-764">layer, change active</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer_002c-name-of-466">layer, name of</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-an-overview-11">layers, an overview</a>: <a href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-changing-which-is-active-61">layers, changing which is active</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-colors-461">layers, colors</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-editing-of-groups-686">layers, editing of groups</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-groups-463">layers, groups</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-switching-on_002foff-60">layers, switching on/off</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files-422">layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files_002c-format-of-810">layout files, format of</a>: <a href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-objects_002c-an-overview-3">layout objects, an overview</a>: <a href="#Intro">Intro</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-default-size-of-557">layout, default size of</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-printing-a-723">layout, printing a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-start-a-new-709">layout, start a new</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002dname-8">layout-name</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-length-of-a-pin-name-503">length of a pin name</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-accuracy-10">library accuracy</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-command-468">library command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-contents-command-472">library contents command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-contents-file_002c-format-of-821">library contents file, format of</a>: <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-creation-829">library creation</a>: <a href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-file_002c-format-of-824">library file, format of</a>: <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-name-477">library name</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-searchpath-481">library searchpath</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-window-69">library window</a>: <a href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-an-example-81">lines, an example</a>: <a href="#Lines">Lines</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-an-overview-13">lines, an overview</a>: <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-677">lines, clipping to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-389">lines, clipping to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-setting-of-initial-size-758">lines, setting of initial size</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-size-483">lines, size</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Linux-866">Linux</a>: <a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-listing-library-contents-473">listing library contents</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-elements-411">loading elements</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-files-692">loading files</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-fonts-435">loading fonts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-layouts-423">loading layouts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-symbols-436">loading symbols</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading_002c-an-example-114">loading, an example</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-log-window-516">log window</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-log-window-67">log window</a>: <a href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-m4-414">m4</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-m4_002c-preprocessing-example-files-96">m4, preprocessing example files</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mark-697">mark</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Measuring-distances-173">Measuring distances</a>: <a href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media-487">media</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media-margin-488">media margin</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media_002c-size-of-135">media, size of</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-menus-23">menus</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-messages-517">messages</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-messages-68">messages</a>: <a href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mirroring-printout-129">mirroring printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mode-selection-63">mode selection</a>: <a href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mode_002c-selecting-of-700">mode, selecting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mounting-holes-617">mounting holes</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-move-532">move</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-move-an-object-798">move an object</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving-objects-159">moving objects</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving-objects-to-current-layer-707">moving objects to current layer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving_002c-an-example-108">moving, an example</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving_002c-traces-to-a-different-layer-112">moving, traces to a different layer</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-multi_002dfile-339">multi-file</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-name-of-an-element-669">name of an element</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-name_002c-change-an-objects-619">name, change an objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-namelength-of-pins-501">namelength of pins</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-nelma-149">nelma</a>: <a href="#nelma">nelma</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-NetBSD-869">NetBSD</a>: <a href="#BSD">BSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-591">netlist</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-520">netlist</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-163">netlist</a>: <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-21">netlist</a>: <a href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Netlist-Window-70">Netlist Window</a>: <a