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customizing-contents -
Manuale di Debian Live
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<meta name="dc.rights" content="Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Debian Live Project;<br> License: Questo programma è software libero: è possibile ridistribuirlo e modificarlo secondo i termini della GNU General Public License come pubblicata dalla Free Software Foundation, sia la versione 3 della licenza o (a scelta) una versione successiva.<br><br>Questo programma è distribuito nella speranza che possa essere utile, ma SENZA ALCUNA GARANZIA, nemmeno la garanzia implicita di COMMERCIABILITÀ o IDONEITÀ PER UN PARTICOLARE SCOPO. Vedere la GNU General Public License per ulteriori dettagli.<br><br>Si dovrebbe aver ricevuto una copia della GNU General Public License con questo programma. In caso contrario, vedere http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. <br><br>Il testo completo della GNU General Public License può essere trovato nel file /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3." />
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<h1 class="tiny">
Manuale di Debian Live
</h1>
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<h2 class="tiny">
Utente
</h2>
</div><div class="content"><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="456" href="#456" class="lnkocn">456</a></label>
<h1 class="norm" id="o456"><a name="456"></a>
9. Personalizzazione dei contenuti
</h1>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="457" href="#457" class="lnkocn">457</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o457">
Questo capitolo tratta la personalizzazione dei contenuti del sistema live che va oltre la semplice scelta dei pacchetti da includere. Gli include permettono di aggiungere o sostituire file nell'immagine di Debian Live, gli hook permettono di eseguire comandi in fasi differenti della creazione e all'avvio, e la preconfigurazione permette di configurare i pacchetti quando vengono installati fornendo risposte alle domande di debconf.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="458" href="#458" class="lnkocn">458</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o458"><a name="458"></a> <a name="h9.1" id="h9.1"></a>
<a name="9.1" ></a><a name="h9.1" ></a>9.1 Include
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="459" href="#459" class="lnkocn">459</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o459">
Anche se idealmente un sistema live Debian dovrebbe includere file forniti interamente dal pacchetti Debian non modificati, a volte è conveniente fornire o modificare parte del contenuto per mezzo di file. Utilizzando gli include, si può aggiungere (o sostituire) file arbitrari nell'immagine di Debian Live. Per usarli, <i>live-build</i> mette a disposizione tre meccanismi:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="460" href="#460" class="lnkocn">460</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o460">
Include locali del chroot: permettono di aggiungere o sostituire file al file system chroot/Live. Vedere <a href="customizing-contents.html#live-chroot-local-includes">Live/chroot include locali</a> per maggiori informazioni.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="461" href="#461" class="lnkocn">461</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o461">
Include locali binari: permettono di aggiungere o sostituire file nell'immagine binaria. Vedere <a href="customizing-contents.html#binary-local-includes">Include locali binari</a> per maggiori informazioni
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="462" href="#462" class="lnkocn">462</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o462">
Include binari: permettono di aggiungere o sostituire specifici file Debian nell'immagine binaria, come le directory dei template e dei tool. Vedere <a href="customizing-contents.html#binary-includes">Include binari</a> per maggiori informazioni.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="463" href="#463" class="lnkocn">463</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o463">
Si consulti il <a href="about-manual.html#terms">Glossario</a> per ulteriori informazioni sulla distinzione tra immagini "Live" e "binarie".
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="464" href="#464" class="lnkocn">464</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o464"><a name="464"></a> <a name="hlive-chroot-local-includes" id="hlive-chroot-local-includes"></a>
<a name="h9.1.1" ></a><a name="live-chroot-local-includes" ></a>9.1.1 Live/chroot include locali
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="465" href="#465" class="lnkocn">465</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o465">
Gli include locali del chroot possono essere usati per aggiungere o sostituire file nel filesystem chroot/Live in modo che possano essere utilizzati nel sistema live. Un utilizzo tipico è popolare la directory scheletro dell'utente (<tt>/etc/skel</tt>) che il sistema impiega per creare la home dell'utente. Un altro è quello di fornire file di configurazione che possono essere semplicemente aggiunti o sostituiti nell'immagine senza elaborazione; si veda <a href="customizing-contents.html#live-chroot-local-hooks">Live/chroot hook locali</a> se è necessaria l'elaborazione.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="466" href="#466" class="lnkocn">466</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o466">
To include files, simply add them to your <tt>config/includes.chroot</tt> directory. This directory corresponds to the root directory (<tt>/</tt>) of the live system. For example, to add a file <tt>/var/www/index.html</tt> in the live system, use:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="467" href="#467" class="lnkocn">467</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o467">
$ mkdir -p config/includes.chroot/var/www<br />
$ cp /path/to/my/index.html config/includes.chroot/var/www<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="468" href="#468" class="lnkocn">468</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o468">
La configurazione avrà quindi il seguente schema:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="469" href="#469" class="lnkocn">469</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o469">
-- config<br />
[...]<br />
|-- includes.chroot<br />
| `-- var<br />
| `-- www<br />
| `-- index.html<br />
[...]<br />
`-- templates<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="470" href="#470" class="lnkocn">470</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o470">
Gli include locali del chroot vengono installati dopo l'installazione dei pacchetti in modo che tali file vengano in seguito sovrascitti.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="471" href="#471" class="lnkocn">471</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o471"><a name="471"></a> <a name="hbinary-local-includes" id="hbinary-local-includes"></a>
