This file is indexed.

/usr/lib/perl5/DBD/mysql.pm is in libdbd-mysql-perl 4.020-1build2.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
#   -*- cperl -*-

package DBD::mysql;
use 5.005; #$! is used
use strict;
use vars qw(@ISA $VERSION $err $errstr $drh);

use DBI ();
use DynaLoader();
use Carp ();
@ISA = qw(DynaLoader);

$VERSION = '4.020';

bootstrap DBD::mysql $VERSION;


$err = 0;	# holds error code   for DBI::err
$errstr = "";	# holds error string for DBI::errstr
$drh = undef;	# holds driver handle once initialised

sub driver{
    return $drh if $drh;
    my($class, $attr) = @_;

    $class .= "::dr";

    # not a 'my' since we use it above to prevent multiple drivers
    $drh = DBI::_new_drh($class, { 'Name' => 'mysql',
				   'Version' => $VERSION,
				   'Err'    => \$DBD::mysql::err,
				   'Errstr' => \$DBD::mysql::errstr,
				   'Attribution' => 'DBD::mysql by Patrick Galbraith'
				 });

    DBD::mysql::db->install_method('mysql_fd');
    DBD::mysql::db->install_method('mysql_async_result');
    DBD::mysql::db->install_method('mysql_async_ready');
    DBD::mysql::st->install_method('mysql_async_result');
    DBD::mysql::st->install_method('mysql_async_ready');

    $drh;
}

sub CLONE {
  undef $drh;
}

sub _OdbcParse($$$) {
    my($class, $dsn, $hash, $args) = @_;
    my($var, $val);
    if (!defined($dsn)) {
	return;
    }
    while (length($dsn)) {
	if ($dsn =~ /([^:;]*)[:;](.*)/) {
	    $val = $1;
	    $dsn = $2;
	} else {
	    $val = $dsn;
	    $dsn = '';
	}
	if ($val =~ /([^=]*)=(.*)/) {
	    $var = $1;
	    $val = $2;
	    if ($var eq 'hostname'  ||  $var eq 'host') {
		$hash->{'host'} = $val;
	    } elsif ($var eq 'db'  ||  $var eq 'dbname') {
		$hash->{'database'} = $val;
	    } else {
		$hash->{$var} = $val;
	    }
	} else {
	    foreach $var (@$args) {
		if (!defined($hash->{$var})) {
		    $hash->{$var} = $val;
		    last;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
}

sub _OdbcParseHost ($$) {
    my($class, $dsn) = @_;
    my($hash) = {};
    $class->_OdbcParse($dsn, $hash, ['host', 'port']);
    ($hash->{'host'}, $hash->{'port'});
}

sub AUTOLOAD {
    my ($meth) = $DBD::mysql::AUTOLOAD;
    my ($smeth) = $meth;
    $smeth =~ s/(.*)\:\://;

    my $val = constant($smeth, @_ ? $_[0] : 0);
    if ($! == 0) { eval "sub $meth { $val }"; return $val; }

    Carp::croak "$meth: Not defined";
}

1;


package DBD::mysql::dr; # ====== DRIVER ======
use strict;
use DBI qw(:sql_types);
use DBI::Const::GetInfoType;

sub connect {
    my($drh, $dsn, $username, $password, $attrhash) = @_;
    my($port);
    my($cWarn);
    my $connect_ref= { 'Name' => $dsn };
    my $dbi_imp_data;

    # Avoid warnings for undefined values
    $username ||= '';
    $password ||= '';
    $attrhash ||= {};

    # create a 'blank' dbh
    my($this, $privateAttrHash) = (undef, $attrhash);
    $privateAttrHash = { %$privateAttrHash,
	'Name' => $dsn,
	'user' => $username,
	'password' => $password
    };

    DBD::mysql->_OdbcParse($dsn, $privateAttrHash,
				    ['database', 'host', 'port']);


    if ($DBI::VERSION >= 1.49)
    {
      $dbi_imp_data = delete $attrhash->{dbi_imp_data};
      $connect_ref->{'dbi_imp_data'} = $dbi_imp_data;
    }

    if (!defined($this = DBI::_new_dbh($drh,
            $connect_ref,
            $privateAttrHash)))
    {
      return undef;
    }

    # Call msqlConnect func in mSQL.xs file
    # and populate internal handle data.
    DBD::mysql::db::_login($this, $dsn, $username, $password)
	  or $this = undef;

    if ($this && ($ENV{MOD_PERL} || $ENV{GATEWAY_INTERFACE})) {
        $this->{mysql_auto_reconnect} = 1;
    }
    $this;
}

sub data_sources {
    my($self) = shift;
    my($attributes) = shift;
    my($host, $port, $user, $password) = ('', '', '', '');
    if ($attributes) {
      $host = $attributes->{host} || '';
      $port = $attributes->{port} || '';
      $user = $attributes->{user} || '';
      $password = $attributes->{password} || '';
    }
    my(@dsn) = $self->func($host, $port, $user, $password, '_ListDBs');
    my($i);
    for ($i = 0;  $i < @dsn;  $i++) {
	$dsn[$i] = "DBI:mysql:$dsn[$i]";
    }
    @dsn;
}

sub admin {
    my($drh) = shift;
    my($command) = shift;
    my($dbname) = ($command eq 'createdb'  ||  $command eq 'dropdb') ?
	shift : '';
    my($host, $port) = DBD::mysql->_OdbcParseHost(shift(@_) || '');
    my($user) = shift || '';
    my($password) = shift || '';

    $drh->func(undef, $command,
	       $dbname || '',
	       $host || '',
	       $port || '',
	       $user, $password, '_admin_internal');
}

package DBD::mysql::db; # ====== DATABASE ======
use strict;
use DBI qw(:sql_types);

%DBD::mysql::db::db2ANSI = ("INT"   =>  "INTEGER",
			   "CHAR"  =>  "CHAR",
			   "REAL"  =>  "REAL",
			   "IDENT" =>  "DECIMAL"
                          );

### ANSI datatype mapping to mSQL datatypes
%DBD::mysql::db::ANSI2db = ("CHAR"          => "CHAR",
			   "VARCHAR"       => "CHAR",
			   "LONGVARCHAR"   => "CHAR",
			   "NUMERIC"       => "INTEGER",
			   "DECIMAL"       => "INTEGER",
			   "BIT"           => "INTEGER",
			   "TINYINT"       => "INTEGER",
			   "SMALLINT"      => "INTEGER",
			   "INTEGER"       => "INTEGER",
			   "BIGINT"        => "INTEGER",
			   "REAL"          => "REAL",
			   "FLOAT"         => "REAL",
			   "DOUBLE"        => "REAL",
			   "BINARY"        => "CHAR",
			   "VARBINARY"     => "CHAR",
			   "LONGVARBINARY" => "CHAR",
			   "DATE"          => "CHAR",
			   "TIME"          => "CHAR",
			   "TIMESTAMP"     => "CHAR"
			  );

sub prepare {
    my($dbh, $statement, $attribs)= @_;

    return unless $dbh->func('_async_check');

    # create a 'blank' dbh
    my $sth = DBI::_new_sth($dbh, {'Statement' => $statement});

    # Populate internal handle data.
    if (!DBD::mysql::st::_prepare($sth, $statement, $attribs)) {
	$sth = undef;
    }

    $sth;
}

sub db2ANSI {
    my $self = shift;
    my $type = shift;
    return $DBD::mysql::db::db2ANSI{"$type"};
}

sub ANSI2db {
    my $self = shift;
    my $type = shift;
    return $DBD::mysql::db::ANSI2db{"$type"};
}

sub admin {
    my($dbh) = shift;
    my($command) = shift;
    my($dbname) = ($command eq 'createdb'  ||  $command eq 'dropdb') ?
	shift : '';
    $dbh->{'Driver'}->func($dbh, $command, $dbname, '', '', '',
			   '_admin_internal');
}

sub _SelectDB ($$) {
    die "_SelectDB is removed from this module; use DBI->connect instead.";
}

sub table_info ($) {
  my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table, $type, $attr) = @_;
  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}||= 0;
  my $mysql_server_prepare_save= $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare};
  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= 0;
  my @names = qw(TABLE_CAT TABLE_SCHEM TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE REMARKS);
  my @rows;

  my $sponge = DBI->connect("DBI:Sponge:", '','')
    or return $dbh->DBI::set_err($DBI::err, "DBI::Sponge: $DBI::errstr");