href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist_002c-file-format-819">netlist, file format</a>: <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist_002c-reading-820">netlist, reading</a>: <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object-report-53">object report</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-change-name-of-621">object, change name of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-changing-the-size-of-an-80">object, changing the size of an</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-copy-an-797">object, copy an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-creating-an-76">object, creating an</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-drawing-and-removing-74">object, drawing and removing</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-move-an-796">object, move an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-removing-an-789">object, removing an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-removing-an-78">object, removing an</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-objects_002c-moving-to-current-layer-706">objects, moving to current layer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-flag_002c-changing-612">octagonal flag, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-flag_002c-clearing-640">octagonal flag, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-flag_002c-setting-749">octagonal flag, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-pins-and-vias-625">octagonal pins and vias</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-off-limit-color-492">off limit color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-of-pinnames-509">offset of pinnames</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-of-pinout-506">offset of pinout</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-of-printout-136">offset of printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-old-library-9">old library</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-only_002dvisible-351">only-visible</a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-OpenWindows-855">OpenWindows</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-operation-modes_002c-selecting-of-701">operation modes, selecting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-optimizer-170">optimizer</a>: <a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-outline-printout-131">outline printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-device-127">output device</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-overlap_002c-minimum-168">overlap, minimum</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pad-specification-808">pad specification</a>: <a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-an-example-104">pastebuffer, an example</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-102">pastebuffer, convert contents to element</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-popup-menu-46">pastebuffer, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-selecting-a-713">pastebuffer, selecting a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-element-files-417">path for element files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-font-files-445">path for font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-layout-files-429">path for layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-libraries-480">path for libraries</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PC-UNIX-870">PC UNIX</a>: <a href="#BSD">BSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PC-UNIX-867">PC UNIX</a>: <a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PC-UNIX-864">PC UNIX</a>: <a href="#SCO">SCO</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PCB_002c-an-overview-2">PCB, an overview</a>: <a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-photo_002dmask_002dcolour-369">photo-mask-colour</a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-photo_002dmode-365">photo-mode</a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-photo_002dplating-371">photo-plating</a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-photo_002dsilk_002dcolour-373">photo-silk-colour</a>: <a href="#PNG-Options">PNG Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin-color-496">pin color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin_002c-name-of-502">pin, name of</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin_002fpad-names_002c-changing-628">pin/pad names, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-display-of-675">pinout, display of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-font-to-display-pin-names-499">pinout, font to display pin names</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-zoomfactor-of-display-511">pinout, zoomfactor of display</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pins_002c-an-example-98">pins, an example</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pins_002c-changing-shape-of-623">pins, changing shape of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-png-150">png</a>: <a href="#png">png</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pointer_002c-moving-of-703">pointer, moving of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon-559">polygon</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon-point_002c-go-back-to-previous-720">polygon point, go back to previous</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon_002c-an-example-84">polygon, an example</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon_002c-an-overview-17">polygon, an overview</a>: <a href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon_002c-closing-a-719">polygon, closing a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-popping-up-menus-24">popping up menus</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-postprocessing-layout-data-539">postprocessing layout data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-postscript-153">postscript</a>: <a href="#ps">ps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-element-data-412">preprocessing element data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-font-data-437">preprocessing font data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-layout-data-424">preprocessing layout data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preventing-loss-of-data-545">preventing loss of data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preventing-loss-of-data-120">preventing loss of data</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-command-139">print