<a name="h9.1.2" ></a><a name="binary-local-includes" ></a>9.1.2 Include locali binari
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="472" href="#472" class="lnkocn">472</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o472">
To include material such as documentation or videos on the media filesystem so that it is accessible immediately upon insertion of the media without booting the Live system, you can use binary local includes. This works in a similar fashion to chroot local includes. For example, suppose the files <tt>~/video_demo.*</tt> are demo videos of the live system described by and linked to by an HTML index page. Simply copy the material to <tt>config/includes.binary/</tt> as follows:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="473" href="#473" class="lnkocn">473</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o473">
$ cp ~/video_demo.* config/includes.binary/<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="474" href="#474" class="lnkocn">474</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o474">
Questi file appariranno nella directory principale del supporto live.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="475" href="#475" class="lnkocn">475</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o475"><a name="475"></a> <a name="hbinary-includes" id="hbinary-includes"></a>
<a name="h9.1.3" ></a><a name="binary-includes" ></a>9.1.3 Include binari
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="476" href="#476" class="lnkocn">476</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o476">
<i>live-build</i> ha alcuni file standard (come la documentazione) inclusi nella configurazione predefinita di ogni supporto live. Ciò può essere disabilitato con:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="477" href="#477" class="lnkocn">477</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o477">
$ lb config --includes none<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="478" href="#478" class="lnkocn">478</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o478">
In caso contrario il materiale verrà installato da <i>live-build</i> nella directory <tt>/includes/</tt> del filesystem in modo predefinito, oppure è possibile specificare un percorso alternativo con <tt>--includes</tt>.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="479" href="#479" class="lnkocn">479</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o479"><a name="479"></a> <a name="h9.2" id="h9.2"></a>
<a name="9.2" ></a><a name="h9.2" ></a>9.2 Hook
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="480" href="#480" class="lnkocn">480</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o480">
Gli hook permettono di eseguire comandi nel chroot e nelle fasi binarie della creazione al fine di personalizzare l'immagine.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="481" href="#481" class="lnkocn">481</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o481"><a name="481"></a> <a name="hlive-chroot-local-hooks" id="hlive-chroot-local-hooks"></a>
<a name="h9.2.1" ></a><a name="live-chroot-local-hooks" ></a>9.2.1 Live/chroot hook locali
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="482" href="#482" class="lnkocn">482</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o482">
To run commands in the chroot stage, create a hook script with a <tt>.chroot</tt> suffix containing the commands in the <tt>config/hooks/</tt> directory. The hook will run in the chroot after the rest of your chroot configuration has been applied, so remember to ensure your configuration includes all packages and files your hook needs in order to run. See the example chroot hook scripts for various common chroot customization tasks provided in <tt>/usr/share/live/build/examples/hooks</tt> which you can copy or symlink to use them in your own configuration.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="483" href="#483" class="lnkocn">483</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o483"><a name="483"></a> <a name="hboot-time-hooks" id="hboot-time-hooks"></a>
<a name="h9.2.2" ></a><a name="boot-time-hooks" ></a>9.2.2 Hook in fase di avvio
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="484" href="#484" class="lnkocn">484</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o484">
To execute commands at boot time, you can supply <i>live-config</i> hooks as explained in the "Customization" section of its man page. Examine <i>live-config</i>' s own hooks provided in <tt>/lib/live/config/</tt>, noting the sequence numbers. Then provide your own hook prefixed with an appropriate sequence number, either as a chroot local include in <tt>config/includes.chroot/lib/live/config/</tt>, or as a custom package as discussed in <a href="customizing-package-installation.html#installing-modified-or-third-party-packages">Installing modified or third-party packages</a>.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="485" href="#485" class="lnkocn">485</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o485"><a name="485"></a> <a name="h9.2.3" id="h9.2.3"></a>
<a name="9.2.3" ></a><a name="h9.2.3" ></a>9.2.3 Hook binari locali
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="486" href="#486" class="lnkocn">486</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o486">
To run commands in the binary stage, create a hook script with a <tt>.binary</tt> suffix containing the commands in the <tt>config/hooks/</tt> directory. The hook will run after all other binary commands are run, but before binary_checksums, the very last binary command. The commands in your hook do not run in the chroot, so take care to not modify any files outside of the build tree, or you may damage your build system! See the example binary hook scripts for various common binary customization tasks provided in <tt>/usr/share/live/build/examples/hooks</tt> which you can copy or symlink to use them in your own configuration.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="487" href="#487" class="lnkocn">487</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o487"><a name="487"></a> <a name="h9.3" id="h9.3"></a>
<a name="9.3" ></a><a name="h9.3" ></a>9.3 Preconfigurare le domande di Debconf
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="488" href="#488" class="lnkocn">488</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o488">
Files in the <tt>config/preseed/</tt> directory suffixed with <tt>.preseed</tt> followed by the stage (<tt>.chroot</tt> or <tt>.binary</tt>) are considered to be debconf preseed files and are installed by <i>live-build</i> using <tt>debconf-set-selections</tt> during the corresponding stage.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="489" href="#489" class="lnkocn">489</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o489">
Per ulteriori informazioni su debconf, vedere debconf(7) nel pacchetto <tt>debconf</tt>.
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