# Return the list of catalogs
  if (defined $catalog && $catalog eq "%" &&
      (!defined($schema) || $schema eq "") &&
      (!defined($table) || $table eq ""))
  {
    @rows = (); # Empty, because MySQL doesn't support catalogs (yet)
  }
  # Return the list of schemas
  elsif (defined $schema && $schema eq "%" &&
      (!defined($catalog) || $catalog eq "") &&
      (!defined($table) || $table eq ""))
  {
    my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW DATABASES")
      or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
          return undef);

    $sth->execute()
      or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
        return DBI::set_err($dbh, $sth->err(), $sth->errstr()));

    while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref())
    {
      push(@rows, [ undef, $ref->[0], undef, undef, undef ]);
    }
  }
  # Return the list of table types
  elsif (defined $type && $type eq "%" &&
      (!defined($catalog) || $catalog eq "") &&
      (!defined($schema) || $schema eq "") &&
      (!defined($table) || $table eq ""))
  {
    @rows = (
        [ undef, undef, undef, "TABLE", undef ],
        [ undef, undef, undef, "VIEW",  undef ],
        );
  }
  # Special case: a catalog other than undef, "", or "%"
  elsif (defined $catalog && $catalog ne "" && $catalog ne "%")
  {
    @rows = (); # Nothing, because MySQL doesn't support catalogs yet.
  }
  # Uh oh, we actually have a meaty table_info call. Work is required!
  else
  {
    my @schemas;
    # If no table was specified, we want them all
    $table ||= "%";

    # If something was given for the schema, we need to expand it to
    # a list of schemas, since it may be a wildcard.
    if (defined $schema && $schema ne "")
    {
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW DATABASES LIKE " .
          $dbh->quote($schema))
        or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
        return undef);
      $sth->execute()
        or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
        return DBI::set_err($dbh, $sth->err(), $sth->errstr()));

      while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref())
      {
        push @schemas, $ref->[0];
      }
    }
    # Otherwise we want the current database
    else
    {
      push @schemas, $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT DATABASE()");
    }

    # Figure out which table types are desired
    my ($want_tables, $want_views);
    if (defined $type && $type ne "")
    {
      $want_tables = ($type =~ m/table/i);
      $want_views  = ($type =~ m/view/i);
    }
    else
    {
      $want_tables = $want_views = 1;
    }

    for my $database (@schemas)
    {
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW /*!50002 FULL*/ TABLES FROM " .
          $dbh->quote_identifier($database) .
          " LIKE " .  $dbh->quote($table))
          or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
          return undef);

      $sth->execute() or
          ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
          return DBI::set_err($dbh, $sth->err(), $sth->errstr()));

      while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref())
      {
        my $type = (defined $ref->[1] &&
            $ref->[1] =~ /view/i) ? 'VIEW' : 'TABLE';
        next if $type eq 'TABLE' && not $want_tables;
        next if $type eq 'VIEW'  && not $want_views;
        push @rows, [ undef, $database, $ref->[0], $type, undef ];
      }
    }
  }

  my $sth = $sponge->prepare("table_info",
  {
    rows          => \@rows,
    NUM_OF_FIELDS => scalar @names,
    NAME          => \@names,
  })
    or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
      return $dbh->DBI::set_err($sponge->err(), $sponge->errstr()));

  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save;
  return $sth;
}

sub _ListTables {
  my $dbh = shift;
  if (!$DBD::mysql::QUIET) {
    warn "_ListTables is deprecated, use \$dbh->tables()";
  }
  return map { $_ =~ s/.*\.//; $_ } $dbh->tables();
}


sub column_info {
  my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table, $column) = @_;

  return unless $dbh->func('_async_check');

  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}||= 0;
  my $mysql_server_prepare_save= $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare};
  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= 0;

  # ODBC allows a NULL to mean all columns, so we'll accept undef
  $column = '%' unless defined $column;

  my $ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE= 1146;

  my $table_id = $dbh->quote_identifier($catalog, $schema, $table);

  my @names = qw(
      TABLE_CAT TABLE_SCHEM TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME
      DATA_TYPE TYPE_NAME COLUMN_SIZE BUFFER_LENGTH DECIMAL_DIGITS
      NUM_PREC_RADIX NULLABLE REMARKS COLUMN_DEF
      SQL_DATA_TYPE SQL_DATETIME_SUB CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH
      ORDINAL_POSITION IS_NULLABLE CHAR_SET_CAT
      CHAR_SET_SCHEM CHAR_SET_NAME COLLATION_CAT COLLATION_SCHEM COLLATION_NAME
      UDT_CAT UDT_SCHEM UDT_NAME DOMAIN_CAT DOMAIN_SCHEM DOMAIN_NAME
      SCOPE_CAT SCOPE_SCHEM SCOPE_NAME MAX_CARDINALITY
      DTD_IDENTIFIER IS_SELF_REF
      mysql_is_pri_key mysql_type_name mysql_values
      mysql_is_auto_increment
      );
  my %col_info;

  local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc';
  # only ignore ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE in internal_execute if issued from here
  my $desc_sth = $dbh->prepare("DESCRIBE $table_id " . $dbh->quote($column));
  my $desc = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($desc_sth, { Columns=>{} });

  #return $desc_sth if $desc_sth->err();
  if (my $err = $desc_sth->err())
  {
    # return the error, unless it is due to the table not
    # existing per DBI spec
    if ($err != $ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE)
    {
      $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save;
      return undef;
    }
    $dbh->set_err(undef,undef);
    $desc = [];
  }

  my $ordinal_pos = 0;
  for my $row (@$desc)
  {
    my $type = $row->{type};
    $type =~ m/^(\w+)(?:\((.*?)\))?\s*(.*)/;
    my $basetype  = lc($1);
    my $typemod   = $2;
    my $attr      = $3;

    my $info = $col_info{ $row->{field} }= {
	    TABLE_CAT               => $catalog,
	    TABLE_SCHEM             => $schema,
	    TABLE_NAME              => $table,
	    COLUMN_NAME             => $row->{field},
	    NULLABLE                => ($row->{null} eq 'YES') ? 1 : 0,
	    IS_NULLABLE             => ($row->{null} eq 'YES') ? "YES" : "NO",
	    TYPE_NAME               => uc($basetype),
	    COLUMN_DEF              => $row->{default},
	    ORDINAL_POSITION        => ++$ordinal_pos,
	    mysql_is_pri_key        => ($row->{key}  eq 'PRI'),
	    mysql_type_name         => $row->{type},
      mysql_is_auto_increment => ($row->{extra} =~ /auto_increment/i ? 1 : 0),
    };
    #
	  # This code won't deal with a pathalogical case where a value
	  # contains a single quote followed by a comma, and doesn't unescape
	  # any escaped values. But who would use those in an enum or set?
    #
	  my @type_params= ($typemod && index($typemod,"'")>=0) ?
      ("$typemod," =~ /'(.*?)',/g)  # assume all are quoted
			: split /,/, $typemod||'';      # no quotes, plain list
	  s/''/'/g for @type_params;                # undo doubling of quotes

	  my @type_attr= split / /, $attr||'';