command</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-media-489">print media</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-media-134">print media</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-offset-137">print offset</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printing-514">printing</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printing-a-layout-724">printing a layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printing_002c-an-example-124">printing, an example</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-problems-847">problems</a>: <a href="#problems">problems</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ps-152">ps</a>: <a href="#ps">ps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ps_002dbloat-331">ps-bloat</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ps_002dinvert-333">ps-invert</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-psfade-336">psfade</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-quit-726">quit</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rat_002dline-592">rat-line</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rat_002dline-164">rat-line</a>: <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-590">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-519">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-162">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats_002dnest-20">rats-nest</a>: <a href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-recover-730">recover</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rectangle_002c-an-example-86">rectangle, an example</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-redo-729">redo</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-redo-28">redo</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-redrawing-layout-667">redrawing layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-refreshing-layout-668">refreshing layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Regular-Expressions-874">Regular Expressions</a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-connections-788">removing connections</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-objects-787">removing objects</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-objects-77">removing objects</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-objects-72">removing objects</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-selected-objects-732">removing selected objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-report-735">report</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-report-52">report</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reseting-found-connections-650">reseting found connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reseting-found-connections-526">reseting found connections</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-resources-382">resources</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rotate-534">rotate</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rotating-a-buffer-715">rotating a buffer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rotating-printout-128">rotating printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Route-Styles_002c-popup-menu-29">Route Styles, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routing-style-739">routing style</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routing-style-530">routing style</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubber-band-39">rubber band</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubberband-674">rubberband</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubberband-533">rubberband</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-connections-743">saving connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-files-742">saving files</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-found-connections-652">saving found connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-last-entered-user-command-550">saving last entered user command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-538">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-119">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving_002c-an-example-115">saving, an example</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scaling-a-printout-133">scaling a printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scanning-connections-647">scanning connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-schematic-capture-830">schematic capture</a>: <a href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-schematic-frontend-831">schematic frontend</a>: <a href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SCO-863">SCO</a>: <a href="#SCO">SCO</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-screen_002dlayer_002dorder-_0028EPS_0029-348">screen-layer-order (EPS)</a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">Encapsulated Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-script-file_002c-executing-684">script file, executing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scrolling-791">scrolling</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searching-connections-648">searching connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Searching-for-elements-171">Searching for elements</a>: <a href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-element-files-416">searchpath for element files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-font-files-444">searchpath for font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-layout-files-428">searchpath for layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-libraries-479">searchpath for libraries</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Select_002c-popup-menu-42">Select, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selected-object_002c-removing-an-733">selected object, removing an</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selected-objects_002c-changing-sizes-44">selected objects, changing sizes</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selected-objects_002c-removing-43">selected objects, removing</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting-a-buffer-714">selecting a buffer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting-a-new-tool-65">selecting a new tool</a>: <a href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting-objects-746">selecting objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting_002c-using-the-arrow-tool-158">selecting, using the arrow