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<a name="Subplots-and-rotation"></a>
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<a name="Subplots-and-rotation-1"></a>
<h2 class="section">4.4 Subplots and rotation</h2>
<a name="index-Aspect"></a>
<a name="index-Rotate"></a>
<a name="index-RotateN"></a>
<a name="index-SubPlot"></a>
<a name="index-MultiPlot"></a>
<a name="index-StickPlot"></a>
<a name="index-ColumnPlot"></a>
<a name="index-InPlot"></a>
<a name="index-Title"></a>
<a name="index-Perspective"></a>
<a name="index-View"></a>
<a name="index-Push"></a>
<a name="index-Pop"></a>

<p>These functions control how and where further plotting will be placed. There is a certain calling order of these functions for the better plot appearance. First one should be <a href="#subplot">subplot</a>, <a href="#multiplot">multiplot</a> or <a href="#inplot">inplot</a> for specifying the place. Second one can be <a href="#title">title</a> for adding title for the subplot. After it a <a href="#rotate">rotate</a> and <a href="#aspect">aspect</a>. And finally any other plotting functions may be called. Alternatively you can use <a href="#columnplot">columnplot</a>, <a href="#gridplot">gridplot</a>, <a href="#stickplot">stickplot</a> or relative <a href="#inplot">inplot</a> for positioning plots in the column (or grid, or stick) one by another without gap between plot axis (bounding boxes). See section <a href="mathgl_en_11.html#Subplots">Subplots</a>, for sample code and picture.
</p>
<p><a name="subplot"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-subplot"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>subplot</b><i> <code>nx ny m ['stl'='&lt;&gt;_^' dx=0 dy=0]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-SubPlot-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>SubPlot</b><i> (<code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> m, <code>const char *</code>stl=<code>&quot;&lt;&gt;_^&quot;</code>, <code>mreal</code> dx=<code>0</code>, <code>mreal</code> dy=<code>0</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fsubplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_subplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> m, <code>const char *</code>stl)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fsubplot_005fd"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_subplot_d</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> m, <code>const char *</code>stl, <code>mreal</code> dx, <code>mreal</code> dy)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Puts further plotting in a <var>m</var>-th cell of <var>nx</var>*<var>ny</var> grid of the whole frame area. This function set off any aspects or rotations. So it should be used first for creating the subplot. Extra space will be reserved for axis/colorbar if <var>stl</var> contain:
</p><ul>
<li>
&lsquo;<samp>L</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>&lt;</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at left side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>R</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>&gt;</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at right side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>A</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>^</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at top side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>U</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>_</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at bottom side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; reserve none space (use whole region for axis range).
</li></ul>
<p>From the aesthetical point of view it is not recommended to use this function with different matrices in the same frame. The position of the cell can be shifted from its default position by relative size <var>dx</var>, <var>dy</var>.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="multiplot"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-multiplot"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>multiplot</b><i> <code>nx ny m dx dy</code> ['style'='&lt;&gt;_^']</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-MultiPlot-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>MultiPlot</b><i> (<code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> m, <code>int</code> dx, <code>int</code> dy, <code>const char *</code>stl=<code>&quot;&lt;&gt;_^&quot;</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fmultiplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_multiplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> m, <code>int</code> dx, <code>int</code> dy, <code>const char *</code>stl)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Puts further plotting in a rectangle of <var>dx</var>*<var>dy</var> cells starting from <var>m</var>-th cell of <var>nx</var>*<var>ny</var> grid of the whole frame area. This function set off any aspects or rotations.  So it should be used first for creating subplot. Extra space will be reserved for axis/colorbar if <var>stl</var> contain:
</p><ul>
<li>
&lsquo;<samp>L</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>&lt;</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at left side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>R</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>&gt;</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at right side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>A</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>^</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at top side,
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>U</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>_</samp>&rsquo; &ndash; at bottom side.
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>

