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  <div class="section" id="module-bson.objectid">
<span id="objectid-tools-for-working-with-mongodb-objectids"></span><h1><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">objectid</span></tt> &#8211; Tools for working with MongoDB ObjectIds<a class="headerlink" href="#module-bson.objectid" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Tools for working with MongoDB <a class="reference external" href="http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/objectids">ObjectIds</a>.</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="bson.objectid.ObjectId">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bson.objectid.</tt><tt class="descname">ObjectId</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>oid=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Initialize a new ObjectId.</p>
<p>If <cite>oid</cite> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, create a new (unique) ObjectId. If <cite>oid</cite>
is an instance of (<tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">basestring</span></tt> (<tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">bytes</span></tt>
in python 3), <a class="reference internal" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId" title="bson.objectid.ObjectId"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ObjectId</span></tt></a>) validate it and use that.  Otherwise,
a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt> is raised. If <cite>oid</cite> is invalid,
<a class="reference internal" href="errors.html#bson.errors.InvalidId" title="bson.errors.InvalidId"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">InvalidId</span></tt></a> is raised.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>oid</cite> (optional): a valid ObjectId (12 byte binary or 24 character
hex string)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 1.2.1: </span>The <cite>oid</cite> parameter can be a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> instance (that contains
only hexadecimal digits).</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition-see-general-mongodb-documentation admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="admonition-title">See general MongoDB documentation</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/objectids" name="bson.objectid.ObjectId"><em>objectids</em></a></p>
</div>
<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">str(o)</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Get a hex encoded version of <a class="reference internal" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId" title="bson.objectid.ObjectId"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ObjectId</span></tt></a> <cite>o</cite>.</p>
<p>The following property always holds:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This representation is useful for urls or other places where
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">o.binary</span></tt> is inappropriate.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="bson.objectid.ObjectId.binary">
<tt class="descname">binary</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId.binary" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>12-byte binary representation of this ObjectId.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="classmethod">
<dt id="bson.objectid.ObjectId.from_datetime">
<em class="property">classmethod </em><tt class="descname">from_datetime</tt><big>(</big><em>generation_time</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId.from_datetime" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a dummy ObjectId instance with a specific generation time.</p>
<p>This method is useful for doing range queries on a field
containing <a class="reference internal" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId" title="bson.objectid.ObjectId"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ObjectId</span></tt></a> instances.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">It is not safe to insert a document containing an ObjectId
generated using this method. This method deliberately
eliminates the uniqueness guarantee that ObjectIds
generally provide. ObjectIds generated with this method
should be used exclusively in queries.</p>
</div>
<p><cite>generation_time</cite> will be converted to UTC. Naive datetime
instances will be treated as though they already contain UTC.</p>
<p>An example using this helper to get documents where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;_id&quot;</span></tt>
was generated before January 1, 2010 would be:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">gen_time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dummy_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gen_time</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s">&quot;_id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;$lt&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">dummy_id</span><span class="p">}})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>generation_time</cite>: <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime</span></tt> to be used
as the generation time for the resulting ObjectId.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 1.8: </span>Properly handle timezone aware values for
<cite>generation_time</cite>.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 1.6.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="bson.objectid.ObjectId.generation_time">
<tt class="descname">generation_time</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId.generation_time" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>A <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> instance representing the time of
generation for this <a class="reference internal" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId" title="bson.objectid.ObjectId"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ObjectId</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> is timezone aware, and
represents the generation time in UTC. It is precise to the
second.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 1.8: </span>Now return an aware datetime instead of a naive one.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 1.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="classmethod">
<dt id="bson.objectid.ObjectId.is_valid">
<em class="property">classmethod </em><tt class="descname">is_valid</tt><big>(</big><em>oid</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bson.objectid.ObjectId.is_valid" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks if a <cite>oid</cite> string is valid or not.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>oid</cite>: the object id to validate</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

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