tool</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selection-745">selection</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Settings_002c-popup-menu-37">Settings, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SGI-858">SGI</a>: <a href="#SGI">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-show_002dlegend-344">show-legend</a>: <a href="#Postscript-Export">Postscript Export</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-shrink-553">shrink</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-signal-600">signal</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Silicon-Graphics-857">Silicon Graphics</a>: <a href="#SGI">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-lines-484">size of lines</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-lines-and-vias-740">size of lines and vias</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-vias-574">size of vias</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-604">sizes, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-snap-to-pins-40">snap to pins</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Solaris-854">Solaris</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-solder-mask_002c-viewing-and-editing-36">solder mask, viewing and editing</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-spacing_002c-minimum-167">spacing, minimum</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-speaker-volume-577">speaker volume</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-changing-613">square flag, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-changing-of-objects-635">square flag, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-clearing-641">square flag, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-setting-750">square flag, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-standard-drill-sizes-878">standard drill sizes</a>: <a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-start-user-input-644">start user input</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-starting-a-new-layout-710">starting a new layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-starting-_0040pcb_007b_007d-182">starting <code>Pcb</code></a>: <a href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-status-information-56">status information</a>: <a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-strings_002c-an-example-89">strings, an example</a>: <a href="#Text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-strings_002c-an-overview-19">strings, an overview</a>: <a href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Sun-853">Sun</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-symbols-442">symbols</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-symbols_002c-an-overview-4">symbols, an overview</a>: <a href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Syntax_002c-file-828">Syntax, file</a>: <a href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-temporary-files-546">temporary files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-temporary-files-123">temporary files</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-terminology-905">terminology</a>: <a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TeX_002c-problems-872">TeX, problems</a>: <a href="#TeX-and-Manuals">TeX and Manuals</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-text_002c-an-example-88">text, an example</a>: <a href="#Text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-text_002c-an-overview-18">text, an overview</a>: <a href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-text_002c-default-scaling-562">text, default scaling</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thermal-flag_002c-changing-614">thermal flag, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thermal-flag_002c-clearing-642">thermal flag, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thermal-flag_002c-setting-751">thermal flag, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness-of-lines-485">thickness of lines</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness-of-objects-79">thickness of objects</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness-of-vias-575">thickness of vias</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness_002c-changing-of-objects-632">thickness, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-toggle-layer-visibility-773">toggle layer visibility</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tool-selection-64">tool selection</a>: <a href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tool_002c-arrow-161">tool, arrow</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trace-optimizer-169">trace optimizer</a>: <a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translations-784">translations</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translations-585">translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-troubleshooting-848">troubleshooting</a>: <a href="#problems">problems</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-two-line-mode-14">two line mode</a>: <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-undo-776">undo</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-undo-27">undo</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-undo_002c-multi_002daction-resources-597">undo, multi-action resources</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unique-names-38">unique names</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unix-command-413">unix command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unselect-objects-783">unselect objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-user-commands-180">user commands</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-user-input-793">user input</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-902">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-899">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-896">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-893">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-890">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-887">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-595">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Vendor-drill-table-178">Vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-disabling-659">vendor drill table, disabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-enabling-690">vendor drill table, enabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-loading-695">vendor drill table, loading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-toggling-771">vendor