  	$info->{DATA_TYPE}= SQL_VARCHAR();
    if ($basetype =~ /^(char|varchar|\w*text|\w*blob)/)
    {
      $info->{DATA_TYPE}= SQL_CHAR() if $basetype eq 'char';
      if ($type_params[0])
      {
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0];
      }
      else
      {
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 65535;
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 255        if $basetype =~ /^tiny/;
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 16777215   if $basetype =~ /^medium/;
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 4294967295 if $basetype =~ /^long/;
      }
    }
	  elsif ($basetype =~ /^(binary|varbinary)/)
    {
      $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0];
	    # SQL_BINARY & SQL_VARBINARY are tempting here but don't match the
	    # semantics for mysql (not hex). SQL_CHAR &  SQL_VARCHAR are correct here.
	    $info->{DATA_TYPE} = ($basetype eq 'binary') ? SQL_CHAR() : SQL_VARCHAR();
    }
    elsif ($basetype =~ /^(enum|set)/)
    {
	    if ($basetype eq 'set')
      {
		    $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = length(join ",", @type_params);
	    }
	    else
      {
        my $max_len = 0;
        length($_) > $max_len and $max_len = length($_) for @type_params;
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $max_len;
	    }
	    $info->{"mysql_values"} = \@type_params;
    }
    elsif ($basetype =~ /int/)
    {
      # big/medium/small/tiny etc + unsigned?
	    $info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_INTEGER();
	    $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 10;
	    $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0];
    }
    elsif ($basetype =~ /^decimal/)
    {
      $info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_DECIMAL();
      $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 10;
      $info->{COLUMN_SIZE}    = $type_params[0];
      $info->{DECIMAL_DIGITS} = $type_params[1];
    }
    elsif ($basetype =~ /^(float|double)/)
    {
	    $info->{DATA_TYPE} = ($basetype eq 'float') ? SQL_FLOAT() : SQL_DOUBLE();
	    $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 2;
	    $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = ($basetype eq 'float') ? 32 : 64;
    }
    elsif ($basetype =~ /date|time/)
    {
      # date/datetime/time/timestamp
	    if ($basetype eq 'time' or $basetype eq 'date')
      {
		    #$info->{DATA_TYPE}   = ($basetype eq 'time') ? SQL_TYPE_TIME() : SQL_TYPE_DATE();
        $info->{DATA_TYPE}   = ($basetype eq 'time') ? SQL_TIME() : SQL_DATE();
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = ($basetype eq 'time') ? 8 : 10;
      }
	    else
      {
        # datetime/timestamp
        #$info->{DATA_TYPE}     = SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP();
		    $info->{DATA_TYPE}        = SQL_TIMESTAMP();
		    $info->{SQL_DATA_TYPE}    = SQL_DATETIME();
        $info->{SQL_DATETIME_SUB} = $info->{DATA_TYPE} - ($info->{SQL_DATA_TYPE} * 10);
        $info->{COLUMN_SIZE}      = ($basetype eq 'datetime') ? 19 : $type_params[0] || 14;
	    }
	    $info->{DECIMAL_DIGITS}= 0; # no fractional seconds
    }
    elsif ($basetype eq 'year')
    {
      # no close standard so treat as int
	    $info->{DATA_TYPE}      = SQL_INTEGER();
	    $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 10;
	    $info->{COLUMN_SIZE}    = 4;
	  }
	  else
    {
	    Carp::carp("column_info: unrecognized column type '$basetype' of $table_id.$row->{field} treated as varchar");
    }
    $info->{SQL_DATA_TYPE} ||= $info->{DATA_TYPE};
    #warn Dumper($info);
  }

  my $sponge = DBI->connect("DBI:Sponge:", '','')
    or (  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
          return $dbh->DBI::set_err($DBI::err, "DBI::Sponge: $DBI::errstr"));

  my $sth = $sponge->prepare("column_info $table", {
      rows          => [ map { [ @{$_}{@names} ] } values %col_info ],
      NUM_OF_FIELDS => scalar @names,
      NAME          => \@names,
      }) or
  return ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
          $dbh->DBI::set_err($sponge->err(), $sponge->errstr()));

  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save;
  return $sth;
}


sub primary_key_info {
  my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table) = @_;

  return unless $dbh->func('_async_check');

  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}||= 0;
  my $mysql_server_prepare_save= $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare};

  my $table_id = $dbh->quote_identifier($catalog, $schema, $table);

  my @names = qw(
      TABLE_CAT TABLE_SCHEM TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME KEY_SEQ PK_NAME
      );
  my %col_info;

  local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc';
  my $desc_sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW KEYS FROM $table_id");
  my $desc= $dbh->selectall_arrayref($desc_sth, { Columns=>{} });
  my $ordinal_pos = 0;
  for my $row (grep { $_->{key_name} eq 'PRIMARY'} @$desc)
  {
    $col_info{ $row->{column_name} }= {
      TABLE_CAT   => $catalog,
      TABLE_SCHEM => $schema,
      TABLE_NAME  => $table,
      COLUMN_NAME => $row->{column_name},
      KEY_SEQ     => $row->{seq_in_index},
      PK_NAME     => $row->{key_name},
    };
  }

  my $sponge = DBI->connect("DBI:Sponge:", '','')
    or
     ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
      return $dbh->DBI::set_err($DBI::err, "DBI::Sponge: $DBI::errstr"));

  my $sth= $sponge->prepare("primary_key_info $table", {
      rows          => [ map { [ @{$_}{@names} ] } values %col_info ],
      NUM_OF_FIELDS => scalar @names,
      NAME          => \@names,
      }) or
       ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save &&
        return $dbh->DBI::set_err($sponge->err(), $sponge->errstr()));

  $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save;

  return $sth;
}


sub foreign_key_info {
    my ($dbh,
        $pk_catalog, $pk_schema, $pk_table,
        $fk_catalog, $fk_schema, $fk_table,
       ) = @_;

    return unless $dbh->func('_async_check');

    # INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE was added in 5.0.6
    # no one is going to be running 5.0.6, taking out the check for $point > .6
    my ($maj, $min, $point) = _version($dbh);
    return if $maj < 5 ;

    my $sql = <<'EOF';
SELECT NULL AS PKTABLE_CAT,
       A.REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA AS PKTABLE_SCHEM,
       A.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME AS PKTABLE_NAME,
       A.REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME AS PKCOLUMN_NAME,
       A.TABLE_CATALOG AS FKTABLE_CAT,
       A.TABLE_SCHEMA AS FKTABLE_SCHEM,
       A.TABLE_NAME AS FKTABLE_NAME,
       A.COLUMN_NAME AS FKCOLUMN_NAME,
       A.ORDINAL_POSITION AS KEY_SEQ,
       NULL AS UPDATE_RULE,
       NULL AS DELETE_RULE,
       A.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS FK_NAME,
       NULL AS PK_NAME,
       NULL AS DEFERABILITY,
       NULL AS UNIQUE_OR_PRIMARY
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE A,
       INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS B
 WHERE A.TABLE_SCHEMA = B.TABLE_SCHEMA AND A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME
   AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND B.CONSTRAINT_TYPE IS NOT NULL
EOF

    my @where;
    my @bind;

    # catalogs are not yet supported by MySQL

#    if (defined $pk_catalog) {
#        push @where, 'A.REFERENCED_TABLE_CATALOG = ?';
#        push @bind, $pk_catalog;
#    }

    if (defined $pk_schema) {
        push @where, 'A.REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA = ?';
        push @bind, $pk_schema;
    }

    if (defined $pk_table) {
        push @where, 'A.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME = ?';
        push @bind, $pk_table;
    }