<p><a name="inplot"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-inplot"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>inplot</b><i> <code>x1 x2 y1 y2 [rel=on]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-InPlot-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>InPlot</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> x1, <code>mreal</code> x2, <code>mreal</code> y1, <code>mreal</code> y2, <code>bool</code> rel=<code>true</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005finplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_inplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> x1, <code>mreal</code> x2, <code>mreal</code> y1, <code>mreal</code> y2)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005frelplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_relplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> x1, <code>mreal</code> x2, <code>mreal</code> y1, <code>mreal</code> y2)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Puts further plotting in some region of the whole frame surface. This function allows one to create a plot in arbitrary place of the screen. The position is defined by rectangular coordinates [<var>x1</var>, <var>x2</var>]*[<var>y1</var>, <var>y2</var>]. The coordinates <var>x1</var>, <var>x2</var>, <var>y1</var>, <var>y2</var> are normalized to interval [0, 1]. If parameter <var>rel</var>=<code>true</code> then the relative position to current <a href="#subplot">subplot</a> (or <a href="#inplot">inplot</a> with <var>rel</var>=<code>false</code>) is used. This function set off any aspects or rotations. So it should be used first for creating subplot.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="columnplot"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-columnplot"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>columnplot</b><i> <code>num ind [d=0]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-ColumnPlot-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>ColumnPlot</b><i> (<code>int</code> num, <code>int</code> ind, <code>mreal</code> d=<code>0</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fcolumnplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_columnplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> num, <code>int</code> ind)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fcolumnplot_005fd"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_columnplot_d</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> num, <code>int</code> ind, <code>mreal</code> d)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Puts further plotting in <var>ind</var>-th cell of column with <var>num</var> cells. The position is relative to previous <a href="#subplot">subplot</a> (or <a href="#inplot">inplot</a> with <var>rel</var>=<code>false</code>). Parameter <var>d</var> set extra gap between cells.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="gridplot"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-gridplot"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>gridplot</b><i> <code>nx ny ind [d=0]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-GridPlot"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>GridPlot</b><i> (<code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> ind, <code>mreal</code> d=<code>0</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fgridplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_gridplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> ind)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fgridplot_005fd"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_gridplot_d</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> nx, <code>int</code> ny, <code>int</code> ind, <code>mreal</code> d)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Puts further plotting in <var>ind</var>-th cell of <var>nx</var>*<var>ny</var> grid. The position is relative to previous <a href="#subplot">subplot</a> (or <a href="#inplot">inplot</a> with <var>rel</var>=<code>false</code>). Parameter <var>d</var> set extra gap between cells.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="stickplot"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-stickplot"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>stickplot</b><i> <code>num ind tet phi</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-StickPlot-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>StickPlot</b><i> (<code>int</code> num, <code>int</code> ind, <code>mreal</code> tet, <code>mreal</code> phi)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fstickplot"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_stickplot</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>int</code> num, <code>int</code> ind, <code>mreal</code> tet, <code>mreal</code> phi)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Puts further plotting in <var>ind</var>-th cell of stick with <var>num</var> cells. At this, stick is rotated on angles <var>tet</var>, <var>phi</var>. The position is relative to previous <a href="#subplot">subplot</a> (or <a href="#inplot">inplot</a> with <var>rel</var>=<code>false</code>).
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="title"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-title"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>title</b><i> 'title' ['stl'='' <code>size=-2</code>]</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-Title-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Title</b><i> (<code>const char *</code>txt, <code>const char *</code>stl=<code>&quot;&quot;</code>, <code>mreal</code> size=<code>-2</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-Title-2"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Title</b><i> (<code>const wchar_t *</code>txt, <code>const char *</code>stl=<code>&quot;&quot;</code>, <code>mreal</code> size=<code>-2</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005ftitle"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_title</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>const char *</code>txt, <code>const char *</code>stl, <code>mreal</code> size)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005ftitlew"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_titlew</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>const wchar_t *</code>txt, <code>const char *</code>stl, <code>mreal</code> size)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Add text <var>title</var> for current subplot/inplot. Paramater <var>stl</var> can contain:
</p><ul>
<li>
font style (see, <a href="mathgl_en_25.html#Font-styles">Font styles</a>);
</li><li>
&lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo; for box around the title.
</li></ul>
<p>Parameter <var>size</var> set font size. This function set off any aspects or rotations. So it should be used just after creating subplot.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="rotate"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-rotate"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>rotate</b><i> <code>tetz tetx [tety=0]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-Rotate-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Rotate</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> TetX, <code>mreal</code> TetZ, <code>mreal</code> TetY=<code>0</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005frotate"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_rotate</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> TetX, <code>mreal</code> TetZ, <code>mreal</code> TetY)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Rotates a further plotting relative to each axis {x, z, y} consecutively on angles <var>TetX</var>, <var>TetZ</var>, <var>TetY</var>.
</p></dd></dl>