drill table, toggling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-unloading-780">vendor drill table, unloading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-901">vendor map</a>: <a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-898">vendor map</a>: <a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-895">vendor map</a>: <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-892">vendor map</a>: <a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-889">vendor map</a>: <a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-886">vendor map</a>: <a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-594">vendor map</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-disabling-658">vendor map, disabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-enabling-689">vendor map, enabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-loading-694">vendor map, loading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-toggling-770">vendor map, toggling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-unloading-779">vendor map, unloading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Vendor-mapping-176">Vendor mapping</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Vendor-rules-175">Vendor rules</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-an-example-91">vias, an example</a>: <a href="#Vias">Vias</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-an-overview-6">vias, an overview</a>: <a href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-changing-shape-of-624">vias, changing shape of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-color-570">vias, color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-converting-to-mounting-hole-616">vias, converting to mounting hole</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-setting-of-initial-size-757">vias, setting of initial size</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-size-573">vias, size</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-View_002c-popup-menu-30">View, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viewing-side_002c-changing-of-761">viewing side, changing of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-volume-of-speaker-578">volume of speaker</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Window_002c-popup-menu-55">Window, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-x_002dy-file-format-880">x-y file format</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-x_002dy-file_002c-algorithms-882">x-y file, algorithms</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-381">X11</a>: <a href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-default-translations-786">X11 default translations</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-resources-383">X11 resources</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-translations-588">X11 translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11_002c-problems-871">X11, problems</a>: <a href="#X11">X11</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-xcircuit_002c-how-to-interface-with-834">xcircuit, how to interface with</a>: <a href="#xcircuit">xcircuit</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-of-Layout-area-583">zoom of Layout area</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-of-pinout-window-512">zoom of pinout window</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom_002c-setting-35">zoom, setting</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom_002c-setting-of-754">zoom, setting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Pcb</a>
<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="#Copying">Copying</a>
<li><a name="toc_History" href="#History">History</a>
<li><a name="toc_Overview" href="#Overview">1 Overview</a>
<li><a name="toc_Intro" href="#Intro">2 Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Symbol-Objects">2.1 Symbols</a>
<li><a href="#Via-Objects">2.2 Vias</a>
<li><a href="#Element-Objects">2.3 Elements</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Objects">2.4 Layers</a>
<li><a href="#Line-Objects">2.5 Lines</a>
<li><a href="#Arc-Objects">2.6 Arcs</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-Objects">2.7 Polygons</a>
<li><a href="#Text-Objects">2.8 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Net-Objects">2.9 Nets</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Getting-Started" href="#Getting-Started">3 Getting Started</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Application-Window">3.1 The Application Window</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Menu">3.1.1 Menus</a>
<li><a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">3.1.2 The Status-line and Input-field</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Controls">3.1.3 The Layer Controls</a>
<li><a href="#Tool-Selectors">3.1.4 The Tool Selectors</a>
<li><a href="#Layout-Area">3.1.5 Layout Area</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Log-Window">3.2 Log Window</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Window">3.3 Library Window</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-Window">3.4 Netlist Window</a>
<li><a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">3.5 Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Common">3.5.1 Common Drawing and Removing Methods</a>
<li><a href="#Lines">3.5.2 Lines</a>
<li><a href="#Arcs">3.5.3 Arcs</a>
<li><a href="#Polygons">3.5.4 Polygons and Rectangles</a>
<li><a href="#Text">3.5.5 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Vias">3.5.6 Vias</a>
<li><a href="#Elements">3.5.7 Elements</a>
<li><a href="#Pastebuffer">3.5.8 Pastebuffer</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Moving-and-Copying">3.6 Moving and Copying</a>
<li><a href="#Loading-and-Saving">3.7 Loading and Saving</a>
<li><a href="#Printing">3.8 Printing</a>
<li><a href="#Exporting">3.9 Exporting a layout</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#bom">3.9.1 Bill of materials (bom)</a>
<li><a href="#gcode">3.9.2 G-code (gcode)</a>
<li><a href="#gerber">3.9.3 Gerber (gerber)</a>
<li><a href="#ipc_002dd_002d356">3.9.4 IPC-D-356 (ipcd356)</a>
<li><a href="#nelma">3.9.5 Nelma (nelma)</a>
<li><a href="#png">3.9.6 Image (png)</a>
<li><a href="#ps">3.9.7 Postscript (ps)</a>
<li><a href="#eps">3.9.8 Encapsulated Postscript (eps)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Connection-Lists">3.10 Connection Lists</a>
<li><a href="#Arrow-Tool">3.11 Arrow Tool</a>
<li><a href="#Rats-Nest">3.12 Rats Nest</a>
<li><a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">3.13 Design Rule Checking</a>