#    if (defined $fk_catalog) {
#        push @where, 'A.TABLE_CATALOG = ?';
#        push @bind,  $fk_schema;
#    }

    if (defined $fk_schema) {
        push @where, 'A.TABLE_SCHEMA = ?';
        push @bind,  $fk_schema;
    }

    if (defined $fk_table) {
        push @where, 'A.TABLE_NAME = ?';
        push @bind,  $fk_table;
    }

    if (@where) {
        $sql .= ' AND ';
        $sql .= join ' AND ', @where;
    }
    $sql .= " ORDER BY A.TABLE_SCHEMA, A.TABLE_NAME, A.ORDINAL_POSITION";

    local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_uc';
    my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
    $sth->execute(@bind);

    return $sth;
}


sub _version {
    my $dbh = shift;

    return
        $dbh->get_info($DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_VER})
            =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/;
}


####################
# get_info()
# Generated by DBI::DBD::Metadata

sub get_info {
    my($dbh, $info_type) = @_;

    return unless $dbh->func('_async_check');
    require DBD::mysql::GetInfo;
    my $v = $DBD::mysql::GetInfo::info{int($info_type)};
    $v = $v->($dbh) if ref $v eq 'CODE';
    return $v;
}

BEGIN {
    my @needs_async_check = qw/data_sources statistics_info quote_identifier begin_work/;

    foreach my $method (@needs_async_check) {
        no strict 'refs';

        my $super = "SUPER::$method";
        *$method  = sub {
            my $h = shift;
            return unless $h->func('_async_check');
            return $h->$super(@_);
        };
    }
}


package DBD::mysql::st; # ====== STATEMENT ======
use strict;

BEGIN {
    my @needs_async_result = qw/fetchrow_hashref fetchall_hashref/;
    my @needs_async_check = qw/bind_param_array bind_col bind_columns execute_for_fetch/;

    foreach my $method (@needs_async_result) {
        no strict 'refs';

        my $super = "SUPER::$method";
        *$method = sub {
            my $sth = shift;
            if(defined $sth->mysql_async_ready) {
                return unless $sth->mysql_async_result;
            }
            return $sth->$super(@_);
        };
    }

    foreach my $method (@needs_async_check) {
        no strict 'refs';

        my $super = "SUPER::$method";
        *$method = sub {
            my $h = shift;
            return unless $h->func('_async_check');
            return $h->$super(@_);
        };
    }
}

1;

__END__

=pod

=head1 NAME

DBD::mysql - MySQL driver for the Perl5 Database Interface (DBI)

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use DBI;

    $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port";

    $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);


    $drh = DBI->install_driver("mysql");
    @databases = DBI->data_sources("mysql");
       or
    @databases = DBI->data_sources("mysql",
      {"host" => $host, "port" => $port, "user" => $user, password => $pass});

    $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bla");
       or
    $sth = $dbh->prepare("LISTFIELDS $table");
       or
    $sth = $dbh->prepare("LISTINDEX $table $index");
    $sth->execute;
    $numRows = $sth->rows;
    $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
    $sth->finish;

    $rc = $drh->func('createdb', $database, $host, $user, $password, 'admin');
    $rc = $drh->func('dropdb', $database, $host, $user, $password, 'admin');
    $rc = $drh->func('shutdown', $host, $user, $password, 'admin');
    $rc = $drh->func('reload', $host, $user, $password, 'admin');

    $rc = $dbh->func('createdb', $database, 'admin');
    $rc = $dbh->func('dropdb', $database, 'admin');
    $rc = $dbh->func('shutdown', 'admin');
    $rc = $dbh->func('reload', 'admin');


=head1 EXAMPLE

  #!/usr/bin/perl

  use strict;
  use DBI();

  # Connect to the database.
  my $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost",
                         "joe", "joe's password",
                         {'RaiseError' => 1});

  # Drop table 'foo'. This may fail, if 'foo' doesn't exist.
  # Thus we put an eval around it.
  eval { $dbh->do("DROP TABLE foo") };
  print "Dropping foo failed: $@\n" if $@;

  # Create a new table 'foo'. This must not fail, thus we don't
  # catch errors.
  $dbh->do("CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER, name VARCHAR(20))");

  # INSERT some data into 'foo'. We are using $dbh->quote() for
  # quoting the name.
  $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, " . $dbh->quote("Tim") . ")");

  # Same thing, but using placeholders
  $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)", undef, 2, "Jochen");

  # Now retrieve data from the table.
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM foo");
  $sth->execute();
  while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
    print "Found a row: id = $ref->{'id'}, name = $ref->{'name'}\n";
  }
  $sth->finish();

  # Disconnect from the database.
  $dbh->disconnect();


=head1 DESCRIPTION

B<DBD::mysql> is the Perl5 Database Interface driver for the MySQL
database. In other words: DBD::mysql is an interface between the Perl
programming language and the MySQL programming API that comes with
the MySQL relational database management system. Most functions
provided by this programming API are supported. Some rarely used
functions are missing, mainly because noone ever requested
them. :-)

In what follows we first discuss the use of DBD::mysql,
because this is what you will need the most. For installation, see the
sections on L<INSTALLATION>, and L<WIN32 INSTALLATION>
below. See L<EXAMPLE> for a simple example above.

From perl you activate the interface with the statement

    use DBI;

After that you can connect to multiple MySQL database servers
and send multiple queries to any of them via a simple object oriented
interface. Two types of objects are available: database handles and
statement handles. Perl returns a database handle to the connect
method like so:

  $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=$db;host=$host",
		      $user, $password, {RaiseError => 1});

Once you have connected to a database, you can can execute SQL
statements with:

  my $query = sprintf("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (%d, %s)",
		      $number, $dbh->quote("name"));
  $dbh->do($query);

See L<DBI(3)> for details on the quote and do methods. An alternative
approach is

  $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)", undef,
	   $number, $name);

in which case the quote method is executed automatically. See also
the bind_param method in L<DBI(3)>. See L<DATABASE HANDLES> below
for more details on database handles.

If you want to retrieve results, you need to create a so-called
statement handle with:

  $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table");
  $sth->execute();

This statement handle can be used for multiple things. First of all
you can retreive a row of data:

  my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref();

If your table has columns ID and NAME, then $row will be hash ref with
keys ID and NAME. See L<STATEMENT HANDLES> below for more details on
statement handles.

But now for a more formal approach:


=head2 Class Methods

=over

=item B<connect>

    use DBI;

    $dsn = "DBI:mysql:$database";
    $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname";
    $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port";

    $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);

A C<database> must always be specified.

=over

=item host

=item port

The hostname, if not specified or specified as '' or 'localhost', will
default to a MySQL server running on the local machine using the default for
the UNIX socket. To connect to a MySQL server on the local machine via TCP,
you must specify the loopback IP address (127.0.0.1) as the host.

Should the MySQL server be running on a non-standard port number,
you may explicitly state the port number to connect to in the C<hostname>
argument, by concatenating the I<hostname> and I<port number> together
separated by a colon ( C<:> ) character or by using the  C<port> argument.

To connect to a MySQL server on localhost using TCP/IP, you must specify the
hostname as 127.0.0.1 (with the optional port).

=item mysql_client_found_rows

Enables (TRUE value) or disables (FALSE value) the flag CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS
while connecting to the MySQL server. This has a somewhat funny effect:
Without mysql_client_found_rows, if you perform a query like

  UPDATE $table SET id = 1 WHERE id = 1

then the MySQL engine will always return 0, because no rows have changed.
With mysql_client_found_rows however, it will return the number of rows
that have an id 1, as some people are expecting. (At least for compatibility
to other engines.)

=item mysql_compression

As of MySQL 3.22.3, a new feature is supported: If your DSN contains
the option "mysql_compression=1", then the communication between client
and server will be compressed.

=item mysql_connect_timeout

If your DSN contains the option "mysql_connect_timeout=##", the connect
request to the server will timeout if it has not been successful after
the given number of seconds.

 =item mysql_init_command

 If your DSN contains the option "mysql_init_command_timeout=##", then
 this SQL statement is executed when connecting to the MySQL server.
 It is automatically re-executed if reconnection occurs.