<dl>
<dt><a name="index-rotate-1"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>rotate</b><i> <code>tet x y z</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-RotateN-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>RotateN</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> Tet, <code>mreal</code> x, <code>mreal</code> y, <code>mreal</code> z)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005frotate_005fvector"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_rotate_vector</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal Tet</code>, <code>mreal x</code>, <code>mreal y</code>, <code>mreal z</code>)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Rotates a further plotting around vector {<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>z</var>} on angle <var>Tet</var>.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="aspect"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-aspect"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>aspect</b><i> <code>ax ay [az=1]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-Aspect-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Aspect</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> Ax, <code>mreal</code> Ay, <code>mreal</code> Az=<code>1</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005faspect"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_aspect</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> Ax, <code>mreal</code> Ay, <code>mreal</code> Az)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Defines aspect ratio for the plot. The viewable axes will be related one to another as the ratio <var>Ax:Ay:Az</var>. For the best effect it should be used after <a href="#rotate">rotate</a> function. If <var>Ax</var> is <code>NAN</code> then function try to select optimal aspect ratio to keep equal ranges for x-y axis. At this, <var>Ay</var> will specify proportionality factor, or set to use automatic one if <var>Ay</var>=<code>NAN</code>.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="perspective"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-perspective"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>perspective</b><i> <code>val</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-Perspective-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Perspective</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> a)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fperspective"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_perspective</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> a)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Add (switch on) the perspective to plot. The parameter <em>a ~ 1/z_eff \in [0,1)</em>. By default (<code>a=0</code>) the perspective is off.
</p></dd></dl>


<dl>
<dt><a name="index-Push-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Push</b><i> ()</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fmat_005fpush"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_mat_push</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Push transformation matrix into stack. Later you can restore its current state by Pop() function.
</p></dd></dl>

<dl>
<dt><a name="index-Pop-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>Pop</b><i> ()</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fmat_005fpop"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_mat_pop</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Pop (restore last &rsquo;pushed&rsquo;) transformation matrix into stack.
</p></dd></dl>

<dl>
<dt><a name="index-SetPlotFactor"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>SetPlotFactor</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> val)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fset_005fplotfactor"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_set_plotfactor</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> val)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Sets the factor of plot size. It is not recommended to set it lower then 1.5. This is some analogue of function Zoom() but applied not to overall image but for each InPlot. Use negative value or zero to enable automatic selection.
</p></dd></dl>


<p>There are 2 functions <code>View()</code> and <code>Zoom()</code> which transform whole image. I.e. they act as secondary transformation matrix. They were introduced for rotating/zooming the whole plot by mouse. It is not recommended to call them for picture drawning.
</p>
<p><a name="view"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-view"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>view</b><i> <code>tetx tetz [tety=0]</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-View-1"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code>:</u> <code>void</code> <b>View</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> TetX, <code>mreal</code> TetZ, <code>mreal</code> TetY=<code>0</code>)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fview"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_view</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> TetX, <code>mreal</code> TetZ, <code>mreal</code> TetY)</i></dt>
<dd><p>Rotates a further plotting relative to each axis {x, z, y} consecutively on angles <var>TetX</var>, <var>TetZ</var>, <var>TetY</var>. Rotation is done independently on <a href="#rotate">rotate</a>. Attention! this settings can not be overwritten by <code>DefaultPlotParam()</code>. Use <code>Zoom(0,0,1,1)</code> to return default view.
</p></dd></dl>

<p><a name="zoom"></a>
</p><dl>
<dt><a name="index-zoom"></a><u>MGL command:</u> <b>zoom</b><i> <code>x1 y1 x2 y2</code></i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-Zoom"></a><u>Method on <code>mglGraph</code> (C++, Python):</u> <code>void</code> <b>Zoom</b><i> (<code>mreal</code> x1, <code>mreal</code> y1, <code>mreal</code> x2, <code>mreal</code> y2)</i></dt>
<dt><a name="index-mgl_005fset_005fzoom"></a><u>C function:</u> <code>void</code> <b>mgl_set_zoom</b><i> (<code>HMGL</code> gr, <code>mreal</code> x1, <code>mreal</code> y1, <code>mreal</code> x2, <code>mreal</code> y2)</i></dt>
<dd><p>The function changes the scale of graphics that correspond to zoom in/out of the picture. After function call the current plot will be cleared and further the picture will contain plotting from its part [x1,x2]*[y1,y2]. Here picture coordinates <var>x1</var>, <var>x2</var>, <var>y1</var>, <var>y2</var> changes from 0 to 1. Attention! this settings can not be overwritten by any other functions, including <code>DefaultPlotParam()</code>. Use <code>Zoom(0,0,1,1)</code> to return default view.
</p></dd></dl>


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