<li><a href="#Trace-Optimizer">3.14 Trace Optimizer</a>
<li><a href="#Searching-for-elements">3.15 Searching for elements</a>
<li><a href="#Measuring-distances">3.16 Measuring distances</a>
<li><a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">3.17 Vendor Drill Mapping</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Autorouter" href="#Autorouter">4 Autorouter</a>
<li><a name="toc_User-Commands" href="#User-Commands">5 User Commands</a>
<li><a name="toc_Command_002dLine-Options" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">6 Command-Line Options</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#General-Options">6.1 General Options</a>
<li><a href="#General-GUI-Options">6.2 General GUI Options</a>
<li><a href="#GTK_002b-GUI-Options">6.3 GTK+ GUI Options</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-GUI-Options">6.4 lesstif GUI Options</a>
<li><a href="#Colors">6.5 Colors</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Names">6.6 Layer Names</a>
<li><a href="#Paths">6.7 Paths</a>
<li><a href="#Sizes">6.8 Sizes</a>
<li><a href="#Commands">6.9 Commands</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-Options">6.10 DRC Options</a>
<li><a href="#BOM-Creation">6.11 BOM Creation</a>
<li><a href="#G_002dcode-Options">6.12 G-code Options</a>
<li><a href="#Gerber-Export">6.13 Gerber Export</a>
<li><a href="#IPC_002dD_002d356-Netlist-Export">6.14 IPC-D-356 Netlist Export</a>
<li><a href="#Postscript-Export">6.15 Postscript Export</a>
<li><a href="#Encapsulated-Postscript-Export">6.16 Encapsulated Postscript Export</a>
<li><a href="#PNG-Options">6.17 PNG Options</a>
<li><a href="#lpr-Printing-Options">6.18 lpr Printing Options</a>
<li><a href="#nelma-Options">6.19 nelma Options</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_X11-Interface" href="#X11-Interface">7 X11 Interface</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Resources">7.1 Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</a>
<li><a href="#Actions">7.2 Actions</a>
<li><a href="#Translations">7.3 Default Translations</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_File-Formats" href="#File-Formats">8 File Formats</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">8.1 Pad and Line Representation</a>
<li><a href="#Layout-File">8.2 Layout File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Element-File">8.3 Element File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Font-File">8.4 Font File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-File">8.5 Netlist File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Contents-File">8.6 Library Contents File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Library-File">8.7 Library File Format</a>
<li><a href="#File-Syntax">8.8 File Syntax</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Arc-syntax">8.8.1 Arc</a>
<li><a href="#Attribute-syntax">8.8.2 Attribute</a>
<li><a href="#Connect-syntax">8.8.3 Connect</a>
<li><a href="#Cursor-syntax">8.8.4 Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-syntax">8.8.5 DRC</a>
<li><a href="#Element-syntax">8.8.6 Element</a>
<li><a href="#ElementArc-syntax">8.8.7 ElementArc</a>
<li><a href="#ElementLine-syntax">8.8.8 ElementLine</a>
<li><a href="#FileVersion-syntax">8.8.9 FileVersion</a>
<li><a href="#Flags-syntax">8.8.10 Flags</a>
<li><a href="#Grid-syntax">8.8.11 Grid</a>
<li><a href="#Groups-syntax">8.8.12 Groups</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-syntax">8.8.13 Layer</a>
<li><a href="#Line-syntax">8.8.14 Line</a>
<li><a href="#Mark-syntax">8.8.15 Mark</a>
<li><a href="#Net-syntax">8.8.16 Net</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-syntax">8.8.17 Netlist</a>
<li><a href="#Pad-syntax">8.8.18 Pad</a>
<li><a href="#PCB-syntax">8.8.19 PCB</a>
<li><a href="#Pin-syntax">8.8.20 Pin</a>
<li><a href="#PolyArea-syntax">8.8.21 PolyArea</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-syntax">8.8.22 Polygon</a>
<li><a href="#Rat-syntax">8.8.23 Rat</a>
<li><a href="#Styles-syntax">8.8.24 Styles</a>
<li><a href="#Symbol-syntax">8.8.25 Symbol</a>
<li><a href="#SymbolLine-syntax">8.8.26 SymbolLine</a>
<li><a href="#Text-syntax">8.8.27 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Thermal-syntax">8.8.28 Thermal</a>
<li><a href="#Via-syntax">8.8.29 Via</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Object-Flags">8.9 Object Flags</a>
<li><a href="#PCBFlags">8.10 PCBFlags</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Library-Creation" href="#Library-Creation">9 Library Creation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1 Old Style (m4) Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.1 Overview of Oldlib Operation</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2 The Library Scripts</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2.1 Scripts Used During Compilation</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2.2 Scripts Used by PCB at Runtime</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.3 Creating an Oldlib Footprint</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.4 Troubleshooting Old Style Libraries</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2 New Style Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2.1 Creating Newlib Footprints</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2.2 Modifying Newlib Footprints</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Schematic-Frontends" href="#Schematic-Frontends">10 Schematic Capture for PCB</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1 gEDA</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.1 Set Up Project Directories</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.2 Set Up gEDA Config Files</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.3 Set Up <code>gsch2pcb</code> Config Files</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.4 Capture Schematics Using <code>gschem</code></a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.5 Create Any Unique PCB Footprints</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.6 Generate Initial PCB Design Using <code>gsch2pcb</code></a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.7 Layout Circuit Board</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.8 Forward Annotation of Schematic Changes</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.9 Generate Photoplot Files (RS-274X)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#xcircuit">10.2 xcircuit</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">Appendix A Installation and Troubleshooting</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#compiling">A.1 Compiling and Installing</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#quickstart">A.1.1 Quick Start</a>