=item mysql_read_default_file

=item mysql_read_default_group

These options can be used to read a config file like /etc/my.cnf or
~/.my.cnf. By default MySQL's C client library doesn't use any config
files unlike the client programs (mysql, mysqladmin, ...) that do, but
outside of the C client library. Thus you need to explicitly request
reading a config file, as in

    $dsn = "DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf";
    $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password)

The option mysql_read_default_group can be used to specify the default
group in the config file: Usually this is the I<client> group, but
see the following example:

    [client]
    host=localhost

    [perl]
    host=perlhost

(Note the order of the entries! The example won't work, if you reverse
the [client] and [perl] sections!)

If you read this config file, then you'll be typically connected to
I<localhost>. However, by using

    $dsn = "DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_group=perl;"
        . "mysql_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf";
    $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);

you'll be connected to I<perlhost>. Note that if you specify a
default group and do not specify a file, then the default config
files will all be read.  See the documentation of
the C function mysql_options() for details.

=item mysql_socket

As of MySQL 3.21.15, it is possible to choose the Unix socket that is
used for connecting to the server. This is done, for example, with

    mysql_socket=/dev/mysql

Usually there's no need for this option, unless you are using another
location for the socket than that built into the client.

=item mysql_ssl

A true value turns on the CLIENT_SSL flag when connecting to the MySQL
database:

  mysql_ssl=1

This means that your communication with the server will be encrypted.

If you turn mysql_ssl on, you might also wish to use the following
flags:

=item mysql_ssl_client_key

=item mysql_ssl_client_cert

=item mysql_ssl_ca_file

=item mysql_ssl_ca_path

=item mysql_ssl_cipher

These are used to specify the respective parameters of a call
to mysql_ssl_set, if mysql_ssl is turned on.


=item mysql_local_infile

As of MySQL 3.23.49, the LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA may be disabled
in the MySQL client library by default. If your DSN contains the option
"mysql_local_infile=1", LOAD DATA LOCAL will be enabled.  (However,
this option is *ineffective* if the server has also been configured to
disallow LOCAL.)

=item mysql_multi_statements

As of MySQL 4.1, support for multiple statements separated by a semicolon
(;) may be enabled by using this option. Enabling this option may cause
problems if server-side prepared statements are also enabled.

=item Prepared statement support (server side prepare)

As of 3.0002_1, server side prepare statements were on by default (if your
server was >= 4.1.3). As of 3.0009, they were off by default again due to
issues with the prepared statement API (all other mysql connectors are
set this way until C API issues are resolved). The requirement to use
prepared statements still remains that you have a server >= 4.1.3

To use server side prepared statements, all you need to do is set the variable
mysql_server_prepare in the connect:

$dbh = DBI->connect(
                    "DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost;mysql_server_prepare=1",
                    "",
                    "",
                    { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1 }
                    );

* Note: delimiter for this param is ';'

There are many benefits to using server side prepare statements, mostly if you are
performing many inserts because of that fact that a single statement is prepared
to accept multiple insert values.

To make sure that the 'make test' step tests whether server prepare works, you just
need to export the env variable MYSQL_SERVER_PREPARE:

export MYSQL_SERVER_PREPARE=1


=item mysql_embedded_options

The option <mysql_embedded_options> can be used to pass 'command-line'
options to embedded server.

Example:

use DBI;
$testdsn="DBI:mysqlEmb:database=test;mysql_embedded_options=--help,--verbose";
$dbh = DBI->connect($testdsn,"a","b");

This would cause the command line help to the embedded MySQL server library
to be printed.


=item mysql_embedded_groups

The option <mysql_embedded_groups> can be used to specify the groups in the
config file(I<my.cnf>) which will be used to get options for embedded server.
If not specified [server] and [embedded] groups will be used.

Example:

$testdsn="DBI:mysqlEmb:database=test;mysql_embedded_groups=embedded_server,common";


=back

=back


=head2 Private MetaData Methods

=over

=item B<ListDBs>

    my $drh = DBI->install_driver("mysql");
    @dbs = $drh->func("$hostname:$port", '_ListDBs');
    @dbs = $drh->func($hostname, $port, '_ListDBs');
    @dbs = $dbh->func('_ListDBs');

Returns a list of all databases managed by the MySQL server
running on C<$hostname>, port C<$port>. This is a legacy
method.  Instead, you should use the portable method

    @dbs = DBI->data_sources("mysql");

=back


=head2 Server Administration

=over

=item admin

    $rc = $drh->func("createdb", $dbname, [host, user, password,], 'admin');
    $rc = $drh->func("dropdb", $dbname, [host, user, password,], 'admin');
    $rc = $drh->func("shutdown", [host, user, password,], 'admin');
    $rc = $drh->func("reload", [host, user, password,], 'admin');

      or

    $rc = $dbh->func("createdb", $dbname, 'admin');
    $rc = $dbh->func("dropdb", $dbname, 'admin');
    $rc = $dbh->func("shutdown", 'admin');
    $rc = $dbh->func("reload", 'admin');

For server administration you need a server connection. For obtaining
this connection you have two options: Either use a driver handle (drh)
and supply the appropriate arguments (host, defaults localhost, user,
defaults to '' and password, defaults to ''). A driver handle can be
obtained with

    $drh = DBI->install_driver('mysql');

Otherwise reuse the existing connection of a database handle (dbh).

There's only one function available for administrative purposes, comparable
to the m(y)sqladmin programs. The command being execute depends on the
first argument:

=over

=item createdb

Creates the database $dbname. Equivalent to "m(y)sqladmin create $dbname".

=item dropdb

Drops the database $dbname. Equivalent to "m(y)sqladmin drop $dbname".

It should be noted that database deletion is
I<not prompted for> in any way.  Nor is it undo-able from DBI.

    Once you issue the dropDB() method, the database will be gone!

These method should be used at your own risk.

=item shutdown

Silently shuts down the database engine. (Without prompting!)
Equivalent to "m(y)sqladmin shutdown".

=item reload

Reloads the servers configuration files and/or tables. This can be particularly
important if you modify access privileges or create new users.

=back

=back


=head1 DATABASE HANDLES

The DBD::mysql driver supports the following attributes of database
handles (read only):

  $errno = $dbh->{'mysql_errno'};
  $error = $dbh->{'mysql_error'};
  $info = $dbh->{'mysql_hostinfo'};
  $info = $dbh->{'mysql_info'};
  $insertid = $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'};
  $info = $dbh->{'mysql_protoinfo'};
  $info = $dbh->{'mysql_serverinfo'};
  $info = $dbh->{'mysql_stat'};
  $threadId = $dbh->{'mysql_thread_id'};

These correspond to mysql_errno(), mysql_error(), mysql_get_host_info(),
mysql_info(), mysql_insert_id(), mysql_get_proto_info(),
mysql_get_server_info(), mysql_stat() and mysql_thread_id(),
respectively.


 $info_hashref = $dhb->{mysql_dbd_stats}

DBD::mysql keeps track of some statistics in the mysql_dbd_stats attribute.
The following stats are being maintained:

=over

=item auto_reconnects_ok

The number of times that DBD::mysql successfully reconnected to the mysql
server.

=item auto_reconnects_failed

The number of times that DBD::mysql tried to reconnect to mysql but failed.

=back

The DBD::mysql driver also supports the following attribute(s) of database
handles (read/write):

 $bool_value = $dbh->{mysql_auto_reconnect};
 $dbh->{mysql_auto_reconnect} = $AutoReconnect ? 1 : 0;

=over

=item mysql_auto_reconnect

This attribute determines whether DBD::mysql will automatically reconnect
to mysql if the connection be lost. This feature defaults to off; however,
if either the GATEWAY_INTERFACE or MOD_PERL envionment variable is set,
DBD::mysql will turn mysql_auto_reconnect on.  Setting mysql_auto_reconnect
to on is not advised if 'lock tables' is used because if DBD::mysql reconnect
to mysql all table locks will be lost.  This attribute is ignored when
AutoCommit is turned off, and when AutoCommit is turned off, DBD::mysql will
not automatically reconnect to the server.

