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coding-style -
Debian Live Manual
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<meta name="dc.date" content="2011-12-04" />
<meta name="dc.rights" content="Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Debian Live Project;<br> License: This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.<br><br>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.<br><br>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. <br><br>The complete text of the GNU General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3 file." />
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Debian Live Manual
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Project
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<label class="ocn"><a name="623" href="#623" class="lnkocn">623</a></label>
<h1 class="norm" id="o623"><a name="623"></a>
14. Coding Style
</h1>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="624" href="#624" class="lnkocn">624</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o624">
This chapter documents the coding style used in <i>live-boot</i> and others.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="625" href="#625" class="lnkocn">625</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o625"><a name="625"></a> <a name="h14.1" id="h14.1"></a>
<a name="14.1" ></a><a name="h14.1" ></a>14.1 Compatibility
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="626" href="#626" class="lnkocn">626</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o626">
Don't use syntax or semantics that are unique to the Bash shell. For example, the use of array constructs.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="627" href="#627" class="lnkocn">627</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o627">
Only use the POSIX subset - for example, use $(foo) over `foo`.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="628" href="#628" class="lnkocn">628</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o628">
You can check your scripts with 'sh -n' and 'checkbashisms'.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="629" href="#629" class="lnkocn">629</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o629"><a name="629"></a> <a name="h14.2" id="h14.2"></a>
<a name="14.2" ></a><a name="h14.2" ></a>14.2 Indenting
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="630" href="#630" class="lnkocn">630</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o630">
Always use tabs over spaces.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="631" href="#631" class="lnkocn">631</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o631"><a name="631"></a> <a name="h14.3" id="h14.3"></a>
<a name="14.3" ></a><a name="h14.3" ></a>14.3 Wrapping
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="632" href="#632" class="lnkocn">632</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o632">
Generally, lines are 80 chars at maximum.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="633" href="#633" class="lnkocn">633</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o633">
Use the "Linux style" of line breaks:
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="634" href="#634" class="lnkocn">634</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o634">
Bad:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="635" href="#635" class="lnkocn">635</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o635">
if foo; then<br />
bar<br />
fi<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="636" href="#636" class="lnkocn">636</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o636">
Good:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="637" href="#637" class="lnkocn">637</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o637">
if foo<br />
then<br />
bar<br />
fi<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="638" href="#638" class="lnkocn">638</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o638">
The same holds for functions:
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="639" href="#639" class="lnkocn">639</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o639">
Bad:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="640" href="#640" class="lnkocn">640</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o640">
foo () {<br />
bar<br />
}<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="641" href="#641" class="lnkocn">641</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o641">
Good:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="642" href="#642" class="lnkocn">642</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o642">
foo ()<br />
{<br />
bar<br />
}<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="643" href="#643" class="lnkocn">643</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o643"><a name="643"></a> <a name="h14.4" id="h14.4"></a>
<a name="14.4" ></a><a name="h14.4" ></a>14.4 Variables
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="644" href="#644" class="lnkocn">644</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o644">
Variables are always in capital letters.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="645" href="#645" class="lnkocn">645</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o645">
Variables that used in <tt>lb config</tt> always start with <tt>LB_</tt> prefix.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="646" href="#646" class="lnkocn">646</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o646">
Internal temporary variables in <i>live-build</i> should start with the <tt>_LB_</tt> prefix.
</li>
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<label class="ocn"><a name="647" href="#647" class="lnkocn">647</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o647">
Local variables start with <i>live-build</i> <tt>__LB_</tt> prefix.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="648" href="#648" class="lnkocn">648</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o648">
Variables in connection to a boot parameter in <i>live-config</i> start with <tt>LIVE_</tt>.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="649" href="#649" class="lnkocn">649</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o649">
All other variables in <i>live-config</i> start with <tt>_</tt> prefix.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="650" href="#650" class="lnkocn">650</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o650">
Use braces around variables; e.g. write <tt>${FOO}</tt> instead of <tt>$FOO</tt>.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="651" href="#651" class="lnkocn">651</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o651">
Always protect variables with quotes to respect potential whitespaces: write <tt>"${FOO}"</tt> not <tt>${FOO}</tt>.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="652" href="#652" class="lnkocn">652</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o652">
For consistency reasons, always use quotes when assigning values to variables:
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="653" href="#653" class="lnkocn">653</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o653">
Bad:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="654" href="#654" class="lnkocn">654</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o654">
FOO=bar<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="655" href="#655" class="lnkocn">655</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o655">
Good:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="656" href="#656" class="lnkocn">656</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o656">
FOO="bar"<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="657" href="#657" class="lnkocn">657</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o657">
If multiple variables are used, quote the full expression:
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="658" href="#658" class="lnkocn">658</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o658">
Bad:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="659" href="#659" class="lnkocn">659</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o659">
if [ -f "${FOO}"/foo/"${BAR}"/bar ]<br />
then<br />
foobar<br />
fi<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="660" href="#660" class="lnkocn">660</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o660">
Good:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="661" href="#661" class="lnkocn">661</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o661">
if [ -f "${FOO}/foo/${BAR}/bar" ]<br />
then<br />
foobar<br />
fi<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="662" href="#662" class="lnkocn">662</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o662"><a name="662"></a> <a name="h14.5" id="h14.5"></a>
<a name="14.5" ></a><a name="h14.5" ></a>14.5 Miscellaneous
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="663" href="#663" class="lnkocn">663</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o663">
Use "<tt>|</tt>" (without the surround quotes) as a seperator in calls to sed, e.g. "<tt>sed -e 's|foo|bar|'</tt>" (without "").
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="664" href="#664" class="lnkocn">664</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o664">
Don't use the <tt>test</tt> command for comparisons or tests, use "<tt>[</tt>" "<tt>]</tt>" (without ""); e.g. "<tt>if [ -x /bin/foo ]; ...</tt>" and not "<tt>if test -x /bin/foo; ...</tt>".
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="665" href="#665" class="lnkocn">665</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o665">
Use <tt>case</tt> wherever possible over <tt>test</tt>, as it's easier to read and faster in execution.
</li>
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