<li><a href="#running-configure">A.1.2 Running the configure Script</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#problems">A.2 Troubleshooting</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#HP">A.2.1 HP Series 700 and 800</a>
<li><a href="#Sun">A.2.2 Sun SPARC architecture</a>
<li><a href="#SGI">A.2.3 Silicon Graphics</a>
<li><a href="#DEC-Alpha">A.2.4 DEC Alpha</a>
<li><a href="#SCO">A.2.5 SCO Unix</a>
<li><a href="#Linux">A.2.6 Linux</a>
<li><a href="#BSD">A.2.7 FreeBSD and NetBSD</a>
<li><a href="#X11">A.2.8 Problems related to X11</a>
<li><a href="#TeX-and-Manuals">A.2.9 Problems related to TeX</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Custom-Menus" href="#Custom-Menus">Appendix B Customizing the Menus</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Resource-Syntax">B.1 Resource Syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Menu-Definitions">B.2 Menu Definitions</a>
<li><a href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">B.3 Menu Files and Defaults</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Regular-Expressions" href="#Regular-Expressions">Appendix C Element Search/Regular Expressions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Regular-Expressions">C.1 Element Search/Regular Expressions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Standard-Drill-Sizes" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Appendix D Standard Drill Size Tables</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.1 American Standard Wire Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.2 American Standard Letter Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.3 Fractional Inch Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.4 Metric Drills</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Centroid-File-Format" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Appendix E Centroid (X-Y) File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.1 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.2 File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.3 Computation of Centroid and Rotation</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Annotation-File-Format" href="#Annotation-File-Format">Appendix F Annotation File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.1 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2 File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2.1 *COMMENT*</a>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2.2 *FILEVERSION*</a>
<li><a href="#Annotation-File-Format">F.2.3 *RENAME*</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Action-Reference" href="#Action-Reference">Appendix G Action Reference</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#core-actions">G.1 Core actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#AddRats-Action">G.1.1 AddRats</a>
<li><a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">G.1.2 ApplyVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Atomic-Action">G.1.3 Atomic</a>
<li><a href="#Attributes-Action">G.1.4 Attributes</a>
<li><a href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">G.1.5 AutoPlaceSelected</a>
<li><a href="#AutoRoute-Action">G.1.6 AutoRoute</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">G.1.7 ChangeClearSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">G.1.8 ChangeDrillSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeFlag-Action">G.1.9 ChangeFlag</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeHole-Action">G.1.10 ChangeHole</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeJoin-Action">G.1.11 ChangeJoin</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeName-Action">G.1.12 ChangeName</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">G.1.13 ChangeOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#ChangePaste-Action">G.1.14 ChangePaste</a>
<li><a href="#ChangePinName-Action">G.1.15 ChangePinName</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeSize-Action">G.1.16 ChangeSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeSquare-Action">G.1.17 ChangeSquare</a>
<li><a href="#ClearOctagon-Action">G.1.18 ClearOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#ClearSquare-Action">G.1.19 ClearSquare</a>
<li><a href="#ClrFlag-Action">G.1.20 ClrFlag</a>
<li><a href="#Connection-Action">G.1.21 Connection</a>
<li><a href="#Delete-Action">G.1.22 Delete</a>
<li><a href="#DeleteRats-Action">G.1.23 DeleteRats</a>
<li><a href="#DisableVendor-Action">G.1.24 DisableVendor</a>
<li><a href="#DisperseElements-Action">G.1.25 DisperseElements</a>
<li><a href="#Display-Action">G.1.26 Display</a>
<li><a href="#djopt-Action">G.1.27 djopt</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-Action">G.1.28 DRC</a>
<li><a href="#DumpLibrary-Action">G.1.29 DumpLibrary</a>
<li><a href="#elementlist-Action">G.1.30 elementlist</a>
<li><a href="#elementsetattr-Action">G.1.31 elementsetattr</a>
<li><a href="#EnableVendor-Action">G.1.32 EnableVendor</a>
<li><a href="#execcommand-Action">G.1.33 execcommand</a>
<li><a href="#ExecuteFile-Action">G.1.34 ExecuteFile</a>
<li><a href="#Flip-Action">G.1.35 Flip</a>
<li><a href="#FontEdit-Action">G.1.36 FontEdit</a>
<li><a href="#FontSave-Action">G.1.37 FontSave</a>
<li><a href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">G.1.38 FreeRotateBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#GlobalPuller-Action">G.1.39 GlobalPuller</a>
<li><a href="#Import-Action">G.1.40 Import</a>
<li><a href="#ListLayertypes-Action">G.1.41 ListLayertypes</a>
<li><a href="#LoadFootprint-Action">G.1.42 LoadFootprint</a>
<li><a href="#LoadFrom-Action">G.1.43 LoadFrom</a>
<li><a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">G.1.44 LoadVendorFrom</a>
<li><a href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">G.1.45 MarkCrosshair</a>
<li><a href="#Message-Action">G.1.46 Message</a>
<li><a href="#MinClearGap-Action">G.1.47 MinClearGap</a>
<li><a href="#MinMaskGap-Action">G.1.48 MinMaskGap</a>
<li><a href="#Mode-Action">G.1.49 Mode</a>
<li><a href="#MorphPolygon-Action">G.1.50 MorphPolygon</a>
<li><a href="#MoveLayer-Action">G.1.51 MoveLayer</a>
<li><a href="#MoveObject-Action">G.1.52 MoveObject</a>
<li><a href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">G.1.53 MoveToCurrentLayer</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-Action">G.1.54 Netlist</a>
<li><a href="#New-Action">G.1.55 New</a>