It is also possible to set the default value of the C<mysql_auto_reconnect>
attribute for the $dbh by passing it in the C<\%attr> hash for C<DBI->connect>.

Note that if you are using a module or framework that performs reconnections
for you (for example L<DBIx::Connector> in fixup mode), this value must be set 
to 0.

=item mysql_use_result

This attribute forces the driver to use mysql_use_result rather than
mysql_store_result. The former is faster and less memory consuming, but
tends to block other processes. (That's why mysql_store_result is the
default.)

It is possible to set the default value of the C<mysql_use_result> attribute
for the $dbh using several ways:

 - through DSN

   $dbh= DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:test;mysql_use_result=1", "root", "");

 - after creation of database handle

   $dbh->{'mysql_use_result'}=0; #disable
   $dbh->{'mysql_use_result'}=1; #enable

It is possible to set/unset the C<mysql_use_result> attribute after
creation of the statement handle. See below.

=item mysql_enable_utf8

This attribute determines whether DBD::mysql should assume strings
stored in the database are utf8.  This feature defaults to off.

When set, a data retrieved from a textual column type (char, varchar,
etc) will have the UTF-8 flag turned on if necessary.  This enables
character semantics on that string.  You will also need to ensure that
your database / table / column is configured to use UTF8.  See Chapter
10 of the mysql manual for details.

Additionally, turning on this flag tells MySQL that incoming data should
be treated as UTF-8.  This will only take effect if used as part of the
call to connect().  If you turn the flag on after connecting, you will
need to issue the command C<SET NAMES utf8> to get the same effect.

This option is experimental and may change in future versions.

=item mysql_bind_type_guessing

This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements)
to attempt to guess if a value being bound is a numeric value,
and if so, doesn't quote the value.  This was created by
Dragonchild and is one way to deal with the performance issue
of using quotes in a statement that is inserting or updating a
large numeric value. This was previously called
C<unsafe_bind_type_guessing> because it is experimental. I have
successfully run the full test suite with this option turned on,
the name can now be simply C<mysql_bind_type_guessing>.

CAVEAT: Even though you can insert an integer value into a
character column, if this column is indexed, if you query that
column with the integer value not being quoted, it will not
use the index:

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = '3' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: SIMPLE
        table: test
         type: ref
possible_keys: value0
          key: value0
      key_len: 13
          ref: const
         rows: 1
        Extra: Using index condition
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = 3
    -> \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: SIMPLE
        table: test
         type: ALL
possible_keys: value0
          key: NULL
      key_len: NULL
          ref: NULL
         rows: 6
        Extra: Using where
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


See bug: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=43822

=item mysql_bind_comment_placeholders

This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements)
will cause any placeholders in comments to be bound. This is
not correct prepared statement behavior, but some developers
have come to depend on this behavior, so I have made it available
in 4.015

See bug: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=

C<mysql_bind_type_guessing> can be turned on via

 - through DSN

  my $dbh= DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:test', 'username', 'pass',
  { mysql_bind_type_guessing => 1})

  - OR after handle creation

  $dbh->{mysql_bind_type_guessing} = 1;

=item mysql_no_autocommit_cmd

This attribute causes the driver to not issue 'set autocommit'
either through explicit or using mysql_autocommit(). This is
particularly useful in the case of using MySQL Proxy.

See the bug report:

https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=46308

As well as:

http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=32464

C<mysql_no_autocommit_cmd> can be turned on via

 - through DSN

  my $dbh= DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:test', 'username', 'pass',
  { mysql_no_autocommit_cmd => 1})

  - OR after handle creation

  $dbh->{mysql_no_autocommit_cmd} = 1;

=back

=head1 STATEMENT HANDLES

The statement handles of DBD::mysql support a number
of attributes. You access these by using, for example,

  my $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};

Note, that most attributes are valid only after a successfull I<execute>.
An C<undef> value will returned in that case. The most important exception
is the C<mysql_use_result> attribute: This forces the driver to use
mysql_use_result rather than mysql_store_result. The former is faster
and less memory consuming, but tends to block other processes. (That's why
mysql_store_result is the default.)

To set the C<mysql_use_result> attribute, use either of the following:

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("QUERY", { "mysql_use_result" => 1});

or

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("QUERY");
  $sth->{"mysql_use_result"} = 1;

Column dependent attributes, for example I<NAME>, the column names,
are returned as a reference to an array. The array indices are
corresponding to the indices of the arrays returned by I<fetchrow>
and similar methods. For example the following code will print a
header of table names together with all rows:

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table");
  if (!$sth) {
      die "Error:" . $dbh->errstr . "\n";
  }
  if (!$sth->execute) {
      die "Error:" . $sth->errstr . "\n";
  }
  my $names = $sth->{'NAME'};
  my $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
  for (my $i = 0;  $i < $numFields;  $i++) {
      printf("%s%s", $i ? "," : "", $$names[$i]);
  }
  print "\n";
  while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref) {
      for (my $i = 0;  $i < $numFields;  $i++) {
	  printf("%s%s", $i ? "," : "", $$ref[$i]);
      }
      print "\n";
  }

For portable applications you should restrict yourself to attributes with
capitalized or mixed case names. Lower case attribute names are private
to DBD::mysql. The attribute list includes:

=over

=item ChopBlanks

this attribute determines whether a I<fetchrow> will chop preceding
and trailing blanks off the column values. Chopping blanks does not
have impact on the I<max_length> attribute.

=item mysql_insertid

MySQL has the ability to choose unique key values automatically. If this
happened, the new ID will be stored in this attribute. An alternative
way for accessing this attribute is via $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'}.
(Note we are using the $dbh in this case!)

=item mysql_is_blob

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the
respective column is a blob. This attribute is valid for MySQL only.

=item mysql_is_key

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the
respective column is a key. This is valid for MySQL only.

=item mysql_is_num

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the
respective column contains numeric values.

=item mysql_is_pri_key

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the
respective column is a primary key.

=item mysql_is_auto_increment

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates that the
respective column is an AUTO_INCREMENT column.  This is only valid
for MySQL.

=item mysql_length

=item mysql_max_length

A reference to an array of maximum column sizes. The I<max_length> is
the maximum physically present in the result table, I<length> gives
the theoretically possible maximum. I<max_length> is valid for MySQL
only.

=item mysql_clientinfo

List information of the MySQL client library that DBD::mysql was built
against:

print "$dbh->{mysql_clientinfo}\n";

5.2.0-MariaDB

=item mysql_clientversion

print "$dbh->{mysql_clientversion}\n";

50200

=item mysql_serverversion

print "$dbh->{mysql_serverversion}\n";

50200

=item NAME

A reference to an array of column names.

=item NULLABLE

A reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates that this column
may contain NULL's.

=item NUM_OF_FIELDS

Number of fields returned by a I<SELECT> or I<LISTFIELDS> statement.
You may use this for checking whether a statement returned a result:
A zero value indicates a non-SELECT statement like I<INSERT>,
I<DELETE> or I<UPDATE>.

=item mysql_table

A reference to an array of table names, useful in a I<JOIN> result.

=item TYPE

A reference to an array of column types. The engine's native column
types are mapped to portable types like DBI::SQL_INTEGER() or
DBI::SQL_VARCHAR(), as good as possible. Not all native types have
a meaningfull equivalent, for example DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_INTERVAL
is mapped to DBI::SQL_VARCHAR().
If you need the native column types, use I<mysql_type>. See below.

=item mysql_type

A reference to an array of MySQL's native column types, for example
DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_SHORT() or DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_STRING().
Use the I<TYPE> attribute, if you want portable types like
DBI::SQL_SMALLINT() or DBI::SQL_VARCHAR().

