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Debian Live Manual
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<h1 class="tiny">
Debian Live Manual
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User
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<label class="ocn"><a name="456" href="#456" class="lnkocn">456</a></label>
<h1 class="norm" id="o456"><a name="456"></a>
9. Customizing contents
</h1>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="457" href="#457" class="lnkocn">457</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o457">
This chapter discusses fine-tuning customization of the live system contents beyond merely choosing which packages to include. Includes allow you to add or replace arbitrary files in your Debian Live image, hooks allow you to execute arbitrary commands at different stages of the build and at boot time, and preseeding allows you to configure packages when they are installed by supplying answers to debconf questions.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="458" href="#458" class="lnkocn">458</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o458"><a name="458"></a> <a name="h9.1" id="h9.1"></a>
<a name="9.1" ></a><a name="h9.1" ></a>9.1 Includes
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="459" href="#459" class="lnkocn">459</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o459">
While ideally a Debian live system would include files entirely provided by unmodified Debian packages, it is sometimes convenient to provide or modify some content by means of files. Using includes, it is possible to add (or replace) arbitrary files in your Debian Live image. <i>live-build</i> provides three mechanisms for using them:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="460" href="#460" class="lnkocn">460</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o460">
Chroot local includes: These allow you to add or replace files to the chroot/Live filesystem. Please see <a href="customizing-contents.html#live-chroot-local-includes">Live/chroot local includes</a> for more information.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="461" href="#461" class="lnkocn">461</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o461">
Binary local includes: These allow you to add or replace files in the binary image. Please see <a href="customizing-contents.html#binary-local-includes">Binary local includes</a> for more information.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="462" href="#462" class="lnkocn">462</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o462">
Binary includes: These allow you to add or replace Debian specific files in the binary image, such as the templates and tools directories. Please see <a href="customizing-contents.html#binary-includes">Binary includes</a> for more information.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="463" href="#463" class="lnkocn">463</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o463">
Please see <a href="about-manual.html#terms">Terms</a> for more information about the distinction between the "Live" and "binary" images.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="464" href="#464" class="lnkocn">464</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o464"><a name="464"></a> <a name="hlive-chroot-local-includes" id="hlive-chroot-local-includes"></a>
<a name="h9.1.1" ></a><a name="live-chroot-local-includes" ></a>9.1.1 Live/chroot local includes
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="465" href="#465" class="lnkocn">465</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o465">
Chroot local includes can be used to add or replace files in the chroot/Live filesystem so that they may be used in the Live system. A typical use is to populate the skeleton user directory (<tt>/etc/skel</tt>) used by the Live system to create the live user's home directory. Another is to supply configuration files that can be simply added or replaced in the image without processing; see <a href="customizing-contents.html#live-chroot-local-hooks">Live/chroot local hooks</a> if processing is needed.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="466" href="#466" class="lnkocn">466</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o466">
To include files, simply add them to your <tt>config/includes.chroot</tt> directory. This directory corresponds to the root directory (<tt>/</tt>) of the live system. For example, to add a file <tt>/var/www/index.html</tt> in the live system, use:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="467" href="#467" class="lnkocn">467</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o467">
$ mkdir -p config/includes.chroot/var/www<br />
$ cp /path/to/my/index.html config/includes.chroot/var/www<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="468" href="#468" class="lnkocn">468</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o468">
Your configuration will then have the following layout:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="469" href="#469" class="lnkocn">469</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o469">
-- config<br />
[...]<br />
|-- includes.chroot<br />
| `-- var<br />
| `-- www<br />
| `-- index.html<br />
[...]<br />
`-- templates<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="470" href="#470" class="lnkocn">470</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o470">
Chroot local includes are installed after package installation so that files installed by packages are overwritten.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="471" href="#471" class="lnkocn">471</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o471"><a name="471"></a> <a name="hbinary-local-includes" id="hbinary-local-includes"></a>
<a name="h9.1.2" ></a><a name="binary-local-includes" ></a>9.1.2 Binary local includes
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="472" href="#472" class="lnkocn">472</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o472">
To include material such as documentation or videos on the media filesystem so that it is accessible immediately upon insertion of the media without booting the Live system, you can use binary local includes. This works in a similar fashion to chroot local includes. For example, suppose the files <tt>~/video_demo.*</tt> are demo videos of the live system described by and linked to by an HTML index page. Simply copy the material to <tt>config/includes.binary/</tt> as follows:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="473" href="#473" class="lnkocn">473</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o473">