<li><a href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">G.1.56 OptAutoOnly</a>
<li><a href="#PasteBuffer-Action">G.1.57 PasteBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-Action">G.1.58 Polygon</a>
<li><a href="#Puller-Action">G.1.59 Puller</a>
<li><a href="#Quit-Action">G.1.60 Quit</a>
<li><a href="#Redo-Action">G.1.61 Redo</a>
<li><a href="#Relocate-Action">G.1.62 Relocate</a>
<li><a href="#RemoveSelected-Action">G.1.63 RemoveSelected</a>
<li><a href="#Renumber-Action">G.1.64 Renumber</a>
<li><a href="#RenumberBlock-Action">G.1.65 RenumberBlock</a>
<li><a href="#RenumberBuffer-Action">G.1.66 RenumberBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#Report-Action">G.1.67 Report</a>
<li><a href="#ReportDialog-Action">G.1.68 ReportDialog</a>
<li><a href="#RipUp-Action">G.1.69 RipUp</a>
<li><a href="#RouteStyle-Action">G.1.70 RouteStyle</a>
<li><a href="#SaveSettings-Action">G.1.71 SaveSettings</a>
<li><a href="#SaveTo-Action">G.1.72 SaveTo</a>
<li><a href="#Select-Action">G.1.73 Select</a>
<li><a href="#SetFlag-Action">G.1.74 SetFlag</a>
<li><a href="#SetLayertype-Action">G.1.75 SetLayertype</a>
<li><a href="#SetOctagon-Action">G.1.76 SetOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#SetSame-Action">G.1.77 SetSame</a>
<li><a href="#SetSquare-Action">G.1.78 SetSquare</a>
<li><a href="#SetThermal-Action">G.1.79 SetThermal</a>
<li><a href="#SetValue-Action">G.1.80 SetValue</a>
<li><a href="#SmartDisperse-Action">G.1.81 SmartDisperse</a>
<li><a href="#Teardrops-Action">G.1.82 Teardrops</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleHideName-Action">G.1.83 ToggleHideName</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">G.1.84 ToggleVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Undo-Action">G.1.85 Undo</a>
<li><a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">G.1.86 UnloadVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Unselect-Action">G.1.87 Unselect</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#common-actions">G.2 common actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#LayersChanged-Action">G.2.1 LayersChanged</a>
<li><a href="#LibraryChanged-Action">G.2.2 LibraryChanged</a>
<li><a href="#NetlistChanged-Action">G.2.3 NetlistChanged</a>
<li><a href="#PCBChanged-Action">G.2.4 PCBChanged</a>
<li><a href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">G.2.5 RouteStylesChanged</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#gtk-actions">G.3 gtk actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gtk-About-Action">G.3.1 gtk About</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">G.3.2 gtk AdjustStyle</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Center-Action">G.3.3 gtk Center</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">G.3.4 gtk Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">G.3.5 gtk DoWindows</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">G.3.6 gtk EditLayerGroups</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">G.3.7 gtk GetXY</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-ImportGUI-Action">G.3.8 gtk ImportGUI</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Pan-Action">G.3.9 gtk Pan</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Popup-Action">G.3.10 gtk Popup</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Print-Action">G.3.11 gtk Print</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">G.3.12 gtk PrintCalibrate</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Save-Action">G.3.13 gtk Save</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">G.3.14 gtk SelectLayer</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">G.3.15 gtk SetUnits</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">G.3.16 gtk SwapSides</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">G.3.17 gtk ToggleView</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">G.3.18 gtk Zoom</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#lesstif-actions">G.4 lesstif actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#lesstif-About-Action">G.4.1 lesstif About</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">G.4.2 lesstif AdjustSizes</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">G.4.3 lesstif AdjustStyle</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">G.4.4 lesstif Benchmark</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Command-Action">G.4.5 lesstif Command</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">G.4.6 lesstif Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">G.4.7 lesstif Debug</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">G.4.8 lesstif DebugXY</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">G.4.9 lesstif DoWindows</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">G.4.10 lesstif DumpKeys</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">G.4.11 lesstif EditLayerGroups</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Export-Action">G.4.12 lesstif Export</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">G.4.13 lesstif GetXY</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-ImportGUI-Action">G.4.14 lesstif ImportGUI</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">G.4.15 lesstif LibraryShow</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Load-Action">G.4.16 lesstif Load</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">G.4.17 lesstif LoadVendor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">G.4.18 lesstif NetlistShow</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Print-Action">G.4.19 lesstif Print</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">G.4.20 lesstif PrintCalibrate</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">G.4.21 lesstif PromptFor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Return-Action">G.4.22 lesstif Return</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Save-Action">G.4.23 lesstif Save</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">G.4.24 lesstif SelectLayer</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">G.4.25 lesstif SetUnits</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">G.4.26 lesstif SwapSides</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">G.4.27 lesstif ToggleView</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">G.4.28 lesstif Zoom</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Glossary" href="#Glossary">Appendix H Glossary</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Resources</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Concepts</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
</body></html>
|