=item mysql_type_name

Similar to mysql, but type names and not numbers are returned.
Whenever possible, the ANSI SQL name is preferred.

=item mysql_warning_count

The number of warnings generated during execution of the SQL statement.

=back

=head1 TRANSACTION SUPPORT

Beginning with DBD::mysql 2.0416, transactions are supported.
The transaction support works as follows:

=over

=item *

By default AutoCommit mode is on, following the DBI specifications.

=item *

If you execute

    $dbh->{'AutoCommit'} = 0;

or

    $dbh->{'AutoCommit'} = 1;

then the driver will set the MySQL server variable autocommit to 0 or
1, respectively. Switching from 0 to 1 will also issue a COMMIT,
following the DBI specifications.

=item *

The methods

    $dbh->rollback();
    $dbh->commit();

will issue the commands COMMIT and ROLLBACK, respectively. A
ROLLBACK will also be issued if AutoCommit mode is off and the
database handles DESTROY method is called. Again, this is following
the DBI specifications.

=back

Given the above, you should note the following:

=over

=item *

You should never change the server variable autocommit manually,
unless you are ignoring DBI's transaction support.

=item *

Switching AutoCommit mode from on to off or vice versa may fail.
You should always check for errors, when changing AutoCommit mode.
The suggested way of doing so is using the DBI flag RaiseError.
If you don't like RaiseError, you have to use code like the
following:

  $dbh->{'AutoCommit'} = 0;
  if ($dbh->{'AutoCommit'}) {
    # An error occurred!
  }

=item *

If you detect an error while changing the AutoCommit mode, you
should no longer use the database handle. In other words, you
should disconnect and reconnect again, because the transaction
mode is unpredictable. Alternatively you may verify the transaction
mode by checking the value of the server variable autocommit.
However, such behaviour isn't portable.

=item *

DBD::mysql has a "reconnect" feature that handles the so-called
MySQL "morning bug": If the server has disconnected, most probably
due to a timeout, then by default the driver will reconnect and
attempt to execute the same SQL statement again. However, this
behaviour is disabled when AutoCommit is off: Otherwise the
transaction state would be completely unpredictable after a
reconnect.

=item *

The "reconnect" feature of DBD::mysql can be toggled by using the
L<mysql_auto_reconnect> attribute. This behaviour should be turned off
in code that uses LOCK TABLE because if the database server time out
and DBD::mysql reconnect, table locks will be lost without any
indication of such loss.

=back

=head1 MULTIPLE RESULT SETS

As of version 3.0002_5, DBD::mysql supports multiple result sets (Thanks
to Guy Harrison!). This is the first release of this functionality, so
there may be issues. Please report bugs if you run into them!

The basic usage of multiple result sets is

  do
  {
    while (@row= $sth->fetchrow_array())
    {
      do stuff;
    }
  } while ($sth->more_results)

An example would be:

  $dbh->do("drop procedure if exists someproc") or print $DBI::errstr;

  $dbh->do("create procedure somproc() deterministic
   begin
   declare a,b,c,d int;
   set a=1;
   set b=2;
   set c=3;
   set d=4;
   select a, b, c, d;
   select d, c, b, a;
   select b, a, c, d;
   select c, b, d, a;
  end") or print $DBI::errstr;

  $sth=$dbh->prepare('call someproc()') ||
  die $DBI::err.": ".$DBI::errstr;

  $sth->execute || die DBI::err.": ".$DBI::errstr; $rowset=0;
  do {
    print "\nRowset ".++$i."\n---------------------------------------\n\n";
    foreach $colno (0..$sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}) {
      print $sth->{NAME}->[$colno]."\t";
    }
    print "\n";
    while (@row= $sth->fetchrow_array())  {
      foreach $field (0..$#row) {
        print $row[$field]."\t";
      }
      print "\n";
    }
  } until (!$sth->more_results)

For more examples, please see the eg/ directory. This is where helpful
DBD::mysql code snippits will be added in the future.

=head2 Issues with Multiple result sets

So far, the main issue is if your result sets are "jagged", meaning, the
number of columns of your results vary. Varying numbers of columns could
result in your script crashing. This is something that will be fixed soon.


=head1 MULTITHREADING

The multithreading capabilities of DBD::mysql depend completely
on the underlying C libraries: The modules are working with handle data
only, no global variables are accessed or (to the best of my knowledge)
thread unsafe functions are called. Thus DBD::mysql is believed
to be completely thread safe, if the C libraries are thread safe
and you don't share handles among threads.

The obvious question is: Are the C libraries thread safe?
In the case of MySQL the answer is "mostly" and, in theory, you should
be able to get a "yes", if the C library is compiled for being thread
safe (By default it isn't.) by passing the option -with-thread-safe-client
to configure. See the section on I<How to make a threadsafe client> in
the manual.

=head1 ASYNCHRONOUS QUERIES

You can make a single asynchronous query per MySQL connection; this allows
you to submit a long-running query to the server and have an event loop
inform you when it's ready.  An asynchronous query is started by either
setting the 'async' attribute to a truthy value in the L<DBI/do> method,
or in the L<DBI/prepare> method.  Statements created with 'async' set to
true in prepare always run their queries asynchronously when L<DBI/execute>
is called.  The driver also offers three additional methods:
C<mysql_async_result>, C<mysql_async_ready>, and C<mysql_fd>. 
C<mysql_async_result> returns what do or execute would have; that is, the
number of rows affected.  C<mysql_async_ready> returns true if
C<mysql_async_result> will not block, and zero otherwise.  They both return
C<undef> if that handle is not currently running an asynchronous query.
C<mysql_fd> returns the file descriptor number for the MySQL connection; you
can use this in an event loop.

Here's an example of how to use the asynchronous query interface:

  use feature 'say';
  $dbh->do('SELECT SLEEP(10)', { async => 1 });
  until($dbh->mysql_async_ready) {
    say 'not ready yet!';
    sleep 1;
  }
  my $rows = $dbh->mysql_async_result;

=head1 INSTALLATION

Windows users may skip this section and pass over to L<WIN32
INSTALLATION> below. Others, go on reading.

=head2 Environment Variables

For ease of use, you can now set environment variables for
DBD::mysql installation. You can set any or all of the options, and
export them by putting them in your .bashrc or the like:

    export DBD_MYSQL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql
    export DBD_MYSQL_LIBS="-L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient"
    export DBD_MYSQL_EMBEDDED=
    export DBD_MYSQL_CONFIG=mysql_config
    export DBD_MYSQL_NOCATCHSTDERR=0
    export DBD_MYSQL_NOFOUNDROWS=0
    export DBD_MYSQL_SSL=
    export DBD_MYSQL_TESTDB=test
    export DBD_MYSQL_TESTHOST=localhost
    export DBD_MYSQL_TESTPASSWORD=s3kr1+
    export DBD_MYSQL_TESTPORT=3306
    export DBD_MYSQL_TESTUSER=me

The most useful may be the host, database, port, socket, user, and password.

Installation will first look to your mysql_config, and then your
environment variables, and then it will guess with intelligent defaults.

=head2 Installing with CPAN

First of all, you do not need an installed MySQL server for installing
DBD::mysql. However, you need at least the client
libraries and possibly the header files, if you are compiling DBD::mysql
from source. In the case of MySQL you can create a
client-only version by using the configure option --without-server.
If you are using precompiled binaries, then it may be possible to
use just selected RPM's like MySQL-client and MySQL-devel or something
similar, depending on the distribution.

First you need to install the DBI module. For using I<dbimon>, a
simple DBI shell it is recommended to install Data::ShowTable another
Perl module.