$ cp ~/video_demo.* config/includes.binary/<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="474" href="#474" class="lnkocn">474</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o474">
These files will now appear in the root directory of the live media.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="475" href="#475" class="lnkocn">475</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o475"><a name="475"></a> <a name="hbinary-includes" id="hbinary-includes"></a>
<a name="h9.1.3" ></a><a name="binary-includes" ></a>9.1.3 Binary includes
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="476" href="#476" class="lnkocn">476</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o476">
<i>live-build</i> has some standard files (like documentation) that gets included in the default configuration on every live media. This can be disabled with:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="477" href="#477" class="lnkocn">477</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o477">
$ lb config --includes none<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="478" href="#478" class="lnkocn">478</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o478">
Otherwise, the material will be installed by <i>live-build</i> in <tt>/includes/</tt> by default on the media filesystem, or else you can specify an alternate path with <tt>--includes</tt>.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="479" href="#479" class="lnkocn">479</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o479"><a name="479"></a> <a name="h9.2" id="h9.2"></a>
<a name="9.2" ></a><a name="h9.2" ></a>9.2 Hooks
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="480" href="#480" class="lnkocn">480</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o480">
Hooks allow commands to be performed in the chroot and binary stages of the build in order to customize the image.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="481" href="#481" class="lnkocn">481</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o481"><a name="481"></a> <a name="hlive-chroot-local-hooks" id="hlive-chroot-local-hooks"></a>
<a name="h9.2.1" ></a><a name="live-chroot-local-hooks" ></a>9.2.1 Live/chroot local hooks
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="482" href="#482" class="lnkocn">482</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o482">
To run commands in the chroot stage, create a hook script with a <tt>.chroot</tt> suffix containing the commands in the <tt>config/hooks/</tt> directory. The hook will run in the chroot after the rest of your chroot configuration has been applied, so remember to ensure your configuration includes all packages and files your hook needs in order to run. See the example chroot hook scripts for various common chroot customization tasks provided in <tt>/usr/share/live/build/examples/hooks</tt> which you can copy or symlink to use them in your own configuration.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="483" href="#483" class="lnkocn">483</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o483"><a name="483"></a> <a name="hboot-time-hooks" id="hboot-time-hooks"></a>
<a name="h9.2.2" ></a><a name="boot-time-hooks" ></a>9.2.2 Boot-time hooks
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="484" href="#484" class="lnkocn">484</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o484">
To execute commands at boot time, you can supply <i>live-config</i> hooks as explained in the "Customization" section of its man page. Examine <i>live-config</i>' s own hooks provided in <tt>/lib/live/config/</tt>, noting the sequence numbers. Then provide your own hook prefixed with an appropriate sequence number, either as a chroot local include in <tt>config/includes.chroot/lib/live/config/</tt>, or as a custom package as discussed in <a href="customizing-package-installation.html#installing-modified-or-third-party-packages">Installing modified or third-party packages</a>.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="485" href="#485" class="lnkocn">485</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o485"><a name="485"></a> <a name="h9.2.3" id="h9.2.3"></a>
<a name="9.2.3" ></a><a name="h9.2.3" ></a>9.2.3 Binary local hooks
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="486" href="#486" class="lnkocn">486</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o486">
To run commands in the binary stage, create a hook script with a <tt>.binary</tt> suffix containing the commands in the <tt>config/hooks/</tt> directory. The hook will run after all other binary commands are run, but before binary_checksums, the very last binary command. The commands in your hook do not run in the chroot, so take care to not modify any files outside of the build tree, or you may damage your build system! See the example binary hook scripts for various common binary customization tasks provided in <tt>/usr/share/live/build/examples/hooks</tt> which you can copy or symlink to use them in your own configuration.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="487" href="#487" class="lnkocn">487</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o487"><a name="487"></a> <a name="h9.3" id="h9.3"></a>
<a name="9.3" ></a><a name="h9.3" ></a>9.3 Preseeding Debconf questions
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="488" href="#488" class="lnkocn">488</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o488">
Files in the <tt>config/preseed/</tt> directory suffixed with <tt>.preseed</tt> followed by the stage (<tt>.chroot</tt> or <tt>.binary</tt>) are considered to be debconf preseed files and are installed by <i>live-build</i> using <tt>debconf-set-selections</tt> during the corresponding stage.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="489" href="#489" class="lnkocn">489</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o489">
For more information about debconf, please see debconf(7) in the <tt>debconf</tt> package.
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