I recommend trying automatic installation via the CPAN module. Try

  perl -MCPAN -e shell

If you are using the CPAN module for the first time, it will prompt
you a lot of questions. If you finally receive the CPAN prompt, enter

  install Bundle::DBD::mysql

=head2 Manual Installation

If this fails (which may be the case for a number of reasons, for
example because you are behind a firewall or don't have network
access), you need to do a manual installation. First of all you
need to fetch the modules from CPAN search

   http://search.cpan.org/

The following modules are required

  DBI
  Data::ShowTable
  DBD::mysql

Then enter the following commands (note - versions are just examples):

  gzip -cd DBI-(version).tar.gz | tar xf -
  cd DBI-(version)
  perl Makefile.PL
  make
  make test
  make install

  cd ..
  gzip -cd Data-ShowTable-(version).tar.gz | tar xf -
  cd Data-ShowTable-3.3
  perl Makefile.PL
  make
  make install

  cd ..
  gzip -cd DBD-mysql-(version)-tar.gz | tar xf -
  cd DBD-mysql-(version)
  perl Makefile.PL
  make
  make test
  make install

During "perl Makefile.PL" you will be prompted some questions.
Other questions are the directories with header files and libraries.
For example, of your file F<mysql.h> is in F</usr/include/mysql/mysql.h>,
then enter the header directory F</usr>, likewise for
F</usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a> or F</usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so>.


=head1 WIN32 INSTALLATION

If you are using ActivePerl, you may use ppm to install DBD-mysql.
For Perl 5.6, upgrade to Build 623 or later, then it is sufficient
to run

  ppm install DBI
  ppm install DBD::mysql

If you need an HTTP proxy, you might need to set the environment
variable http_proxy, for example like this:

  set http_proxy=http://myproxy.com:8080/

As of this writing, DBD::mysql is missing in the ActivePerl 5.8.0
repository. However, Randy Kobes has kindly donated an own
distribution and the following might succeed:

  ppm install http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/DBD-mysql.ppd

Otherwise you definitely *need* a C compiler. And it *must* be the same
compiler that was being used for compiling Perl itself. If you don't
have a C compiler, the file README.win32 from the Perl source
distribution tells you where to obtain freely distributable C compilers
like egcs or gcc. The Perl sources are available via CPAN search

  http://search.cpan.org

I recommend using the win32clients package for installing DBD::mysql
under Win32, available for download on www.tcx.se. The following steps
have been required for me:

=over

=item -

The current Perl versions (5.6, as of this writing) do have a problem
with detecting the C libraries. I recommend to apply the following
patch:

  *** c:\Perl\lib\ExtUtils\Liblist.pm.orig Sat Apr 15 20:03:40 2000
  --- c:\Perl\lib\ExtUtils\Liblist.pm      Sat Apr 15 20:03:45 2000
  ***************
  *** 230,235 ****
  --- 230,239 ----
      # add "$Config{installarchlib}/CORE" to default search path
      push @libpath, "$Config{installarchlib}/CORE";

  +     if ($VC  and  exists($ENV{LIB})  and  defined($ENV{LIB})) {
  +       push(@libpath, split(/;/, $ENV{LIB}));
  +     }
  +
      foreach (Text::ParseWords::quotewords('\s+', 0, $potential_libs)){

        $thislib = $_;

=item -

Extract sources into F<C:\>. This will create a directory F<C:\mysql>
with subdirectories include and lib.

IMPORTANT: Make sure this subdirectory is not shared by other TCX
files! In particular do *not* store the MySQL server in the same
directory. If the server is already installed in F<C:\mysql>,
choose a location like F<C:\tmp>, extract the win32clients there.
Note that you can remove this directory entirely once you have
installed DBD::mysql.

=item -

Extract the DBD::mysql sources into another directory, for
example F<C:\src\siteperl>

=item -

Open a DOS shell and change directory to F<C:\src\siteperl>.

=item -

The next step is only required if you repeat building the modules: Make
sure that you have a clean build tree by running

  nmake realclean

If you don't have VC++, replace nmake with your flavour of make. If
error messages are reported in this step, you may safely ignore them.

=item -

Run

  perl Makefile.PL

which will prompt you for some settings. The really important ones are:

  Which DBMS do you want to use?

enter a 1 here (MySQL only), and

  Where is your mysql installed? Please tell me the directory that
  contains the subdir include.

where you have to enter the win32clients directory, for example
F<C:\mysql> or F<C:\tmp\mysql>.

=item -

Continued in the usual way:

  nmake
  nmake install

=back

If you want to create a PPM package for the ActiveState Perl version, then
modify the above steps as follows: Run

  perl Makefile.PL NAME=DBD-mysql BINARY_LOCATION=DBD-mysql.tar.gz
  nmake ppd
  nmake

Once that is done, use tar and gzip (for example those from the CygWin32
distribution) to create an archive:

  mkdir x86
  tar cf x86/DBD-mysql.tar blib
  gzip x86/DBD-mysql.tar

Put the files x86/DBD-mysql.tar.gz and DBD-mysql.ppd onto some WWW server
and install them by typing

  install http://your.server.name/your/directory/DBD-mysql.ppd

in the PPM program.


=head1 AUTHORS

Originally, there was a non-DBI driver, Mysql, which was much like
PHP drivers such as mysql and mysqli. The B<Mysql> module was
originally written by Andreas König <koenig@kulturbox.de> who still, to this
day, contributes patches to DBD::mysql. An emulated version of Mysql was
provided to DBD::mysql from Jochen Wiedmann, but eventually deprecated as it
was another bundle of code to maintain.

The first incarnation of DBD::mysql was developed by Alligator Descartes,
who was also aided and abetted by Gary Shea, Andreas König and
Tim Bunce.

The current incarnation of B<DBD::mysql> was written by Jochen Wiedmann,
then numerous changes and bug-fixes were added by Rudy Lippan. Next,
prepared statement support was added by Patrick Galbraith and
Alexy Stroganov (who also soley added embedded server
support).

For the past seven years DBD::mysql has been maintained by
Patrick Galbraith (I<patg@patg.net>) along with the entire community
of Perl developers who keep sending patches and making Patrick's job
easier.


=head1 CONTRIBUTIONS

Anyone who desires to contribute to this project is encouraged to do so.
Currently, the sourcecode for this project can be found at Github:

git://github.com/CaptTofu/DBD-mysql.git

Either fork this repository and produce a branch with your changeset that
the maintainer can merge to his tree, or create a diff with git. The maintainer
is more than glad to take contributions from the community as
many features and fixes from DBD::mysql have come from the community.


=head1 COPYRIGHT


This module is
Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2010 Patrick Galbraith
Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Alexey Stroganov
Large Portions Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Rudolf Lippan
Large Portions Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Jochen Wiedmann, with code portions
Copyright (c)1994-1997 their original authors This module is
released under the same license as Perl itself. See the Perl README
for details.


=head1 MAILING LIST SUPPORT

This module is maintained and supported on a mailing list,

    perl@lists.mysql.com

To subscribe to this list, go to

http://lists.mysql.com/perl?sub=1

Mailing list archives are available at

http://lists.mysql.com/perl

Additionally you might try the dbi-user mailing list for questions about
DBI and its modules in general. Subscribe via

dbi-users-subscribe@perl.org

Mailing list archives are at

http://groups.google.com/group/perl.dbi.users?hl=en&lr=

Also, the main DBI site is at

http://dbi.perl.org/

And source:

git://github.com/CaptTofu/DBD-mysql.git

=head1 ADDITIONAL DBI INFORMATION

Additional information on the DBI project can be found on the World
Wide Web at the following URL:

    http://dbi.perl.org

where documentation, pointers to the mailing lists and mailing list
archives and pointers to the most current versions of the modules can
be used.

Information on the DBI interface itself can be gained by typing:

    perldoc DBI

right now!


=head1 BUG REPORTING, ENHANCEMENT/FEATURE REQUESTS

Please report bugs, including all the information needed
such as DBD::mysql version, MySQL version, OS type/version, etc
to this link:

http://bugs.mysql.com/


=cut